NgoSeptemba, ishishini lokuprinta nokufaka idayi lasekhaya lingene kwixesha lesiqhelo le-"golden nine and silver ten". Iqhutywa kukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza ezinyukayo kunye nemfuno enamandla evela kumashishini asezantsi afana neshishini lempahla yelaphu, imakethi yedayi esasazekileyo iqalile ukuphinda ibuye, amaxabiso enyuka ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti aze aphinde anyuke ngoSeptemba. Iinkampani ezininzi zedayi zityhile ukuba zisecaleni lokunyusa amaxabiso azo.

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ngomgangatho ophezulu kunye nexabiso kwaye wamkelekile ukubonisana.

Ngokutsho komthombo, inkampani ephambili yedayi, inkampani ye-mit-ivy industry, ngoku inika i-32,000 yuan ngetoni nganye kwiidayi ezinkulu ezisasazekileyo, ukusuka kwixabiso eliphantsi le-22,000 yuan kwisiqingatha sokuqala salo nyaka. Kukho uluvo oluqhelekileyo kushishino lokuba ijelo lexabiso eliphakamileyo kwimarike yedayi livuliwe.

Kuqikelelwa ukuba kwikota yesine ka-2020, nangona imfuno kwimarike yedayi ingekho ngcono kunakwiminyaka edlulileyo, kulindeleke ukuba iphucuke kakhulu xa ithelekiswa neekota ezintathu zokuqala. Njengoko ubhubhane uqhubeka uphucuka, ii-odolo ezivela kwiifektri zokuprinta nezokudaya ziya kwanda, kwaye umkhwa kukuba iifektri zokuprinta nezokudaya zizalise uluhlu lwazo lwezinto kwaye zithenge xa ​​zifunwa.

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sikaSeptemba, imvelaphi ephambili yaseZhejiang naseJiangsu yasasaza i-black ECT300% yemarike ebanzi malunga ne-32 yuan/kg, ingxoxo yokwenyani enye kwi-27-28 yuan/kg; ummandla waseGuangdong, eFujian, uzakuxoxa ngexabiso le-32 yuan/kg kufutshane.

Amashishini amaninzi eedayi abonise ukuba ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso e-core intermediate yedayi, ixabiso leentlobo eziphambili zedayi ezisasazekileyo linyukile laya kwi-32,000 yuan/ton, kodwa ixabiso lentengiselwano alikafiki, ikakhulu kuba ii-odolo ezindala kufuneka zenziwe ngokwexabiso langaphambili. Nangona kukho ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, xa kuthelekiswa nomjikelo wembali, ixabiso ukususela ekuqaleni konyaka ukuya kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka likwinqanaba eliphantsi kwiminyaka emibini okanye emithathu edlulileyo, ngoko ke emva kwezihlandlo ezininzi zokunyuka kwamaxabiso, ixabiso ngoku likwinqanaba eliphakathi kuphela. Amaxabiso aphantsi alo nyaka aphakathi kwe-22,000 kunye ne-23,000 ngexabiso lentengiselwano ngetoni nganye.

Okwangoku, abavelisi basekhaya kuphela abavelisa ii-IED yiMit-ivy Industry company kunye ne-east ivy chemical company, kwaye inkampani ye-east ivy chemical kufuneka iyeke ukuvelisa ngoJulayi ngenxa yeengxaki zolawulo lokhuseleko, kwaye igqibezele ukulungiswa nokwamkelwa ngaphambi komhla we-9 ka-Okthobha. Emva koko iqalise ukuvelisa emva kokuba kuvunyelwene, yiMit-ivy Industry Company kuphela, evelisa i-dye intermediate meso-phenylenediamine, ephethe ngaphezulu kwe-99% yesabelo semarike, nto leyo ebangela ukunqongophala kobonelelo lwemarike.

Ukususela ngoJulayi kulo nyaka, ixabiso le-M-Phenylenediamine linyuke laya kwi-70,000 yuan ngetoni, okanye ngaphezulu kwe-15%. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ixabiso le-M-Phenylenediamine ngetoni lifikelele kwi-150,000 yuan, kwaye kubonakala ngathi kukho indawo yokunyuka kwamaxabiso.

Ngoku, njengoko imfuno ephantsi ibuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kwaye amaxabiso ezinto ezisetyenziswa phezulu ezifana ne-is-phenylenediamine, i-cobalt chloride kunye ne-cobalt sulfate enyuka, iindleko ezikhulayo zikhuthaze abavelisi beedayi abaninzi ukuba baphakamise amaxabiso abo. Amaxabiso edayi ezisasazekileyo ngoku akwinqanaba eliphezulu, kodwa asekwinqanaba eliphantsi ukuya kweliphakathi xa kuthelekiswa namaxabiso angaphambili. Umgaqo-nkqubo wokulungiswa kwamaxabiso wamashishini aphezulu unokubangela ukuba abathengisi bazalise uluhlu lwezinto okanye bagcine izinto kwangaphambili.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba, ngokutsho komthombo, inkampani yamachiza i-East ivy, umthengisi omkhulu we-mesophenylenediamine eTshayina enomthamo wonyaka weetoni ezili-15,000, iqalise kwakhona ukuvelisa ekupheleni kukaMeyi kulo nyaka kwaye kutshanje iyeke ukuvelisa. Isizathu kukuba inkampani yamachiza i-East ivy ifunyenwe ineengxaki ezinkulu kulawulo lokhuseleko, utyalo-mali lokhuseleko kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi kunye nemfundo ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwe-"Casting Safety 2020" kwiphondo laseSichuan, kwaye yacelwa ukuba iyeke ukuvelisa ngoJulayi kwaye igqibezele ukulungiswa kunye nokwamkelwa ngaphambi komhla wesi-9 ku-Okthobha. Ukuqaliswa kwakhona kwemveliso kubangele inkxalabo malunga nokuzinza kokunikezelwa kwe-mesophenylenediamine.

Iiodolo ezivela kwiifektri zokudaya nokushicilela ezisezantsi zisele zilungile, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwezinto eziluhlaza kuyakhula, nto leyo ebabangela ukuba bazalise izitokhwe zabo ngaphandle kokwenza njalo. Kwaye emva kokunyuka kwamaxabiso amabini ngo-Agasti nangoSeptemba, abathengi abasezantsi baya kuba noloyiko lokuba ixabiso liya kuqhubeka linyuka, ngoko ke ngeli xesha baya kuya kutshixa inxalenye yobonelelo lwezinto eziluhlaza ezisemva kwexesha, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni injongo yokuthenga kutshanje iphucuke.

Ingxelo yeshishini le-mit-ivy, Okwangoku, iTshayina yeyona mveliso inkulu yeedayi, amashishini edayi agxile kakhulu eZhejiang, eJiangsu naseShanghai, imvelaphi emithathu ephambili, imveliso yayo kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kweedayi kubalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-90% yomthamo wemarike yesizwe. Abavelisi abaphambili yiMit-ivy Industry Company, iRuntu, iYabang, iJihua Group, iAnocy, njl.njl., abanelungelo lokuthetha kwimarike.

whatsapp: +86 13805212761 = wechat

http://www.mit-ivy.com

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Ngomgangatho ophezulu kunye nexabiso kwaye wamkelekile ukubonisana.

Njengenye yeenkampani eziphambili ezingama-500 zokuvelisa eTshayina, iMit-ivy Industry Company inomthamo wokuvelisa iitoni ezingama-300,000 zeedayi kunye neetoni ezili-100,000 zezongezo ngonyaka, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe ngumvelisi omkhulu wedayi kwihlabathi. Ngomthamo wokuvelisa iitoni ezingama-80,000 kunye neetoni eziphantse zibe ngama-20,000 zezinye iidayi, inesabelo sesibini ngobukhulu kwimarike yedayi yasekhaya. I-Jihua Group, ekwindawo yesithathu kushishino ngokwemveliso yeedayi ezisasazekileyo, okwangoku inomthamo weetoni ezingama-70,000 zeedayi ezisasazekileyo, iitoni ezili-15,000 zeedayi ezisabelayo kunye neetoni ezili-10,000 zezinye iidayi.

Ngokutsho kohlalutyo lwe-Inner Mongolia Chemical Industry WeChat, ixabiso ledayi ezisasazekileyo likwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, ngelixa iidayi ezisabelayo zikwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu kwiminyaka eli-10 edlulileyo. Njengoko uninzi lweenkampani zedayi zisecaleni lokulahlekelwa, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso yeyona ndlela yokuzisindisa. Kwixesha elizayo, kusekho indawo yokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwimarike yedayi ezisasazekileyo, kwaye amashishini okuprinta nokudaya ayacetyiswa ukuba agcine imali efunekayo kwangaphambili.

Izakhiwo zobunjineli bokukhusela okusingqongileyo, umbandela wokusinda nophuhliso

Iinkampani zokudaya nokuprinta kufuneka zikhethe ubuchwepheshe obufanelekileyo

Ukususwa kwe-COD enzulu kunye nokususwa kombala wamanzi amdaka okuprintwayo nokudaywa

Amanzi amdaka okudaya yenye yezona zinto ziyingozi kakhulu kwimveliso, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuveliswa kweedayi kunye nezinto ezidibanisa idayi, ezibandakanya utywala obuvela kwi-crystallization yeemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinto ezidibanisa idayi, izinto ezilahlekileyo kwinkqubo yemveliso kunye namanzi amdaka ngenxa yokuhlanjwa komhlaba. Njengoko ishishini lokuprinta kunye nokudaya liqhubeka likhula, imveliso yalo yamanzi amdaka iye yaba ngumthombo omkhulu wongcoliseko lwamanzi.

Ngokutsho kwabasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe beJiangsu Hapu Functional Materials Co., Ltd, iTshayina lilizwe elikhulu elivelisa idayi, kwaye ishishini ledayi yelaphu liye lakhula ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje, apho imveliso yaseTshayina yeedayi ezahlukeneyo ifikelela kwiitoni ezingama-900,000, nto leyo ethetha malunga ne-60% yemveliso yedayi yehlabathi. Ngokweempawu ezahlukeneyo zeedayi, iidayi zinokuhlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezahlukeneyo, ngokwesakhiwo sazo seekhemikhali: iidayi ze-azo, iidayi ze-anthraquinone, iidayi ze-indigo, iidayi zesulfure, iidayi ze-quinine, iidayi ze-triarylmethane, iidayi ze-heterocyclic.

Nangona kunjalo, amanzi amdaka aqulethe ezi dayi ezinyibilikayo emanzini nawo yenye yezona dayi zinzima ukuzinyanga, kwaye iinkqubo zonyango lwamanzi zemveli azisebenzi kakuhle ekunyangeni ezi dayi. Uninzi lweedayi ezineentsimbi ezinzima ziqulethe i-chromium, ebangela umhlaza, iidayi ezisasazekayo azikho njengee-ions kwisisombululo, iidayi ezininzi ezisasazekayo ziyaqokelelana, kwaye iidayi ezisasazekayo aziguquguquki ngokweekhemikhali kwaye aziboli kakuhle, ngoko ke, iinkqubo zonyango lwebhayoloji zonyango lwamanzi zemveli azisebenzi kakuhle ekususeni iidayi ezisasazekayo.

I. Iimpawu zokuprinta nokudaya amanzi amdaka

Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa idayi, efana ne-sulfonation, i-nitrification, i-diazotization, i-reduction, i-oxidation kunye ne-acid (ityuwa) yokwahlulwahlulwa, inani elikhulu lezinto ezingcolisayo liyaveliswa.

Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-90% yezinto ezingafunekiyo kunye ne-10% ~ 30% yezinto ezingafunekiyo eziphilayo eziveliswa kwiidayi zidluliselwa emanzini.

Amanzi amdaka adayiweyo aneempawu ezilandelayo.

(1) Uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo emanzini amdaka yi-benzene, i-naphthalene, i-anthracene, i-quinone kunye namanye amaqela e-aromatic njengezinto eziza kuqala, kwaye xa iqela lemibala libala kakhulu, limnyama kakhulu, line-chromaticity eyi-500-500000, nto leyo engcolisa kakhulu.

(2) Izinto ezidayiweyo kunye neemolekyuli eziphakathi zihlala ziqulathe amaqela e-polar, aphucula ukunyibilika kwamanzi kwaye akhokelela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezinto ngenxa yenkqubo yemveliso kunye nolwakhiwo lweemolekyuli.

(3) Amanzi amdaka edayi adla ngokuba ne-asidi, kodwa akwaba ne-alkaline, kwaye ngokubanzi aqulathe ityuwa eninzi.

(4) Ukwanda kwemfuno yemibala enemibala, ukwanda kokwahluka kweedayi, kunye nophuhliso lokumelana ne-photolysis, i-oxidation kunye ne-biodegradation kwenza la manzi amdaka abe nzima ngakumbi ukucocwa ziinkqubo zonyango lwamanzi ngokubanzi.

(5) Umbala kunye nokukhazimla kwamanzi amdaka adaywayo ngokubanzi kumnyama, kwaye ipropathi ye-biochemical ayilunganga. Ukongeza, amanzi amdaka kwinkqubo yokuprinta aqulathe inani elikhulu leedayi kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo kunye nenani elikhulu lee-slurry, ngoko ke i-BOD5 kunye ne-COD yamanzi amdaka ziphezulu.

Okwesibini, unyango lokuprinta nokudaya amanzi amdaka

1. Indlela yokwahlula i-membrane

Indlela yokwahlulwa kwe-membrane kukusetyenziswa kweefilimu ezikhethekileyo kwi-liquid selective permeability yezinye izinto zendlela ye-general, iindlela zokwahlulwa kwe-membrane ezisetyenziswa rhoqo yi-dialysis, i-electrodialysis, i-ultrafiltration kunye ne-reverse osmosis, kodwa iteknoloji yokwahlulwa kwe-membrane ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwe-differential polarization, ungcoliseko lwe-membrane kunye nexabiso le-membranes ezibizayo, i-frequency yokutshintshwa ikhawuleza, kangangokuba iindleko zonyango ziphezulu, ngaloo ndlela ithintela kakhulu iteknoloji yokwahlulwa kwe-membrane kwizicelo ezinkulu zoshishino.

2. Indlela yokukhupha

Indlela yokukhupha amanzi amdaka edayi kukusebenzisa isinyibilikisi samanzi esinganyibilikiyo okanye esinganyibilikiyo ukukhupha iimolekyuli zedayi emanzini. Iindlela zokukhupha ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kukukhupha isisombululo, ukukhupha nge-electrophoretic, indlela ye-liquid membrane.

3. Indlela yokukhupha imisebe

I-microwave radiation yindlela ye-radiation esetyenziswa kakhulu ekunyangweni kwamanzi amdaka edayi, kodwa umngeni ophambili wale teknoloji kukuvelisa amasuntswana anamandla aphezulu ezixhobo ezibizayo, iimfuno zobugcisa eziphezulu, kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa amandla amaninzi, izinga lokusetyenziswa kwamandla liphantsi; ukongeza ekuphepheni ubungozi be-radiation emzimbeni womntu, kodwa kukwafuneka amanyathelo akhethekileyo okukhusela. Ke ngoko, umthetho oza kuqaliswa ukusebenza, kufuneka wenze uphando oluninzi kunye nomsebenzi wokuhlola.

4. Indlela yokufunxa i-oxidation

Indlela yokufunxa ikwayindlela eqhelekileyo yokunyanga amanzi amdaka anedayi, ikakhulu equka indlela yokufunxa amanzi amdaka ngobushushu obuphezulu, indlela yokufunxa iikhemikhali kunye nendlela yokufunxa i-photocatalytic.

5. Ukujiya kwe-coagulation

Ukubopha amanzi yindlela eqhelekileyo yokunyanga amanzi amdaka, ikakhulu indlela yokubopha amanzi kunye nokufaka ityuwa, indlela yokubopha amanzi kunye nendlela yokuflotha umoya.

6. Iindlela zebhayoloji

Le ndlela yebhayoloji isetyenziswa kakhulu kumanzi amdaka edayi. Le ndlela yebhayoloji ineengenelo zesiphumo esihle sonyango kunye neendleko zokusebenza eziphantsi, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu zobugcisa, le ndlela ayizinzanga kwaye ayisebenzi kakhulu, kwaye ichaphazeleka kakhulu zizinto zangaphandle, ngoko ke ithintelwe ekusebenziseni okusebenzayo ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile.

7. Indlela yokufunxa

Ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunxa kuphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi zefiziksi, ezifana nokusebenzisana kwedayi kunye nokufunxa, indawo ethile yomphezulu wefunxa, ubungakanani bamasuntswana efunxa, ubushushu, ixabiso le-pH kunye nexesha lokufunxa.

Iimfuno zabathengi bemizi-mveliso

Uhlobo lwamanzi amdaka edayi lufana kakhulu kangangokuba alunakunyangwa ngeendlela zemveli ukuze luhlangabezane nemigangatho yokukhupha, ngoko ke, indlela yokufunxa ephuhliswe yiHapu Functional Materials ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga olu hlobo lwamanzi amdaka ukuze kufunyanwe ulungelelwaniso phakathi kwempembelelo yonyango kunye neendleko zoqoqosho.

Iimfuno zonyango lwamanzi amdaka zabathengi beenkampani abavelisa amanzi amdaka anombala ziquka la manqaku mathathu alandelayo.

(1) Ukususwa kwe-COD kunye ne-chromaticity ngokufanelekileyo nangokuzinzileyo emanzini amdaka acociweyo ukuya ngaphantsi komda wokukhupha.

(2) Iindleko eziphantsi zotyalo-mali oluqhutywa kube kanye, iindleko eziphantsi zokusebenza kunye nokusebenza nokugcinwa kwezixhobo lula.

(3) Inkqubo ephucukileyo nethembekileyo, akukho ungcoliseko lwesibini.

D. Abavelisi beenkqubo zokunyangwa kwamanzi amdaka kunye nokuprintwa kweHapo

Umgaqo wenkqubo yokufunxa i-Hapu kukufunxa ngokukhetha izinto okanye izinto eziza kususwa ngokusebenzisa i-adsorbent ekhethekileyo eyenziwe yinkampani yethu, kwaye xa i-adsorption igcwele, i-adsorbent iya kufunxa ngokusebenzisa i-desorbent ethile ukuhlaziya i-adsorbent.

Abavelisi beenkqubo zokunyangwa kwamanzi amdaka kunye nokuprintwa kweHapo

1. Ishishini elikwiPhondo laseShandong lifuna ukuba umxholo we-COD emanzini amdaka acociweyo ube ngaphantsi kwe-500mg/L. Isiphumo sonyango oluvavanyiweyo sibonisa ukuba i-COD emanzini amdaka inokuba ngaphantsi kwe-500mg/L ngokusebenzisa unyango lokufunxa.

Isiphumo sokunyangwa kwamanzi amdaka edayi xa exutywa ne-adsorption siboniswe kwitheyibhile.

I-COD emanzini amdaka ingahlangabezana neemfuno zokukhupha ukungcola emva konyango lokufunxa. Eli shishini lisebenzise iphakheji yokufunxa kunye nenkqubo yeJiangsu Hapu Functional Materials Co.

Amanzi amdaka aveliswa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ishishini lokuprinta nokudaya, emva kokuhluzwa kwezinto eziphilayo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo, i-COD yenkunkuma isephezulu kakhulu kuneemfuno zokukhupha kwaye umbala unamandla aphezulu, ngoko ke kufuneka unyango olongezelelweyo. Amanzi amdaka avavanywa ngezinto ezikhethekileyo zokukhupha inkunkuma zeHapu, kwaye iziphumo zibonisa ukuba izinto eziphilayo ezingenakutshabalaliswa emanzini amdaka zinokwahlulwa ngabom kumanzi amdaka kwaye ukungcola okufakwe inkunkuma kunokuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhupha inkunkuma.

Ishishini lempahla lingavelisa amanzi amdaka angama-2500t yonke imihla kwinkqubo yemveliso. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo uthi izinga lokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwamanzi amdaka kwishishini lokuprinta nokudaya kufuneka lifikelele kwi-60%, kwaye inkqubo yokunyanga amanzi amdaka ekhoyo kweli shishini ine-COD engaphezulu kwamanzi amdaka e-biochemical kwaye ayinakufikelela kumgangatho wokusetyenziswa kwakhona.

Ngokweemfuno zemveliso zeshishini, amanzi amdaka anokucocwa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zeHapu zokufunxa amanzi kunye nenkqubo yokufunxa amanzi ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kwakhona, nto leyo enokusombulula iingxaki zokufunxa amanzi amdaka zeshishini kwaye kwangaxeshanye inciphise iindleko zokufunxa amanzi amdaka kunye neendleko zokugcwalisa amanzi amatsha, anexabiso elibonakalayo kwezoqoqosho.

Ityala lokwenyani lokusetyenziswa kwe-adsorbent yokuprinta kunye nokudaya unyango lwamanzi amdaka

isicelo sentsimi

Iingenelo eziphambili zikaV. Hapu

Iindlela zangoku zokunyanga amanzi amdaka edayi zineengxaki zazo, zombini ngokubhekiselele kwisiphumo sonyango kunye neendleko zokusebenza kwazo.

Indlela yokwahlula i-membrane ineengxaki zongcoliseko lwe-membrane kunye ne-membrane ebiza kakhulu, ukutshintshwa rhoqo ngokukhawuleza kunye neendleko zonyango eziphezulu.

Ingxaki yendlela yokukhupha amanzi kukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe-extractant, kwaye ukwahlula i-extractant kunzima ngakumbi, iindleko eziphezulu ngetoni nganye yonyango lwamanzi, akunakubakho unyango olukhulu oluqhubekayo.

Indlela yokukhupha imisebe ayikavuthwa, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kuphantsi; ukongeza ekuphepheni iziphumo eziyingozi zemisebe emzimbeni womntu, kodwa kufuneka neendlela zokuzikhusela ezikhethekileyo.

Iindlela zokujiya, ukuxiliswa kunye neendlela zebhayoloji azikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhupha ngaxeshanye, kwaye azinakukhutshwa ngendlela ezinzileyo.

Kwelinye icala, indlela yokufunxa ingasetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ukususa izinto eziphilayo emanzini amdaka edayi ukuya ngaphantsi kwexabiso elimiselweyo lokukhupha, eliyindlela engabizi kakhulu nesebenzayo yokunyanga amanzi amdaka edayi.

Iingenelo zendlela yokufunxa ziquka ezi zilandelayo.

(1) Ukuthobela imigangatho yokukhupha ukungcola okuzinzileyo, okunokunciphisa ngempumelelo uxinzelelo kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo lweshishini.

(2) Yenza uvavanyo kwiisampuli zamanzi amdaka aveliswe kwindawo leyo, uyila inkqubo yokufunxa ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe kunye novavanyo, kwaye ufezekise inqanaba eliphezulu lokunxulumanisa amanzi amdaka kunye nenkqubo.

(3) Ezi zixhobo zithatha indawo enoqoqosho, zinesakhiwo esincinci kwaye zityale imali encinci kulwakhiwo lwezakhiwo nezixhobo; i-desorbent isetyenziswa izihlandlo ezininzi kwaye iqina inyathelo ngenyathelo, ngesantya esiphezulu sokusetyenziswa kwearhente kunye neendleko zokusebenza eziphantsi.

(4) Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwimodyuli zinokusetyenziswa kwiimodyuli, ezinokuhlengahlengiswa ngokulula ngokwemveliso kwaye kulula ukuzifaka.

(5) Ubuchwepheshe obuphucukileyo nobuvuthiweyo, obungenangcoliseko lwesibini, obunamandla obuchwephesha aqinileyo kunye namava atyebileyo kwizicelo zobunjineli.

whatsapp: +86 13805212761 = wechat

http://www.mit-ivy.com

inkampani yeshishini le-mit-ivy

info@mit-ivy.com

Ngomgangatho ophezulu kunye nexabiso kunye nokwamkelwa