Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amazwe ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela, ingakumbi amazwe aphuhlileyo kwezoshishino, aye ajonga uphuhliso lweemveliso zeekhemikhali ezintle njengenye yeendlela eziphambili zophuhliso lokuphucula nokulungisa ulwakhiwo lweemveliso zeekhemikhali zemveli, kwaye amashishini abo eekhemikhali aphuhlile kwicala "lokwahlukahluka" kunye "nokuphucula". Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo loqoqosho lwentlalo, imfuno yabantu yezixhobo ze-elektroniki, iimoto, ishishini loomatshini, izixhobo zokwakha ezintsha, amandla amatsha kunye nezixhobo ezintsha zokukhusela okusingqongileyo ziya kwanda ngakumbi. Iikhemikhali ze-elektroniki kunye nolwazi, iikhemikhali zobunjineli bomphezulu, iikhemikhali zamayeza, njl. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo, imakethi yeekhemikhali ezintle zehlabathi iya kugcina izinga lokukhula ngokukhawuleza kuneshishini leekhemikhali zemveli.
*Iikhemikhali ezintle
Iikhemikhali ezintle zibhekisa kwiikhemikhali ezinobunzima obuphezulu bobuchwephesha, ixabiso elongezelelweyo eliphezulu kunye nobunyulu obuphezulu obunokuphucula okanye ukunika imveliso (uhlobo) imisebenzi ethile okanye ibe nemisebenzi ethile ekuvelisweni nasekusetyenzisweni kweebhetshi ezincinci, kwaye ziikhemikhali ezisisiseko ngakumbi. Imveliso yokucubungula okunzulu.
Ngo-1986, iSebe langaphambili leMicimbi yezeKhemikhali lahlulahlula iimveliso zeekhemikhali ezintle kwiindidi ezili-11: (1) izibulali-zinambuzane; (2) iidayi; (3) iingubo (kubandakanya iipeyinti kunye nee-inki); (4) ii-pigment; (5) ii-reagents kunye nezinto ezicocekileyo kakhulu (6) Iikhemikhali zolwazi (kubandakanya izinto ezibona ukukhanya, izinto zemagnethi kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezinokufumana amaza e-electromagnetic); (7) Izongezo zokutya nezokutya; (8) Izincamathelisi; (9) IiCatalysts kunye nezongezo ezahlukeneyo; (10) Iikhemikhali (izinto eziluhlaza) kunye neekhemikhali zemihla ngemihla (eziveliswa yinkqubo yeekhemikhali); (11) Izinto zepolymer ezisebenzayo kwiipolymer zepolymer (kubandakanya iifilimu ezisebenzayo, izinto ezidibanisayo, njl.njl.). Ngophuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezintle kuya kuqhubeka nokukhula, kwaye iindidi ezintsha ziya kuqhubeka nokwanda.
Iikhemikhali ezintle zineempawu ezilandelayo:
(1) Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo
Kukho iindidi ezingama-40-50 zeekhemikhali ezintle kwihlabathi liphela, ezineentlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100,000. Iikhemikhali ezintle zisetyenziswa kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bemihla ngemihla, ezinje ngamayeza, iidayi, izibulali-zinambuzane, iingubo, izinto zemihla ngemihla zeekhemikhali, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, iikhemikhali zephepha, ii-inki, izongezo zokutya, izongezo zokutya, unyango lwamanzi, njl.njl., kunye nakwi-aerospace, i-biotechnology, iteknoloji yolwazi, izixhobo ezintsha, iteknoloji yamandla amatsha, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nezinye izicelo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
(2) Itekhnoloji yemveliso entsonkothileyo
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeekhemikhali ezintle, kwaye imveliso efanayo ephakathi inokwandiswa iye kwiintlobo ngeentlobo okanye kwaneentlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso eziphumayo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Inkqubo yemveliso iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye iyatshintshatshintsha, kwaye iteknoloji iyinkimbinkimbi. Zonke iintlobo zeemveliso zeekhemikhali ezintle kufuneka ziphuhliswe elebhu, uvavanyo oluncinci, uvavanyo lovavanyo oluvela kwilinge, emva koko ziye kwimveliso enkulu. Zikwafuneka zihlaziywe okanye ziphuculwe ngexesha ngokweemfuno zabathengi abasezantsi. Iimfuno zozinzo lomgangatho wemveliso ziphezulu, kwaye inkampani kufuneka ivelise. Ukuphucula ngokuqhubekayo inkqubo kunye nokuqokelela amava kwinkqubo. Ke ngoko, uphuhliso oluvelayo lweemveliso zeekhemikhali ezintle kwiicandelo, ukuqokelelana kwamava kwiinkqubo zemveliso kunye nokukwazi ukwenza izinto ezintsha zezona zinto ziphambili zokukhuphisana kweshishini leekhemikhali ezintle.
(3) Ixabiso eliphezulu leemveliso
Inkqubo yemveliso ebandakanyeka kwiimveliso zeekhemikhali ezintle inde kakhulu kwaye ifuna imisebenzi emininzi yeeyunithi ezininzi. Inkqubo yokuvelisa iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Inkqubo yemveliso ihlangabezana neemeko zokusabela ezithambileyo, indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo, kunye neempendulo ezithile zeekhemikhali ukuze kufezekiswe iikhemikhali Ukwahlula okulula kunye nemveliso ephezulu kufuna ubuchwepheshe benkqubo ephezulu kunye nezixhobo zokusabela. Ke ngoko, iimveliso zeekhemikhali ezintle ngokubanzi zinexabiso elongezelelweyo eliphezulu.
(4) Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso ezidityanisiweyo
Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, iikhemikhali ezintle zibonakala njengemisebenzi epheleleyo yeemveliso. Oku kufuna ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali ekuhlanganisweni kweekhemikhali, kunye nokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo intsebenziswano yokusebenzisana kweekhemikhali ezintle nezinye iikhompawundi ekuvelisweni kweefom zedosi. Kukho iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso zeekhemikhali ezintle kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, kwaye kunzima ukuba imveliso enye ihlangabezane neemfuno zemveliso okanye zokusetyenziswa. Thatha ishishini lokunyanga amanzi apho inkampani ikhoyo njengomzekelo. Iikhemikhali ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenziswa kweli candelo ziquka iifungicides kunye ne-algaecides, ii-Scale agents, ii-corrosion inhibitors, ii-flocculants, njl.njl., kwaye ii-chemical agents zenjongo nganye zinokudityaniswa zii-chemical agents ezininzi.
(5) Le mveliso inoburhabaxa obuphezulu kubathengi abasezantsi komlambo
Iimveliso zeekhemikhali ezintle zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezithile zenkqubo yemveliso yemizi-mveliso okanye ukufezekisa imisebenzi ethile yeemveliso ezisezantsi. Ke ngoko, abasebenzisi baneemfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho wemveliso kunye nozinzo, kwaye inkqubo yokukhetha ababoneleli kunye nemigangatho ingqongqo ngakumbi. Nje ukuba ifakwe kuluhlu lwababoneleli, ayizukutshintshwa lula.