Ikwaziwa ngokuba yi-dimethylaniline, engenambala ukuya kulwelo olunamafutha omthubi, ivumba elicaphukisayo, emoyeni okanye phantsi kwelanga kulula ukusebenzisa i-oxidation i-Ze ibe nzulu. Relative density (20 ℃/4℃) 0.9555, freezing point 2.0℃, boiling point 193℃, flash point (opening) 77℃, ignition point 317℃, viscosity (25℃) 1.528 MPa 4.15 refractive ·N. . Inyibilika kwi ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi eziphilayo. Inokunyibilikisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeekhompawundi eziphilayo. Inyibilika kancinane emanzini. Inokutsha, iya kutsha kumlilo ovulekileyo, umphunga kunye nomoya ukwenza umxube oqhumayo, umda oqhumayo we-1.2% ~ 7.0% (vol). Ubuthi obuphezulu, ukubola okuphezulu kwe-thermal yokukhululwa kwegesi ye-aniline enetyhefu. Inokuthi ifakwe ngesikhumba kunye netyhefu, i-LD501410mg / kg, i-concentration ephezulu evumelekileyo emoyeni yi-5mg / m3.

Iindlela zokugcina

1. Amanqaku okuGcina [25] Gcina kwindawo epholileyo nengena umoya. Zigcine kude nomlilo nobushushu. Gcina isitya sivaliwe. Kufuneka igcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwi-asidi, i-halogens kunye neekhemikhali zokutya, kwaye akufanele ixutywe. Ukuxhobisa ngeentlobo ezihambelanayo kunye nobuninzi bezixhobo zokulwa nomlilo. Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ixhotywe ngokuvuza kwezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokugcina.

2. Itywinwe kwigubu lentsimbi, i-180kg ngomphanda. Gcina kwindawo epholileyo nengena umoya. Gcina kwaye uhambise ngokwemigaqo yamanqaku anokutsha kunye netyhefu

Iindlela zokwenziwa

1. Nge-aniline kunye ne-methanol phambi kwe-asidi ye-sulfuric, ngokushisa okuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Inkqubo yokuhamba: 1. Yongeza i-790kg ye-aniline, i-625kg ye-methanol kunye ne-85kg ye-sulfuric acid (i-100% ye-ammonium) kwi-reactor, lawula ubushushu obungama-210-215℃ kunye noxinzelelo lwe-3.1MPa, uphendule i-4h, emva koko ukhulule uxinzelelo, ukukhupha izinto kwi-separator, unciphise nge-30% ye-sodium hydroxide, yima, kwaye uhlukanise ityuwa ye-quaternary ammonium ephantsi. Emva koko impendulo ye-hydrolysis kwi-160℃, i-0.7-0.9MPa ye-3h, i-hydrolyzate enesiphumo kunye neoli ephezulu yadityaniswa nokuhlamba kwamanzi kunye ne-vacuum distillation ukufumana imveliso egqityiweyo.

2, kunye ne-methanol kunye ne-aniline njengezinto eziluhlaza, phantsi kwemeko ye-methanol egqithisileyo, uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric, 200-250 ℃, ngokusebenzisa i-alumina catalyst synthesis. I-quota yokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikrwada: i-aniline 790kg/t, i-methanol 625kg/t, i-asidi yesulfuric 85kg/t. Amalungiselelo aselebhu anokusabela i-aniline nge-trimethyl phosphate.

3. I-aniline edibeneyo kunye ne-methanol (i-N aniline: i-N methanol ≈ 1: 3) kwaye ifakwe kwi-reactor exhotywe nge-catalyst kwi-space speed ye-0.5h-1 ngokusebenzisa impompo yokulinganisa i-non-pulse metering. I-reaction effluent ingena kuqala kwiglasi ye-gas-liquid separator, kwaye ulwelo oluqokelelwe kwindawo esezantsi yesahluli lukhutshwa rhoqo kuhlalutyo lwechromatographic.

4. Ngo-2001, iYunivesithi yaseNankai kunye neTianjin Ruikai Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd ngokudibeneyo yaqulunqa i-aniline methylation catalyst esebenza kakuhle kakhulu ukuze iqonde i-gas phase synthesis ye-N, N-dimethylaniline. Inkqubo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Emva kokuba i-aniline elulwelo ixutywe ne-methanol ngokomlinganiselo, ifakwe umphunga kwinqaba yomoya emva koko ifakwe kwi-reactor ye-tubular enesantya se-0.5-1.0h-1 (ibhedi esisigxina ye-reactor ye-tubular. ixhotyiswe nge-nanometer solid catalyst exhaswayo) kwimveliso eqhubekayo kwi-250-300 ℃ kunye noxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric. Isivuno se-DMA singaphezulu kwama-96%.

Indlela yokusulungekisa: ihlala iqulethe i-aniline, i-N-methyl aniline kunye nobunye ukungcola. Ngexesha lokusulungekiswa, i-N, i-N-dimethylaniline inyibilika kwi-40% ye-asidi ye-sulfuric kunye ne-distillation yomphunga iyenziwa. I-sodium hydroxide yongezwa ukuze ibe sisiseko. I-distillation yomphunga iyaqhubeka. I-distillate ihlukaniswe ibe ngumgangatho wamanzi kwaye yomiswe nge-potassium hydroxide. I-distillation kuxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric kubukho be-acetic anhydride. I-distillate ihlanjwe ngamanzi ukuze isuse amanani e-acetic anhydride, emva koko yomiswa nge-potassium hydroxide, ilandelwa yi-barium oxide kunye ne-distillation edibeneyo kwi-nitrogen stream. Ezinye iindlela zokucokisa ziquka ukongeza i-10% ye-acetic anhydride kunye ne-reflux kwiiyure ezininzi ukususa ii-amine eziphambili kunye nesekondari. Emva kokupholisa, yongeza i-20% ye-hydrochloric acid engaphezulu kwaye ukhuphe nge-ether. Uluhlu lwe-hydrochloric acid lwenziwa i-alkaline ngokudibanisa i-alkali, kwaye emva koko ikhutshwe nge-ether. I-ether layer yomiswa nge-potassium hydroxide kwaye emva koko i-distilled phantsi koxinzelelo phantsi kwe-nitrogen. I-N, i-N-dimethylaniline ingaphinda iguqulwe ibe yi-picronate, iphinde ihlaziywe kwindawo yokunyibilika rhoqo kunye ne-10% efudumeleyo ye-sodium hydroxide isisombululo samanzi sokubola i-picronate. Khupha nge-ether, hlamba ngamanzi kwaye wome emva kwe-vacuum distillation.

5. I-Aniline, i-methanol kunye ne-asidi ye-sulfuric ixutywe ngokulinganayo kwaye ifakwe kwi-autoclave. Emva kokuba imveliso yokusabela ifunyenwe ngokukhululeka koxinzelelo, i-alkali yongezwa ukwenzela ukungathathi hlangothi, ukwahlukana, kwaye ke imveliso ifunyenwe nge-vacuum distillation.

6. I-methylation reaction ye-aniline kunye ne-trimethyl phosphate inokuvelisa i-N, i-N-dimethylaniline: emva koko ikhutshwe nge-ether, i-distillation eyomileyo.

7. I-N, i-N-dimethylaniline inokudityaniswa ngokudibanisa umxube we-aniline kunye ne-methanol kwi-1∶ 3.5 kwi-catalytic bed ye-Cu-Mn okanye i-Cu-Zn-Cr Ziegler catalyst kwi-280℃. Isiphumo se-N, i-N-dimethylaniline iqokelelwa kwiyunithi ye-distillation yeepleyiti ezingama-54 kuluhlu lwe-193 ukuya kwi-195℃ kwaye ifakwe kwiibhotile zeglasi ezimdaka. Ukulungiselela chromatography esulungekileyo N, N-dimethylaniline, initrogen inokuba irhasi ethwele, kulungiselelo lwerhasi chromatography kunye Ben 犅 yaku ikholamu injected ukulungiswa N, N-dimethylaniline, ngokusebenzisa yokwahlulwa kunye ingqokelela main icandelo incopho iqhezu, kwaye ke kwiglasi ampoule itywina inokuba.

Injongo ephambili

1. Enye yezinto ezisisiseko zokwenziwa kwedayi yesiseko setyuwa (idayi ze-triphenyl methane, njl. njl.) kunye nedayi ezisisiseko, iindidi eziphambili zi-alkaline eqaqambileyo etyheli, i-alkaline purple 5GN, i-alkaline eluhlaza, i-alkaline yechibi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-5GN ebomvu eqaqambileyo, blue brilliant, etc. N, N-dimethylaniline kwishishini lamachiza ukwenzela ukwenziwa kwe-cephalosporin V, sulfamilamide B-methoxymidine, sulfamilamide dimethoxymidine, fluorouracil, njl., kwishishini levumba lokwenziwa kwe-vanillin, njl. njl. 2. Isetyenziswa njenge i-solvent, i-metal preservative, i-agent ephilisayo ye-epoxy resin, i-accelerator yokunyanga i-polyester resin, i-catalyst ye-polymerization ye-ethylene compounds, njl. 3. Le mveliso isetyenziswa njenge-catalyst yokwenza iiplastiki ze-polyurethane foam kunye ne-organic tin compounds. Ikwasetyenziswa njengerabha vulcanization accelerator, iziqhushumbisi, amayeza imathiriyeli ekrwada. Ngenye yezinto ezisisiseko zokuveliswa kweedayi ezisekelwe kwisiseko (i-triphenyl methane dyes, njl.) kunye nedayi ezisisiseko. Iindidi eziphambili zisisiseko eziqaqambileyo tyheli, ezisisiseko ezimfusa BN, ezisisiseko eluhlaza, esisiseko echibini blue, brilliant ebomvu 5GN, brilliant blue, njalo njalo N, N-dimethylaniline kushishino amayeza ukwenza cephalosporin V, sulfamilamide N- methoxymidine, sulfamilamide - i-dimethoxymidine, i-fluorouracil, njl., kwishishini levumba lokwenziwa kwe-vanillin, njl. Inokusetyenziswa kwakhona njenge-solvent, i-catalyst ye-polymerization ye-ethylene compounds, i-metal preservative, i-ultraviolet absorber ye-cosmetics, i-sensitizer yokukhanya, njl. iidayi ezinyibilikayo kunye neziqholo (i-vanillin) kunye nezinye izinto eziluhlaza. 5. I-Reagent esetyenziselwa ukuzimisela kwe-photometric ye-nitrite. Ikwasetyenziswa njenge-solvent kunye ne-organic synthesis. 6. Isetyenziswe njengedayi ephakathi, i-solvent, i-stabilizer, i-reagent yohlalutyo.