Isivumelwano ekudala silindelwe kwiSithili seSine seNtsebenziswano yoQoqosho oluBanzi seSine ekugqibeleni sithathe inguqu entsha.Kwintetho yoonondaba ngomhla we-11 kule nyanga, uMphathiswa wethu wezoRhwebo ubhengeze ngokusemthethweni ukuba amazwe ali-15 agqibe uthethathethwano kuzo zonke iinkalo zoQoqosho oluBanzi lweSine. (RCEP).

Zonke iinkalo zokungavisisani ziye zasonjululwa, ukuphononongwa kwayo yonke imibhalo esemthethweni kugqityiwe, kwaye inyathelo elilandelayo kukutyhala amaqela ukuba asayine ngokusesikweni isivumelwano ngomhla we-15 kule nyanga.

I-RCEP, equka iChina, iJapan, iSouth Korea, AMALUNGU alishumi oMbutho weZizwe eziMazantsi-mpuma Asia, i-Australia kunye neNew Zealand, iya kudala eyona ndawo inkulu yorhwebo yasimahla yase-Asia kwaye igubungela i-30 pesenti yemveliso yangaphakathi yehlabathi kunye norhwebo. kwakhona ibe sisikhokelo sokuqala sorhwebo olukhululekileyo phakathi kweTshayina, iJapan kunye noMzantsi Korea.

I-RCEP ijolise ekudaleni isivumelwano sokurhweba ngokukhululekileyo kwimarike enye ngokunciphisa irhafu kunye nezithintelo ezingezizo iirhafu.I-India yaphuma kwiingxoxo ngoNovemba ngenxa yokungavumelani kwiirhafu, ukusilela kwezorhwebo kunye namanye amazwe kunye nezithintelo ezingezizo iirhafu, kodwa eziseleyo. Amazwe ali-15 athe aza kuzama ukutyikitya isivumelwano ngo-2020.

Xa uthuli luhlala kwi-RCEP, luya kunika urhwebo lwangaphandle lwaseTshayina ludubule engalweni.

Indlela eya kuthethathethwano ibinde kwaye inamagingxigingxi, i-India yarhoxa ngequbuliso

Izivumelwano zoQoqosho oluBanzi lweNgingqi (iNdibaniselwano yoQoqosho oluBanzi kwiNgingqi, i-RCEP), yasungulwa ngamazwe ali-10 ase-asean kunye ne-China, i-Japan, i-South Korea, i-Ostreliya, i-New Zealand, i-Indiya, isivumelwano sorhwebo esithandathu sasimahla kunye namazwe ase-asean ukuba athathe inxaxheba kunye, amazwe ali-16 ewonke, ajolise ekucutheni imirhumo kunye nemiqobo engahlawulisiyo, ukuseka urhwebo olumanyeneyo lwemalike

Isivumelwano.Ukongeza ekuthotyweni kwerhafu, uthethwano luye lwabanjwa malunga nokwenziwa kwemithetho kwiindawo ezininzi, kubandakanywa amalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, urhwebo lwe-e-commerce (EC) kunye neenkqubo zecustom.

Ngokombono wenkqubo yokulungiselela i-RCEP, i-RCEP yacwangciswa kwaye yakhuthazwa yi-ASEAN, ngelixa i-China idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyo yonke inkqubo.

KwiNgqungquthela ye-ASEAN ye-21 eyayibanjwe ekupheleni kwe-2012, amazwe e-16 asayine isakhelo se-RCEP kwaye abhengeze ukuqala ngokusemthethweni kweengxoxo.Kwiminyaka esibhozo ezayo, kwakukho iindibano ezinde kunye nezinzima zeengxoxo.

Inkulumbuso yaseTshayina u-Li Keqiang uya kwiNtlanganiso yesithathu yeeNkokheli ze-RCEP eBangkok, eThailand, nge-4 kaNovemba ka-2019. Kule ntlanganiso, i-RCEP iqukumbele uthethathethwano oluphambili, kwaye iinkokeli zamazwe ali-15 ngaphandle kweIndiya zikhuphe ingxelo edibeneyo kwi-RCEP, ibiza. ngothethathethwano oluqhubekayo ngenjongo yokusayina i-RCEP ngo-2020. Oku kubonisa isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwi-RCEP.

Nangona kunjalo, kwakukho kule ntlanganiso apho i-Indiya, isimo sayo sengqondo sasitshintshile ixesha nexesha, yakhupha ngomzuzu wokugqibela kwaye yagqiba ekubeni ingayisayini i-RCEP.Ngelo xesha, uNdunankulu waseNdiya uNarendra Modi wachaza ukungaboni ngasonye malunga neerhafu, iintsilelo zorhwebo. namanye amazwe kunye nezithintelo ezingahlawulisi njengesizathu sesigqibo saseIndiya sokungayisayini i-RCEP.

U-Nihon Keizai Shimbun wakha wayihlalutya le nto kwaye wathi:

Kuthethwano, kukho uvakalelo oluqinileyo lwengxaki kuba iIndiya inentsilelo enkulu yorhwebo neTshayina kwaye yoyikela ukuba ukuthotywa kwerhafu kuya kubetha kumashishini asekhaya. Ukudodobala koqoqosho, umnumzana Modi kuye kwafuneka ajike ingqwalasela yakhe kwimiba yasekhaya efana nentswela-ngqesho ephezulu kunye nentlupheko, eyona nto ixhalabisayo kunokukhululwa kwezorhwebo.

Inkulumbuso yaseIndiya uNarendra Modi uzimasa iNgqungquthela yase-ASEAN nge-4 kaNov, 2019

Ukuphendula kwezi nkxalabo, uGeng Shuang, owayesisithethi seSebe lezangaphandle laseTshayina, wagxininisa ukuba iChina ayinanjongo yokulandela intsalela yorhwebo kunye neIndiya kwaye la macala mabini anokwandisa ngakumbi ukucinga kwawo kwaye andise intsebenziswano. ukusebenza nawo onke amaqela ngomoya wokuqondana kunye nokuhlalisana ukuze kuqhutyekwe nothethwano lokusombulula imiba ejongene ne-Indiya kuthethwano, kwaye yamkela i-Indiya ukungena kwangethuba kwesi siVumelwano.

Ejongene nokurhoxa ngesiquphe kweIndiya, amanye amazwe ayasokola ukulinganisa iinjongo zawo zokwenyani.Umzekelo, amanye amazwe ase-ASEAN, ediniwe sisimo sengqondo saseIndiya, acebise isivumelwano “sokungabandakanywa kweIndiya” njengendlela yokukhetha kwiingxoxo. Injongo kukugqiba uthethathethwano. okokuqala, qinisa urhwebo ngaphakathi kommandla kwaye uvune "iziphumo" ngokukhawuleza.

IJapan, ngakolunye uhlangothi, igxininise ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukubaluleka kweIndiya kwiingxoxo zeRCEP, ebonisa isimo sengqondo "kungekhona ngaphandle kweIndiya". I-Indiya inokuthatha inxaxheba “kwimbono yasimahla nevulekileyo ye-Indo-Pacific” ebekwe phambili yiJapan kunye ne-United States njengesicwangciso sezoqoqosho nesozakuzo, esifezekise injongo “yokuqulatha” iTshayina.

Ngoku, nge-RCEP esayinwe ngamazwe ali-15, iJapan iyamkele into yokuba i-India ayiyi kujoyina.

Iyakonyusa ukukhula kwe-GDP yengingqi, kwaye ukubaluleka kwe-RCEP kuye kwabonakala ngakumbi ebusweni bobhubhane.

Kuwo wonke ummandla we-Asia-Pacific, i-RCEP imele ithuba elikhulu loshishino. UZhang Jianping, umlawuli weZiko loPhando lwe-Regional Economic Cooperation phantsi koMphathiswa wezoRhwebo, wabonisa ukuba i-RCEP iya kugubungela iimarike ezinkulu ezimbini zehlabathi ezinokukhula okukhulu. , Imarike yaseChina enabantu abayi-1.4 yezigidigidi kunye nemarike yase-asean enabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ze-600. Ngelo xesha, ezi zoqoqosho ze-15, njengeenjini ezibalulekileyo zokukhula koqoqosho kummandla we-Asia-Pacific, nazo ziyimithombo ebalulekileyo yokukhula kwehlabathi.

UZhang Jianping ubonise ukuba xa isivumelwano siphunyeziwe, imfuno yorhwebo phakathi kommandla iya kukhula ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokususwa okukhulu kweerhafu kunye nezithintelo ezingezizo iirhafu kunye nemiqobo yotyalo-mali, okuyiyona nto idala urhwebo. , ukurhweba kunye namaqabane angewona ommandla kuya kudluliselwa ngokuyinxenye kurhwebo lwangaphakathi, oluyimpembelelo yokudluliselwa kwezorhwebo.Kwicala lotyalo-mali, isivumelwano siya kuzisa nokudalwa kotyalo-mali olongezelelweyo.Ngoko ke, i-RCEP iya kukhulisa ukukhula kwe-GDP ummandla wonke, udale imisebenzi emininzi kwaye uphucule ngokubonakalayo intlalontle yawo onke amazwe.

Ubhubhani wehlabathi jikelele usasazeka ngesantya esikhawulezayo, uqoqosho lwehlabathi lukwimeko embi kakhulu, kwaye unilateralism kunye nokuxhaphaza kuxhaphakile. Njengelungu elibalulekileyo lentsebenziswano yeNgingqi eMpuma yeAsia, iChina iye yakhokela ekulweni lo bhubhani kunye nokubuyisela ukukhula koqoqosho. .Ngokwale mvelaphi, inkomfa kufuneka ithumele le miqondiso ibalulekileyo ilandelayo:

Okokuqala, kufuneka sikhulise ukuzithemba kwaye someleze umanyano.Ukuzithemba kubaluleke ngaphezu kwegolide.Kuphela ubumbano kunye nentsebenziswano enokuthintela kunye nokulawula ubhubhane.

Okwesibini, qinisa intsebenziswano ngokuchasene ne-COVID-19. Ngelixa iintaba kunye nemilambo isahlula, sonwabela ukukhanya kwenyanga enye phantsi kwesibhakabhaka esinye. Ukusukela oko kwaqhambuka lo bhubhani, i-China kunye namanye amazwe kulo mmandla asebenze kunye kwaye axhasana. Onke amaqela kufuneka yenze nzulu ngakumbi intsebenziswano kwimpilo yoluntu.

Okwesithathu, siya kugxila kuphuhliso loqoqosho.Umanyano lwehlabathi loqoqosho, ukukhululeka kwezorhwebo kunye nentsebenziswano yengingqi zibalulekile ukulwa ngokudibeneyo nobhubhane, ukukhuthaza ukubuyiswa koqoqosho kunye nokuzinzisa ikhonkco lokubonelela kunye neshishini. "Umzila okhawulezayo" kunye "nomzila oluhlaza" wabasebenzi kunye notshintshiselwano lweempahla ukunceda ukuqalisa kwakhona umsebenzi kunye nemveliso kunye nokukhokelela ekubuyiseleni uqoqosho.

Okwesine, kufuneka sigcine isalathiso sentsebenziswano yengingqi kunye nokusingatha ngokufanelekileyo iiyantlukwano. Onke amaqela afanele axhase ngokuqinileyo i-multilateralism, abambelele kwi-ASEAN centrality, abambelele kwisivumelwano sokwakha, sivumelane nenqanaba lokuthuthuzela omnye komnye, siyeke ukwazisa ukungafani kwamazwe amabini kwi-multilateralism kunye neminye imigaqo ebalulekileyo. , kunye nokusebenza kunye ukukhusela uxolo nozinzo kuLwandle oluseMzantsi China.

I-RCEP sisivumelwano sokurhweba ngokukhululekileyo esibanzi, sanamhlanje, esikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye sixhamla ngokufanayo

Kwakukho umbhalo osemazantsi kwingxelo yangaphambili edibeneyo yaseBangkok echaza izahluko ze-20 zesivumelwano kunye nezihloko zesahluko ngasinye.Ngokusekelwe kolu qwalaselo, siyazi ukuba i-RCEP iya kuba yisivumelwano esibanzi, sanamhlanje, esikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nenzuzo efanayo. .

Sisivumelwano sokurhweba ngokukhululekileyo esibanzi.Sinezahluko ze-20, kubandakanywa iimpawu ezisisiseko ze-FTA, ukurhweba ngempahla, ukurhweba kwiinkonzo, ukufikelela kutyalo-mali kunye nemithetho ehambelanayo.

Sisivumelwano sokurhweba ngokukhululekileyo sanamhlanje.Sibandakanya urhwebo lwe-e-commerce, amalungelo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, umgaqo-nkqubo wokhuphiswano, ukuthengwa kwempahla karhulumente, amashishini amancinci naphakathi kunye neminye imixholo yale mihla.
Isivumelwano sokurhweba ngokukhululekileyo esikumgangatho ophezulu.Ngokubhekiselele kurhwebo kwimpahla, inqanaba lokuvuleleka liya kufikelela ngaphezu kwe-90%, liphezulu kunelo lamazwe e-WTO.Kwicala lotyalo-mali, thethana ngokufikelela kutyalo-mali usebenzisa indlela yoluhlu olubi.

Sisivumelwano sokurhweba ngokukhululekileyo esinenzuzo macala.Oku kubonakaliswa ikakhulu kurhwebo lwempahla, ukurhweba ngeenkonzo, imithetho yotyalo-mali kunye nezinye iindawo eziye zafumana ulungelelwano lwezinto ezinomdla.Ingakumbi, isiVumelwano sikwabandakanya amalungiselelo entsebenziswano yezoqoqosho nezobugcisa, kubandakanywa neenguqu. amalungiselelo amazwe angaphuhliswanga kancinane njenge Laos, Myanmar kunye Cambodia, kuquka iimeko ezivumayo ngakumbi ukudityaniswa kwabo ngcono kuhlanganiso lwezoqoqosho lwengingqi.