Ikwaziwa nangokuthi yi-dimethylaniline, ulwelo olunamafutha olungenambala ukuya kolukhanyayo, ivumba elicaphukisayo, emoyeni okanye phantsi kwelanga, kulula ukusebenzisa i-oxidation. I-Ze iba nzulu. Uxinano oluhambelanayo (20℃/4℃) 0.9555, inqanaba lokukhenkceza 2.0℃, inqanaba lokubila 193℃, inqanaba lokutsha (ukuvula) 77℃, inqanaba lokutsha 317℃, i-viscosity (25℃) 1.528 MPa ·s, i-refractive index (N20D) 1.5584. Inyibilika kwi-ethanol, i-ether, i-chloroform, i-benzene kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi ze-organic. Inganyibilika iintlobo ngeentlobo zeekhompawundi ze-organic. Inyibilika kancinci emanzini. Inokutsha, iya kutsha emlilweni ovulekileyo, umphunga kunye nomoya ukuze yenze umxube oqhumayo, umda oqhumayo we-1.2% ~ 7.0% (vol). Ityhefu ephezulu, ukubola okuphezulu kobushushu kokukhululwa kwegesi ye-aniline enetyhefu. Ingafunxwa ngesikhumba kwaye inetyhefu, i-LD501410mg/kg, uxinaniso oluphezulu oluvumelekileyo emoyeni yi-5mg/m3.

Iindlela zokugcina

1. Amanqaku Okugcina [25] Gcina kwindawo yokugcina izinto epholileyo, enomoya opholileyo. Gcina kude nomlilo nobushushu. Gcina isikhongozeli sivaliwe. Kufuneka sigcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwii-asidi, ii-halogens kunye neekhemikhali zokutya, kwaye akufuneki zixutywe. Xhobisa ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobungakanani bezixhobo zokulwa nomlilo. Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo oluvuzayo kunye nezixhobo zokugcina ezifanelekileyo.

2. Ivalwe kwidrama yentsimbi, i-180kg ngebhereli. Gcina kwindawo epholileyo nengena umoya. Gcina kwaye uthuthe ngokwemigaqo yezinto ezitshayo nezinobungozi

Iindlela zokwenziwa

1. Nge-aniline kunye ne-methanol xa kukho i-sulfuric acid, ngokusebenzisa ubushushu obuphezulu kunye ne-hypertension reaction. Ukuhamba kwenkqubo: 1. Yongeza i-790kg ye-aniline, i-625kg ye-methanol kunye ne-85kg ye-sulfuric acid (i-100% ye-ammonium) kwi-reactor, lawula ubushushu obuyi-210-215℃ kunye noxinzelelo lwe-3.1MPa, phendula iiyure ezi-4, uze ukhulule uxinzelelo, ukhuphe izinto kwi-separator, unciphise nge-30% ye-sodium hydroxide, yima, kwaye wahlukanise ityuwa ye-quaternary ammonium esezantsi. Emva koko i-hydrolysis reaction kwi-160℃, i-0.7-0.9MPa iiyure ezi-3, i-hydrolysate ephumayo kunye neoyile ephezulu zadityaniswa nokuhlanjwa ngamanzi kunye ne-vacuum distillation ukuze kufumaneke imveliso egqityiweyo.

2, ene-methanol kunye ne-aniline njengezinto ezikrwada, phantsi kwemeko ye-methanol egqithisileyo, uxinzelelo lomoya, 200-250℃, ngokusebenzisa i-alumina catalyst synthesis. Isabelo sokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikrwada: i-aniline 790kg/t, i-methanol 625kg/t, i-sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Ulungiselelo lwelabhoratri lunokusabela kwi-aniline kunye ne-trimethyl phosphate.

3. I-aniline exutyiweyo kunye ne-methanol (i-aniline ye-N: i-N methanol ≈ 1:3) kwaye ifakwe kwi-reactor exhotyiswe nge-catalyst kwisantya sesithuba se-0.5h-1 ngepompo yokulinganisa engajikeleziyo. Ukungcola kwe-reaction kuqala kungena kwi-glass gas-liquid separator, kwaye ulwelo oluqokelelwe kwinxalenye esezantsi ye-separator lukhutshwa rhoqo ukuze luhlalutywe nge-chromatographic.

4. Ngowama-2001, iYunivesithi yaseNankai kunye neTianjin Ruikai Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd badibanisene baphuhlise i-aniline methylation catalyst esebenza kakuhle kakhulu ukuze kufezekiswe ukwenziwa kwe-gas phase ye-N, N-dimethylaniline. Le nkqubo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Emva kokuba i-aniline engamanzi ixutywe ne-methanol ngomlinganiselo, iyafuthwa kwi-vaporization tower ize ingeniswe kwi-tubular reactor enesantya sesithuba se-0.5-1.0h-1 (ibhedi esisigxina ye-tubular reactor ifakwe i-nanometer solid catalyst exhaswayo) ukuze iqhubeke nokuveliswa kwi-250-300℃ kunye noxinzelelo lomoya. Isivuno se-DMA singaphezulu kwe-96%.

Indlela yokucokisa: idla ngokuba ne-aniline, i-N-methyl aniline kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo. Ngexesha lokucokisa, i-N, i-N-dimethylaniline iyanyibilika kwi-40% ye-sulfuric acid kwaye kwenziwa i-steam distillation. I-sodium hydroxide yongezwa ukuze ibe lula. I-steam distillation iyaqhubeka. I-distillate yahlulwe ibe ngumaleko wamanzi kwaye yomiswe nge-potassium hydroxide. I-distillation kuxinzelelo lomoya xa kukho i-acetic anhydride. I-distillate yahlanjwa ngamanzi ukususa izixa ezincinci ze-acetic anhydride, emva koko yomiswa nge-potassium hydroxide, ilandelwe yi-barium oxide kunye ne-decompressed distillation kumjelo we-nitrogen. Ezinye iindlela zokucokisa ziquka ukongeza i-10% ye-acetic anhydride kunye ne-reflux iiyure ezininzi ukususa ii-amine eziphambili nezesibini. Emva kokupholisa, yongeza i-20% ye-hydrochloric acid engaphezulu kwaye ukhuphe nge-ether. Umaleko we-hydrochloric acid wenziwa i-alkaline ngokongeza i-alkali, uze ukhuphe nge-ether. Umaleko we-ether womiswe nge-potassium hydroxide uze ucocwe phantsi koxinzelelo phantsi kwe-nitrogen. I-N, i-N-dimethylaniline ingaguqulwa ibe yi-picronate, iphinde iphindwe ibe yindawo yokunyibilika engaguqukiyo ngesisombululo samanzi se-10% sodium hydroxide ukuze ibole i-picronate. Yikhuphe nge-ether, uyihlambe ngamanzi uze uyomise emva kokucoca nge-vacuum.

5. I-Aniline, i-methanol kunye ne-sulfuric acid zixutywa ngokulinganayo kwaye zifakwe kwi-autoclave. Emva kokuba imveliso yokusabela ifunyenwe ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo, kongezwa i-alkali ukuze ingabi nafuthe, yahlulwe, ize emva koko imveliso ifunyanwe nge-vacuum distillation.

6. I-methylation reaction ye-aniline kunye ne-trimethyl phosphate inokuvelisa i-N, i-N-dimethylaniline: emva koko ikhutshwe nge-ether, i-distillation eyomileyo.

7. I-N, i-N-dimethylaniline inokwenziwa ngokongeza umxube we-aniline kunye ne-methanol kumlinganiselo we-1∶ 3.5 kwi-catalytic bed ye-Cu-Mn okanye i-Cu-Zn-Cr Ziegler catalyst kwi-280℃. I-N, i-N-dimethylaniline ephumayo iqokelelwa kwiyunithi ye-distillation yeeplates ezingama-54 kuluhlu lwe-193 ukuya kwi-195℃ kwaye ipakishwe kwiibhotile zeglasi ezimdaka. Ukulungiselela i-chromatography i-N, i-N-dimethylaniline ecocekileyo, i-nitrogen inokuba yigesi ethwalayo, ekulungiseleleni i-chromatography yegesi kunye nekholamu ye-Ben 犅 yaku ijojowe ukulungiswa kwe-N, i-N-dimethylaniline, ngokwahlula kunye nokuqokelelwa kwenxalenye ephambili ye-peak fraction, kwaye emva koko kwi-glass ampoule seal inokuba.

Injongo ephambili

1. Enye yezinto ezisisiseko zokwenza iidayi zetyuwa (iidayi ze-triphenyl methane, njl.njl.) kunye needayi ezisisiseko, iintlobo eziphambili ze-alkaline bright yellow, i-alkaline purple 5GN, i-alkaline green, i-alkaline lake blue, i-brilliant red 5GN, i-brilliant blue, njl.njl. I-N, i-N-dimethylaniline kwishishini leyeza lokuvelisa i-cephalosporin V, i-sulfamilamide B-methoxymidine, i-sulfamilamide dimethoxymidine, i-fluorouracil, njl.njl., kwishishini levumba lokuvelisa i-vanillin, njl.njl. 2. Isetyenziswa njengesinyibilikisi, isigcini sesinyithi, iarhente yokulungisa i-epoxy resin, i-accelerator yokulungisa i-polyester resin, i-catalyst yokulungisa i-polymerization yeekhompawundi ze-ethylene, njl.njl. Ikwasetyenziswa ekulungiseleleni iidayi ze-triphenyl methane ezisisiseko, iidayi ze-azo kunye ne-vanillin. 3. Le mveliso isetyenziswa njenge-catalyst yokwenza iiplastiki ze-polyurethane foam ngeekhompawundi ze-organic tin. Ikwasetyenziswa njenge-raber vulcanization accelerator, ii-explosives, izinto eziluhlaza zamayeza. Yenye yezinto ezisisiseko zokwenza iidayi ezisekelwe kwisiseko (iidayi ze-triphenyl methane, njl.njl.) kunye needayi ezisisiseko. Iindidi eziphambili zezi: umthubi okhanyayo, umbala omfusa we-BN, umbala oluhlaza wesiseko, umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesiseko, umbala obomvu we-5GN, umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wesiseko, njl.njl. I-N, i-N-dimethylaniline kwishishini leyeza lokuvelisa i-cephalosporin V, i-sulfamilamide N-methoxymidine, i-sulfamilamide – dimethoxymidine, i-fluorouracil, njl.njl., kwishishini levumba elimnandi lokuvelisa i-vanillin, njl.njl. 4. Isetyenziswa njenge-accelerator yokulungisa i-epoxy resin, i-polyester resin kunye ne-anaerobic adhesive, ukuze i-anaerobic adhesive inyangeke ngokukhawuleza. Ingasetyenziswa njenge-solvent, i-catalyst yokwenza i-polymerization yee-ethylene compounds, i-metal preservative, i-ultraviolet absorber ye-cosmetics, i-light sensitizer, njl.njl. Ikwasetyenziswa ekwenzeni iidayi ezisisiseko, iidayi ezisasazekileyo, iidayi ze-asidi, iidayi ezinyibilikayo zeoyile kunye neziqholo (i-vanillin) kunye nezinye izinto eziluhlaza. 5. I-reagent esetyenziselwa ukumisela i-nitrite nge-photometric. Ikwasetyenziswa njengesinyibilikisi nakwi-organic synthesis. 6. Isetyenziswa njenge-dye intermediate, solvent, stabilizer, analytical reagent.