Njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yoshishino lwemathiriyeli entsha, ishishini elitsha lemathiriyeli yemichiza licandelo elitsha elinamandla ngakumbi kunye namandla ophuhliso kushishino lwemichiza. Imigaqo-nkqubo efana ne "14th Five-Year Plan" kunye ne "Double Carbon" isicwangciso zonke ziqhube kakuhle iteknoloji yefuthe leshishini.

Izinto ezintsha zeekhemikhali zibandakanya i-organic fluorine, i-silicon ephilayo, ukonga amandla, ukukhuselwa kwendalo, iikhemikhali ze-elektroniki, ii-inki kunye nezinye izinto ezintsha. Babhekisa kwezo ziphuhlisiwe ngoku kwaye ziphantsi kophuhliso ezinomsebenzi obalaseleyo okanye imisebenzi ethile ekhethekileyo engenazo izixhobo zekhemikhali zemveli. Yemathiriyeli emitsha yeekhemikhali. Izixhobo zemichiza emitsha zinendawo enkulu yokusetyenziswa kwiimoto, ukuhamba ngololiwe, ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya, ulwazi lwe-elektroniki, izixhobo eziphezulu, ukonga amandla kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo, izixhobo zonyango kunye nokwakhiwa kwedolophu.

Iindidi eziphambili zemathiriyeli emitsha yeekhemikhali
Ihlelwa ngokweendidi zemizi-mveliso, izixhobo zemichiza emitsha zibandakanya iindidi ezintathu: enye yimveliso yeekhemikhali ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwimimandla emitsha, enye ziintlobo eziphezulu zezixhobo zemichiza yemveli, kwaye eyesithathu yimathiriyeli emitsha yeekhemikhali eveliswa ngokulungiswa kwesibini (phezulu- ukugqiba ukugqiba, ukunamathela okuphezulu) , Izinto ze-membrane ezisebenzayo, njl.).

Izinto ezintsha zekhemikhali zibandakanya iiplastiki zobunjineli kunye nealloys zazo, izinto ezisebenzayo zepolymer, i-silicon ye-organic, i-organic fluorine, iifiber ezikhethekileyo, izinto ezidibeneyo, izixhobo zemichiza ye-elektroniki, izixhobo zekhemikhali ze-nano, irabha ekhethekileyo, i-polyurethane, i-polyolefins ephezulu, iingubo ezikhethekileyo, ezikhethekileyo. kukho iindidi ezingaphezu kweshumi ezibandakanya izinto zokuncamathelisa kunye nezongezo ezikhethekileyo.

Umgaqo-nkqubo uqhuba ukusungulwa kweteknoloji yemathiriyeli emitsha yeekhemikhali
Uphuhliso lwemathiriyeli emitsha yemichiza e-China yaqala ngeminyaka yoo-1950 kunye noo-1960, kwaye imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo exhasayo neqhelekileyo yaziswa ngokulandelelana ukudala imeko-bume elungileyo yokukhula kushishino olutsha lwaseTshayina lwemathiriyeli yemichiza. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21, uphando lwaseTshayina kwizinto ezintsha zemichiza iye yaba. eTshayina.

Uhlalutyo “lweSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu se-14” esinxulumene nesicwangciso sobuchule soshishino olutsha lwemathiriyeli yemichiza

Ukujongana "neSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu ye-14", ngenxa yeengxaki ezijongene neshishini elijongene nomthamo omncinci opheleleyo, ulwakhiwo olungenangqiqo, ubuchwephesha obumbalwa bokuqala, ukungabikho kwenkxaso yobuchwepheshe obuqhelekileyo, kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili obulawulwa ngabanye, i-New Material Industry Innovation. IForam yoPhuhliso izimisele ukwenza ukusilela, ukuphucula ukusebenza, nokukhuthaza izicelo. , Gcina iliso kwimisebenzi ephambili kwimida emine.

Ngokuhambelana "neSikhokelo soPhuhliso seMinyaka yeshumi elinesine kuShishino olutsha lweMathiriyeli yeMichiza" ekhutshwe yi-China Petroleum kunye neChemical Industry Federation ngoMeyi 2021, kucwangciswe ukuba ngexesha "le-14 leminyaka emihlanu yeSicwangciso", ikhemikhali entsha yelizwe lam. Ingeniso yoshishino lwemathiriyeli ingeniso yoshishino oluphambili kunye notyalo-mali lwe-asethi esisigxina Gcina ukukhula okukhawulezayo kwaye uzame ukufikelela kwimizi-mveliso ephezulu kunye neyahlukileyo ngo-2025, kunye notshintsho olubalulekileyo kwiindlela zophuhliso kunye nophuculo olubonakalayo kumgangatho wemisebenzi yezoqoqosho.

Uhlalutyo lwenkqubo yetekhnoloji yoshishino olutsha lweekhemikhali ngesicwangciso sokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kunye nokunyuka kwekhabhoni

Enyanisweni, isicwangciso sekhabhoni ephindwe kabini siqhubeka sikhulisa ubume beshishini kwaye siphucula inqanaba lobugcisa loshishino ngophuhliso olunemiqobo, kwaye lukhuthaza uphuhliso loqoqosho kumgangatho ophezulu kunye nesikhokelo esizinzileyo. Ngokuhlalutya ukuguqulwa kolwakhiwo kwicala lobonelelo kunye nemfuno yeemveliso zemichiza, cacisa ifuthe eliqhubayo lesi sicwangciso kushishino olutsha lwemathiriyeli yemichiza.

Impembelelo yeenjongo zekhabhoni ezimbini ikakhulu kukuphucula ukubonelela kunye nokudala imfuno. Ukuphucula ukubonelela kuqulethwe kuxinzelelo lwamandla okuvelisa umva kunye nokukhuthazwa kweenkqubo ezintsha. Umthamo omtsha wemveliso yeemveliso ezininzi zeekhemikhali ulinganiselwe ngokungqongqo, ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunye neemveliso ezikhutshwayo eziphezulu kwishishini lemichiza yamalahle. Ke ngoko, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha zeekhemikhali ezinokutshintshwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-catalysts ezintsha zisetyenziselwa ukunyusa izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokunyusa igesi yokukhupha. Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokubuyisela ngokuthe ngcembe umthamo okhoyo wokuvelisa umva.

Ngokomzekelo, iteknoloji yakutshanje ye-DMTO-III ye-Dalian Institute of Chemical Technology ayinciphisi kuphela ukusetyenziswa kweyunithi ye-methanol kwiitoni ze-2.66, i-catalyst entsha iphinda ikhulise isivuno se-olefin monomers, igweme i-C4 / C5 inyathelo lokuqhekeka, kwaye iyanciphisa ngokuthe ngqo i-carbon. ukukhutshwa kwedioksidi. Ukongeza, itekhnoloji entsha ye-BASF ithatha indawo yerhasi yendalo njengomthombo wobushushu wokuqhekeka komphunga we-ethylene ngesithando somlilo esitsha esinezifudumezi zombane, ezinokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90%.

Ukwenziwa kwemfuno nako kuneentsingiselo ezimbini: enye kukwandisa imfuno yesicelo semathiriyeli emitsha ekhoyo yeekhemikhali, kwaye enye kukutshintsha izinto ezindala kunye nezinto ezintsha ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ephantsi. Owokuqala uthatha amandla amatsha njengomzekelo. Izithuthi zamandla amatsha zisebenzisa inani elikhulu lezinto ezifana ne-thermoplastic elastomers, ezonyusa ngokuthe ngqo imfuno yezinto ezitsha ezinxulumene nemichiza. Ekugqibeleni, ukutshintshwa kwezinto ezindala ngezinto ezintsha akuyi kwandisa kakhulu inani elipheleleyo leemfuno ze-terminal, kwaye ngaphezulu kuya kuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza. Ngokomzekelo, emva kokukhuthazwa kweeplastiki ezichithwayo, ukusetyenziswa kweefilimu zeplastiki zendabuko kunciphile.

Ulwalathiso lophuhliso lobuchwephesha lwemimandla ephambili yemathiriyeli emitsha yeekhemikhali
Zininzi iintlobo zemathiriyeli emitsha yemichiza. Ngokomlinganiselo weshishini lezinto ezahluliweyo kunye nenqanaba lokhuphiswano, izixhobo zekhemikhali ezintsha zahlulwe zaba ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili zetekhnoloji kunye nemimandla yazo yesicelo: imathiriyeli ephucukileyo yepolymer, imathiriyeli edityanisiweyo ephezulu yokusebenza, kunye nezinto ezintsha zemichiza ye-inorganic.

Itekhnoloji yemathiriyeli yepolymer ephezulu

Izinto eziphucukileyo zepolymer ikakhulu zibandakanya irabha yesilicone, i-fluoroelastomer, i-polycarbonate, i-silicone, i-polytetrafluoroethylene, iiplastiki ezibolayo, i-polyurethane, kunye ne-ion exchange membranes, kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo. Ubuchwephesha obudumileyo bamacandelo angaphantsi bushwankathelwa kwaye buhlalutywe. Ubuchwephesha be-polymer obuphambili baseTshayina bunokusasazwa okubanzi kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Phakathi kwazo, amasimi eekhompawundi zepolymer eziphilayo kunye nezinto ezisisiseko zombane zisebenza kakhulu.

Izinto ezidityanisiweyo eziphezulu zokusebenza

Iindawo zophando zeshishini lezinto ezixutyiweyo ezisebenza kakhulu zaseTshayina zikhompawundi zepolymer eziphilayo, amacandelo ombane asisiseko, kunye neendlela eziqhelekileyo zomzimba okanye zekhemikhali okanye izixhobo, ezibalelwa phantse kwi-50%; Iimolekyuli eziphilayo zisetyenziswa njengezithako, kwaye iindlela okanye izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukuguqula ngokuthe ngqo amandla ekhemikhali zibe ngamandla ombane zisebenza kakhulu ngobuchule.

Imathiriyeli emitsha yeekhemikhali ezingaphiliyo

Okwangoku, imathiriyeli emitsha yeekhemikhali ze-inorganic ikakhulu ibandakanya igraphene, i-fullerene, i-electronic grade phosphoric acid kunye namanye amacandelwana. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji entsha yemathiriyeli yekhemikhali ye-inorganic igxininiswe, kwaye iindawo ezisebenzayo zetekhnoloji yelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza zigxininiswe kumacandelo ombane asisiseko, iikhompawundi eziphezulu zeMolekyuli, ikhemistri ye-inorganic kunye nezinye iinkalo.

Ngexesha le-14th yeminyaka emihlanu yeSicwangciso, urhulumente uqulunqe imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo yokukhuthaza kunye nokukhokela uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini elitsha lemichiza yeekhemikhali, kwaye ishishini elitsha lezinto zemichiza liye laba yenye yeendawo apho imarike yaseTshayina ikhula kakuhle ngoku. . Uhlalutyo olujonge phambili lukholelwa ukuba kwishishini elitsha lemathiriyeli yeekhemikhali, kwelinye icala, imigaqo-nkqubo ikhokela isikhokelo sophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yeshishini elitsha lemichiza yeekhemikhali, kwaye kwelinye icala, imigaqo-nkqubo ilungile kuphuhliso lwemathiriyeli emitsha yeekhemikhali. ishishini, kwaye emva koko ikhuthaze inkunzi yentlalo ukwandisa uphando olutsha kunye nophuhliso lweteknoloji yemathiriyeli yemichiza emitsha. Ngotyalo-mali, umsebenzi wetekhnoloji weshishini elitsha lemichiza lifudumeza ngokukhawuleza.