Ingcaciso yeMveliso

Igama lemveliso: iBenzyl chloride

Igama lesiNgesi: iBenzyl chloride

Inombolo ye-CAS 100-44-7

I-Benzyl chloride, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-benzyl chloride kunye ne-toluene chloride, lulwelo olungenambala olunevumba elibi kakhulu. Luxutywa nezinyibilikisi ze-organic ezifana ne-chloroform, i-ethanol, kunye ne-ether. Ayinyibiliki emanzini kodwa inokutsha ngumphunga wamanzi. Umphunga wayo uyacaphukisa i-mucous membranes yamehlo kwaye yiarhente enamandla yokukrazula iinyembezi. Kwangaxeshanye, i-benzyl chloride ikwayindawo ephakathi kwi-organic synthesis kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-dyes, i-pesticides, i-synthetic fragrances, i-detergents, i-plasticizers, kunye namayeza.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwenziwa kwe-benzyl chloride, kuquka indlela ye-benzyl alcohol chlorination, indlela ye-chloromethyl, indlela ye-toluene catalytic chlorination, njl. Phakathi kwazo, indlela ye-benzyl alcohol chlorination ifunyanwa ngokuphendula kwe-benzyl alcohol kunye ne-hydrochloric acid. Yeyona ndlela yokuqala yokwenziwa kwe-benzyl chloride. Indlela ye-chloromethyl ikwayindlela yokuqala yemizi-mveliso. Izinto zayo ezikrwada yi-benzene kunye ne-benzaldehyde (okanye i-trimerformaldehyde). I-anhydrous zinc chloride isetyenziswa njenge-catalyst. I-catalytic chlorination ye-toluene okwangoku yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokuvelisa i-benzyl chloride kwimizi-mveliso, kwaye i-catalytic chlorination ye-toluene inokwahlulwa ibe yi-photocatalytic chlorination kunye ne-low-temperature catalytic chlorination. Nangona kunjalo, indlela ye-photocatalytic chlorination ifuna ukufakwa komthombo wokukhanya ngaphakathi kwezixhobo, ezineempawu ezinzima ukulawula impendulo, iimpendulo ezininzi ezingalindelekanga, kunye neendleko eziphezulu. Indlela ye-catalytic chlorination yobushushu obuphantsi isebenzisa enye okanye ngaphezulu ye-dibenzoyl peroxide, i-azobisisobutyronitrile, kunye ne-acetamide njenge-catalyst yokusabela kwi-toluene kunye ne-chlorine kubushushu obuphantsi, isebenzisa ubushushu obuphantsi kunye ne-chlorine. Lawula izinga lokuphendula ukuphucula izinga lokuguqulwa kunye nokukhetha, kodwa iimeko ezithile zisafuneka zihlolwe.

Ubushushu bokunyibilikisa i-benzyl chloride buhlala busenziwa kwi-100°C kwaye ngokubanzi akufuneki budlule kwi-170°C. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-benzyl chloride yinto evakalelwa bubushushu. Ukuba ubushushu buphezulu kakhulu, kuya kwenzeka i-self-polymerization reaction. Ukuba i-reaction inamandla kakhulu, kuya kubakho ingozi yokuqhuma. Ke ngoko, i-distillation ye-benzyl chloride eluhlaza kufuneka yenziwe phantsi koxinzelelo olubi. Kwangaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukulawula umxholo we-ion yesinyithi kwisisombululo se-chlorination, kuba i-benzyl chloride iya kudlula kwi-Krafts-Kreider reaction xa kukho ii-ion zesinyithi kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, kwaye kuya kuveliswa into ene-resinous, eya kubangela ukuba ulwelo lube mnyama kwaye inani elikhulu legesi ye-hydrogen chloride liyakhutshwa.

Izicelo

I-Benzyl chloride yinto ebalulekileyo kwi-organic intermediate. Imveliso yemizi-mveliso lulwelo olungenambala okanye olutyheli olukhanyayo olunevumba elibi kunye nokubola okunamandla. Lunokunyibilika kwizinyibilikisi ze-organic ezifana ne-ether, i-chloroform, kunye ne-chlorobenzene. I-Benzyl chloride isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo zezinambuzane, amayeza, iziqholo, izincedisi zedayi, kunye nezincedisi zokwenziwa. Isetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa nokuvelisa i-benzaldehyde, i-butyl benzyl phthalate, i-aniline, i-phoxim, kunye ne-benzyl chloride. I-Penicillin, i-benzyl alcohol, i-phenylacetonitrile, i-phenylacetic acid kunye nezinye iimveliso.

I-Benzyl chloride ikwiklasi ye-benzyl halide yeekhompawundi ezicaphukisayo. Ngokuphathelele izibulali-zinambuzane, ayinakuyenza ngokuthe ngqo i-organophosphorus fungicides, i-rice blast net kunye ne-iso rice blast net, kodwa ingasetyenziswa njengezinto ezibalulekileyo kwezinye izinto ezininzi eziphakathi, njengokwenziwa kwe-phenylacetonitrile kunye ne-benzene. I-Formyl chloride, i-m-phenoxybenzaldehyde, njl. Ukongeza, i-benzyl chloride isetyenziswa kakhulu kumayeza, iziqholo, izincedisi zedayi, ii-resin zokwenziwa, njl. Yinto ebalulekileyo phakathi kokuveliswa kweekhemikhali kunye namayeza. Emva koko ulwelo okanye inkunkuma eveliswa ngamashishini ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso ngokungenakuphepheka iqulethe inani elikhulu le-benzyl chloride intermediates.

I-Benzyl chloride ngokwayo iyakrazula, inobungozi obukhulu, ibangela umhlaza, kwaye ihlala ikwimeko-bume. Ekubeni i-benzyl chloride ngokwayo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye isetyenziswa ngobuninzi, i-benzyl chloride iyavuza ngexesha lokuthuthwa okanye iveliswa ngabavelisi abahlukeneyo. Ulwelo olune-benzyl chloride oluziswe yinkampani ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa okanye inkunkuma ilahlwa ngokuthe ngqo, okanye ukuvuza kwenzeka ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, okuya kubangela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba i-benzyl chloride ingene emhlabeni kwaye ekugqibeleni ingcolise umhlaba.

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