Isivumelwano seSine seNtsebenziswano yoQoqosho esiBanzi seSithili esilinde ixesha elide ekugqibeleni sithathe inguqu entsha. Kwintlanganiso nabezindaba ngomhla we-11 kule nyanga, uMphathiswa wethu wezoRhwebo ubhengeze ngokusesikweni ukuba amazwe ali-15 agqibile uthethathethwano kuzo zonke iindawo zeSine seNtsebenziswano yoQoqosho esiBanzi seSithili (RCEP).

Zonke iindawo zokungavisisani zisonjululwe, uphononongo lwazo zonke iincwadi zomthetho lugqityiwe, kwaye inyathelo elilandelayo kukunyanzela amaqela ukuba asayine ngokusesikweni isivumelwano ngomhla we-15 kule nyanga.

I-RCEP, equka iTshayina, iJapan, uMzantsi Korea, AMALUNGU alishumi e-Association of Southeast Asian Nations, i-Australia kunye neNew Zealand, iza kudala indawo enkulu yorhwebo olukhululekileyo e-Asia kwaye igubungele ama-30 ekhulwini emveliso yasekhaya kunye norhwebo lwehlabathi. Iza kuba sisakhelo sokuqala sorhwebo olukhululekileyo phakathi kweTshayina, iJapan kunye noMzantsi Korea.

I-RCEP ijonge ukudala isivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo kwimarike enye ngokususa imiqobo yerhafu kunye nemiqobo engeyiyo yerhafu. I-India irhoxile kwiingxoxo ngoNovemba ngenxa yokungavisisani malunga nemirhumo, ukunqongophala korhwebo namanye amazwe kunye nemiqobo engeyiyo yerhafu, kodwa amazwe ali-15 aseleyo athe aza kuzama ukusayina isivumelwano ngo-2020.

Xa uthuli luthe tyaba kwi-RCEP, luya kunika urhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina ithuba lokuphumelela.

Indlela eya kwiingxoxo ibinde kwaye inzima, i-India irhoxa ngequbuliso

Izivumelwano zeNtlanganiso yoQoqosho yeSithili (iNtlanganiso yoQoqosho yeSithili, i-RCEP), zaqaliswa ngamazwe ali-10 ase-ASEAN kwaye yiTshayina, iJapan, uMzantsi Korea, iOstreliya, iNew Zealand, iIndiya, isivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo esithandathu namazwe ase-ASEAN ukuba athathe inxaxheba kunye, amazwe ali-16 ewonke, ajolise ekunciphiseni iirhafu kunye nemiqobo engeyiyo yerhafu, ukuseka urhwebo olukhululekileyo lwemarike olumanyeneyo.

isivumelwano. Ukongeza ekuncitshisweni kweerhafu, iingxoxo ziye zabanjwa malunga nokwenziwa kwemithetho kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka amalungelo obunini bolwazi, urhwebo lwe-elektroniki (EC) kunye neenkqubo zerhafu.

Ngokwembono yenkqubo yokulungiselela i-RCEP, i-RCEP yacwangciswa kwaye yakhuthazwa yi-ASEAN, ngelixa iTshayina yadlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyo yonke le nkqubo.

KwiNgqungquthela yama-21 ye-ASEAN eyayibanjwe ekupheleni kuka-2012, amazwe ali-16 atyikitya isakhelo se-RCEP aze abhengeza ukuqala ngokusesikweni kweengxoxo. Kwiminyaka esibhozo elandelayo, bekukho imijikelo emide neyinkimbinkimbi yeengxoxo.

INkulumbuso yaseTshayina uLi Keqiang uza kwiNtlanganiso yesithathu yeeNkokheli ze-RCEP eBangkok, eThailand, ngoNovemba 4, 2019. Kule ntlanganiso, i-RCEP yagqiba iingxoxo eziphambili, kwaye iinkokeli zamazwe ali-15 ngaphandle kwe-India zakhupha ingxelo edibeneyo malunga ne-RCEP, zibiza ukuba kuqhubeke iingxoxo ngenjongo yokusayina i-RCEP ngo-2020. Oku kubonisa isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwi-RCEP.

Nangona kunjalo, kwakukule ntlanganiso apho iIndiya, eyayitshintsha rhoqo, yarhoxa ngomzuzu wokugqibela yaza yagqiba ekubeni ingayisayini i-RCEP. Ngelo xesha, iNkulumbuso yaseIndiya uNarendra Modi yakhankanya ukungavisisani malunga neerhafu, ukunqongophala korhwebo namanye amazwe kunye nemiqobo engekho phantsi kwerhafu njengesizathu sokuba iIndiya igqibe ekubeni ingasayini i-RCEP.

UNihon Keizai Shimbun wakha wayihlalutya le nto waza wathi:

Kwiingxoxo, kukho ingcinga enamandla yokuba kukho ingxaki kuba iIndiya inesiphene esikhulu kurhwebo neTshayina kwaye inoloyiko lokuba ukuncitshiswa kwerhafu kuya kuchaphazela amashishini asekhaya. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela leengxoxo, iIndiya ikwafuna ukukhusela amashishini ayo; Njengoko uqoqosho lwelizwe lakhe luhlala luzinzile, uMnu. Modi kuye kwafuneka ajike ingqalelo yakhe kwimiba yasekhaya efana nokungabikho kwemisebenzi ephezulu kunye nobuhlwempu, nto leyo exhalabisa ngakumbi kunokuba kubekho inkululeko kurhwebo.

Inkulumbuso yaseIndiya uNarendra Modi uza kwiNgqungquthela ye-ASEAN ngoNovemba 4, 2019

Ephendula kwezi nkxalabo, uGeng Shuang, owayesisithethi seSebe lezeMicimbi yezeNgaphandle laseTshayina ngelo xesha, ugxininise ukuba iTshayina yayingenanjongo yokufuna urhwebo olungaphezulu neIndiya kwaye la macala mabini anokwandisa ingcinga yawo kwaye andise intsebenziswano. ITshayina ikulungele ukusebenza nawo onke amaqela ngomoya wokuqondana kunye nokulungiselela ukuqhubeka nokubonisana ukusombulula imiba ejongene neIndiya kwiingxoxo, kwaye iyakwamkela ukungena kweIndiya kwiSivumelwano kwangoko.

Ejongene nokurhoxa ngequbuliso kweIndiya, amanye amazwe ayasokola ukulinganisa iinjongo zayo zokwenyani. Umzekelo, amanye amazwe ase-ASEAN, ediniwe yindlela iIndiya ecinga ngayo, acebise isivumelwano "sokungabandakanywa kweIndiya" njengendlela yokhetho kwiingxoxo. Injongo kukugqiba iingxoxo kuqala, ukuvuselela urhwebo ngaphakathi kommandla kunye nokuvuna "iziphumo" ngokukhawuleza.

Kwelinye icala, iJapan igxininise ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukubaluleka kweIndiya kwiingxoxo ze-RCEP, ibonisa isimo sengqondo sokuba “ayinangaphandle kweIndiya”. Ngelo xesha, ezinye iindaba zaseJapan zathi iJapan yayichasa “ukungabandakanywa kweIndiya” kuba yayinethemba lokuba iIndiya ingathabatha inxaxheba “kwingcinga ekhululekileyo nevulekileyo ye-Indo-Pacific” eyabekwa phambili yiJapan ne-United States njengesicwangciso soqoqosho nezopolitiko, esasifezekise injongo “yokuqulatha” iTshayina.

Ngoku, njengoko i-RCEP isayinwe ngamazwe ali-15, iJapan iyamkele into yokuba i-India ayisayi kujoyina.

Iya kukhulisa ukukhula kwe-GDP yengingqi, kwaye ukubaluleka kwe-RCEP kuye kwabonakala ngakumbi xa kujongwa ubhubhane

Kuwo wonke ummandla waseAsia-Pacific, i-RCEP imele ithuba elikhulu leshishini. UZhang Jianping, umlawuli weZiko loPhando lweNtsebenziswano yezoQoqosho lweSithili phantsi koMphathiswa wezoRhwebo, ukhankanye ukuba i-RCEP iza kugubungela iimarike ezimbini ezinkulu zehlabathi ezinokubakho okukhulu kokukhula, imakethi yaseTshayina enabantu abayi-1.4 yeebhiliyoni kunye nemakethi yase-ASEAN enabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-600. Kwangaxeshanye, ezi zoqoqosho zili-15, njengeenjini ezibalulekileyo zokukhula koqoqosho kummandla waseAsia-Pacific, nazo ziyimithombo ebalulekileyo yokukhula kwehlabathi.

UZhang Jianping ubonise ukuba xa isivumelwano siphunyeziwe, imfuno yorhwebo oludibeneyo ngaphakathi kulo mmandla iya kukhula ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokususwa okukhulu kwemiqobo yerhafu kunye nemiqobo engeyiyo yerhafu kunye nemiqobo yotyalo-mali, eyimpembelelo yokudala urhwebo. Kwangaxeshanye, urhwebo namaqabane angengawo alo mmandla luya kudluliselwa ngokuyinxenye kurhwebo lwangaphakathi kwengingqi, oluyimpembelelo yokudluliselwa korhwebo. Kwicala lotyalo-mali, isivumelwano siya kuzisa nokudalwa kotyalo-mali olongezelelweyo. Ke ngoko, i-RCEP iya kukhulisa ukukhula kwe-GDP kulo lonke ummandla, idale imisebenzi emininzi kwaye iphucule kakhulu impilo-ntle yawo onke amazwe.

Ubhubhane wehlabathi usasazeka ngesantya esiphezulu, uqoqosho lwehlabathi lukwimeko embi kakhulu, kwaye ubundlobongela kunye nokuxhaphaza kuxhaphakile. Njengelungu elibalulekileyo lentsebenziswano yeSithili eMpuma Asia, iTshayina ithathe ukhokelo ekulweni nobhubhane kunye nokubuyisela ukukhula koqoqosho. Ngokuchasene nale mvelaphi, ingqungquthela kufuneka ithumele ezi mpawu zilandelayo zibalulekileyo:

Okokuqala, kufuneka sikhulise ukuzithemba kwaye siqinise umanyano. Ukuzithemba kubaluleke ngaphezu kwegolide. Kuphela yintsebenziswano kunye nomanyano olunokuthintela nokulawula ubhubhane.

Okwesibini, qinisa intsebenziswano nxamnye ne-coVID-19. Nangona iintaba nemilambo zisihlukanisa, sinandipha ukukhanya kwenyanga okufanayo phantsi kwesibhakabhaka esinye. Ukusukela oko kwaqhambuka ubhubhane, iTshayina kunye namanye amazwe akulo mmandla asebenzisane kwaye axhasana. Onke amaqela kufuneka aqinise intsebenziswano kwimpilo yoluntu.

Okwesithathu, siza kugxila kuphuhliso loqoqosho. Uqoqosho lwehlabathi, inkululeko yorhwebo kunye nentsebenziswano yengingqi zibalulekile ekulweni kunye nobhubhane, ukukhuthaza ukubuyiselwa koqoqosho kunye nokuzinzisa uthungelwano lokubonelela kunye nothungelwano lwemizi-mveliso. I-China ikulungele ukusebenza namazwe akulo mmandla ukwakha uthungelwano "lwendlela ekhawulezayo" kunye "nendlela eluhlaza" yokutshintshiselana ngabasebenzi kunye neempahla ukunceda ukuqala kwakhona umsebenzi kunye nemveliso kunye nokukhokela ukubuyiselwa koqoqosho.

Okwesine, kufuneka silandele isikhokelo sentsebenziswano yengingqi kwaye sijongane ngokufanelekileyo nokwahlukana. Onke amaqela kufuneka axhase ngokuqinileyo ukubambisana kwamazwe amaninzi, axhase ukubambisana kwe-ASEAN, abambelele ekwakheni ukuvumelana, amkele inqanaba lokuthuthuzelana, ayeke ukungenisa umahluko phakathi kwamazwe amabini kwi-multilateralism kunye neminye imigaqo ebalulekileyo, kwaye asebenzisane ukukhusela uxolo kunye nozinzo kuLwandle lwaseSouth China.

I-RCEP sisivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo esibanzi, sanamhlanje, esikumgangatho ophezulu nesizuzisa onke

Bekukho umbhalo osemazantsi kwingxelo yangaphambili yaseBangkok echaza izahluko ezingama-20 zesivumelwano kunye nezihloko zesahluko ngasinye. Ngokusekelwe kwezi zimvo, siyazi ukuba i-RCEP iya kuba sisivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo esibanzi, sanamhlanje, esikumgangatho ophezulu nesizuzisayo kumacala omabini.

Sisivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo esibanzi. Sinezahluko ezingama-20, kuquka iimpawu ezisisiseko ze-FTA, urhwebo ngeempahla, urhwebo ngeenkonzo, ukufikelela kutyalo-mali kunye nemithetho ehambelanayo.

Sisivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo lwanamhlanje. Sibandakanya urhwebo lwe-elektroniki, amalungelo obunini bobuchwephesha, umgaqo-nkqubo wokhuphiswano, ukuthengwa kukarhulumente, amashishini amancinci naphakathi kunye neminye imixholo yanamhlanje.
Sisivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo esisemgangathweni ophezulu. Ngokuphathelele urhwebo lweempahla, inqanaba lokuvuleleka liya kufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-90%, ngaphezulu kwelo lamazwe e-WTO. Kwicala lotyalo-mali, thethana ngokufikelela kutyalo-mali usebenzisa indlela yoluhlu olungalunganga.

Sisivumelwano sorhwebo olukhululekileyo oluyinzuzo kumacala omabini. Oku kubonakala kakhulu kurhwebo lweempahla, urhwebo kwiinkonzo, imithetho yotyalo-mali kunye nezinye iindawo ezifikelele kulungelelwano lwezilangazelelo. Ngokukodwa, esi Sivumelwano siquka nemigaqo yentsebenziswano yezoqoqosho kunye neyobuchwephesha, kubandakanya amalungiselelo otshintsho kumazwe angaphuhliyo njengeLaos, iMyanmar kunye neCambodia, kubandakanya neemeko ezilungileyo ngakumbi zokudibanisa ngcono uqoqosho lwengingqi.