Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amazwe ahlukeneyo ehlabathi, ngakumbi amazwe ahambele phambili kwezoshishino, aluthathele ingqalelo uphuhliso lweemveliso zemichiza emihle njengenye yeendlela eziphambili zokuphuhlisa ukuphuculwa kwesakhiwo kunye nohlengahlengiso lwamashishini ekhemikhali emveli, kwaye imizi-mveliso yawo yeekhemikhali iphuhliswe kwicala lendlela. "yokuhlukahlukana" kunye "nokucokisa". Ngophuhliso olongezelelweyo loqoqosho lwentlalo, imfuno yabantu yombane, iimoto, ishishini loomatshini, izinto ezintsha zokwakha, amandla amatsha kunye nezixhobo ezintsha zokusingqongileyo ziya kunyuka ngakumbi. I-Electronics kunye neekhemikhali zolwazi, iikhemikhali zobunjineli bomphezulu, iikhemikhali zamachiza, njl.njl. Ngophuhliso olongezelelweyo, imarike yeekhemikhali ezilungileyo zehlabathi iya kugcina isantya sokukhula esikhawulezayo kuneshishini lemichiza eqhelekileyo.
*Iikhemikhali ezilungileyo
Iikhemikhali ezicolekileyo zibhekisa kwiikhemikhali ezinoxinano oluphezulu lobugcisa, ixabiso elongezelelweyo eliphezulu kunye nokusulungeka okuphezulu okunokuphucula okanye ukunika imveliso (uhlobo) ngemisebenzi ethile okanye ibe nemisebenzi ethile kwimveliso yeebhetshi ezincinci kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo, kwaye iyimichiza engaphezulu esisiseko. Imveliso yenkqubo enzulu.
Ngowe-1986, iSebe elalisakuba liSebe Loshishino Lwemichiza lahlulahlula iimveliso zemichiza ezintle zaziindidi ezili-11: (1) izibulali-zinambuzane; (2) iidayi; (3) iingubo zokwaleka (kuquka iipeyinti nee-inki); (4) ii-pigments; (5) ii-reagents kunye nezinto ezicoceke kakhulu (6) Iikhemikhali zolwazi (kuquka izinto ezibonisa ukukhanya, imathiriyeli kazibuthe kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezinokufumana amaza ombane); (7) Ukutya kunye nezongezo zokutya; (8) Izinto zokuncamathelisa; (9) Ii-Catalysts kunye nezongezelelo ezahlukeneyo; ( 10 ) Iikhemikhali (izinto eziphathekayo) kunye neekhemikhali zemihla ngemihla (eziveliswa yinkqubo yeekhemikhali); (11) Izinto ezisebenzayo zepolymer kwiipolymers (kubandakanywa neefilimu ezisebenzayo, izinto zokupholisa, njl.). Ngophuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe, uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemichiza emihle kuya kuqhubeka ukwanda, kwaye iindidi ezintsha ziya kuqhubeka zikhula.
Iikhemikhali ezintle zinezi mpawu zilandelayo:
(1) Uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso kunye noluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo
Kukho iindidi ezingama-40-50 zeekhemikhali ezilungileyo kumazwe ngamazwe, ezineentlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100,000. Iikhemikhali ezintle zisetyenziswa kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bemihla ngemihla, njengamayeza, idayi, izitshabalalisi, ukutyabeka, iimpahla zemichiza yemihla ngemihla, izinto zombane, iikhemikhali zamaphepha, ii-inki, izongezo zokutya, izongezo zokutya, ukucocwa kwamanzi, njl. njl., nakwi-aerospace. , i-biotechnology, iteknoloji yoLwazi, izinto ezintsha, iteknoloji entsha yamandla, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nezinye izicelo eziphezulu zobugcisa zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
(2) Itekhnoloji yemveliso entsonkothileyo
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeekhemikhali ezintle, kwaye imveliso efanayo ephakathi inokwandiswa ukuya kwiintlobo ezininzi okanye nakwishumi lezinto eziphuma kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Inkqubo yokuvelisa iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye iyaguquka, kwaye iteknoloji inzima. Zonke iintlobo zeemveliso zeekhemikhali ezilungileyo kufuneka ziphuhliswe ngelebhu, uvavanyo oluncinci, uvavanyo lokulinga kwaye emva koko ziye kwimveliso enkulu. Kwakhona kufuneka zihlaziywe okanye ziphuculwe ngexesha ngokweenguqu kwiimfuno zabathengi abasezantsi. Iimfuno zokuzinza komgangatho wemveliso ziphezulu, kwaye inkampani kufuneka ivelise Ngokuqhubekayo ukuphucula inkqubo kwaye iqokelele amava kwinkqubo. Ke ngoko, uphuhliso oluphuma kwimveliso yeekhemikhali ezilungileyo kulwahlulo, ukuqokelelwa kwamava kwiinkqubo zemveliso kunye nokukwazi ukusungula izinto ezintsha kukhuphiswano olungundoqo lweshishini lemichiza elungileyo.
(3) Ixabiso eliphezulu elongezelelweyo leemveliso
Inkqubo yemveliso ebandakanyekayo kwiimveliso zeekhemikhali ezintle inde kwaye ifuna imisebenzi emininzi yeeyunithi. Inkqubo yokuvelisa inzima kakhulu. Inkqubo yemveliso ihlangabezana neemeko zokusabela okuthambileyo, indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo, kunye neempendulo ezithile zeekhemikhali ukuphumeza ulwahlulo lwekhemikhali olulula kunye nemveliso ephezulu yemveliso ifuna iteknoloji yenkqubo ephezulu kunye nezixhobo zokusabela. Ke ngoko, iimveliso ezintle zeekhemikhali zinexabiso eliphezulu elongezelelweyo.
(4) Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso ezihlanganisiweyo
Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, iikhemikhali ezintle zibonakala njengemisebenzi ebanzi yeemveliso. Oku kufuna ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo zeekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo kwi-chemical synthesis, kunye nokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo intsebenziswano ye-synergistic yeekhemikhali ezintle kunye nezinye iikhompawundi kwimveliso yeefom zedosi. Kukho iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso zeekhemikhali ezilungileyo kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, kwaye kunzima kwimveliso enye ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso okanye ukusetyenziswa. Thatha imboni yokucoca amanzi apho inkampani ikhona njengomzekelo. Iikhemikhali ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenziswa kule ntsimi ziquka ii-fungicides kunye ne-algaecides, i-Scale agents, i-corrosion inhibitors, i-flocculants, njl.
(5) Imveliso ine-viscosity ephezulu kubathengi abasezantsi
Iimveliso zeekhemikhali ezilungileyo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezithile zenkqubo yokuvelisa ishishini okanye ukuphumeza imisebenzi ethile yeemveliso ezisezantsi. Ke ngoko, abasebenzisi baneemfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuzinza, kwaye inkqubo yokukhetha umthengisi kunye nemigangatho ingqongqo. Nje ukuba kufakwe uluhlu lwababoneleli, Ayizukutshintshwa lula.