I-1,3-Dichlorobenzene ilulwelo olungenambala kunye nevumba elibi. Ayinyibiliki emanzini, inyibilika etywaleni nakwi-ether. Ityhefu kumzimba womntu, icaphukisa amehlo kunye nolusu. Inokutsha kwaye inokungena kwi-chlorination, i-nitration, i-sulfonation, kunye ne-hydrolysis reactions. Isabela ngobundlobongela kunye ne-aluminiyam kwaye isetyenziswa kwi-organic synthesis.

1. Iimpawu: ulwelo olungenambala kunye nevumba elibi.
2. Indawo yokunyibilika (℃): -24.8
3. Indawo yokubila (℃): 173
4. Ubuninzi bobudlelwane (amanzi = 1): 1.29
5. Ukuxinana komphunga (umoya=1): 5.08
6. Uxinzelelo lomphunga (kPa): 0.13 (12.1℃)
7. Ukushisa komlilo (kJ / mol): -2952.9
8. Ubushushu obubalulekileyo (℃): 415.3
9. Uxinzelelo olunzima (MPa): 4.86
10. I-Octanol / i-coefficient yokwahlula kwamanzi: 3.53
11. Indawo edanyazayo (℃): 72
12. Iqondo lobushushu (℃): 647
13. Umda wokudubula okuphezulu (%): 7.8
14. Umda osezantsi wokudubula (%): 1.8
15. Ukunyibilika: akunyibiliki emanzini, ukunyibilika kwi-ethanol kunye ne-ether, kwaye kulula ukunyibilika kwi-acetone.
16. Viscosity (mPa·s, 23.3ºC): 1.0450
17. Indawo yokutshisa (ºC): 648
18. Ubushushu bomphunga (KJ / mol, bp): 38.64
19. Ubushushu bokwakheka (KJ / mol, 25ºC, ulwelo): 20.47
20. Ubushushu bomlilo (KJ / mol, 25ºC, ulwelo): 2957.72
21. Umthamo wobushushu obuthile (KJ/(kg·K), 0ºC, ulwelo): 1.13
22. Ukunyibilika (%, amanzi, 20ºC): 0.0111
23. Uxinzelelo olunxulumeneyo (25℃, 4℃): 1.2828
24. Isalathisi esiqhelekileyo sokushisa kweqondo lokushisa (n25): 1.5434
25. Iparamitha yokunyibilika (J·cm-3) 0.5: 19.574
26. Indawo yaseVan der Waals (cm2 · mol-1): 8.220×109
27. Van der Waals umthamo (cm3 · mol-1): 87.300
28. Umgangatho wesigaba solwelo ubanga ubushushu (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): -20.7
29. Isigaba solwelo sinyibilika umgangatho oshushu (J·mol-1·K-1): 170.9
30. Umgangatho wesigaba segesi ubanga ukushisa (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): 25.7
31. I-entropy esemgangathweni yesigaba segesi (J·mol-1 · K-1): 343.64
32. Amandla asemgangathweni asimahla okwenziwa kwisigaba segesi (kJ · mol-1): 78.0
33. Isigaba segesi sinyibilikisa iqondo elishushu (J·mol-1·K-1): 113.90

Indlela yokugcina
Izilumkiso zokugcina [Gcina kwindawo epholileyo nengena umoya. Zigcine kude nomlilo kunye nemithombo yobushushu. Gcina isitya sivaliwe ngokuqinileyo. Kufuneka igcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwi-oxidants, i-aluminium, kunye neekhemikhali ezidliwayo, kwaye ugweme ukugcinwa okuxubileyo. Ixhotyiswe ngeentlobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nobuninzi bezixhobo zomlilo. Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngokuvuza kwezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokugcina.

Ukusombulula isisombululo:

Iindlela zokulungiselela zezi zilandelayo. Ukusebenzisa i-chlorobenzene njengento ekrwada yokuqhubela phambili i-chlorination, i-p-dichlorobenzene, i-o-dichlorobenzene kunye ne-m-dichlorobenzene ifunyenwe. Indlela yokwahlula ngokubanzi isebenzisa i-dichlorobenzene exubeneyo kwi-distillation eqhubekayo. I-para- kunye ne-meta-dichlorobenzene idistilled ukusuka phezulu kwinqaba, i-p-dichlorobenzene igalelwa ngokukhenkceza kunye necrystallization, kwaye utywala lukamama luyalungiswa ukuze lufumane i-meta-dichlorobenzene. I-o-dichlorobenzene i-flash distilled kwi-flash tower ukufumana i-o-dichlorobenzene. Okwangoku, i-dichlorobenzene exubeneyo ithatha indlela ye-adsorption kunye nokwahlula, isebenzisa i-molecular sieve njenge-adsorbent, kunye nesigaba segesi esixubene ne-dichlorobenzene singena kwi-adsorption tower, enokukhetha i-adsorb p-dichlorobenzene, kwaye ulwelo oluyintsalela yi-meta kunye ne-ortho dichlorobenzene. Ukulungiswa ukufumana i-m-dichlorobenzene kunye ne-o-dichlorobenzene. Ukushisa kwe-adsorption yi-180-200 ° C, kwaye uxinzelelo lwe-adsorption luxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo.

1. Indlela ye-Meta-phenylenediamine diazotization: I-Meta-phenylenediamine i-diazotized phambi kwe-sodium nitrite kunye ne-asidi ye-sulfuric, ubushushu be-diazotization ngu-0～5℃, kwaye i-diazonium liquid i-hydrolyzed phambi kwe-cupurous chloride ukuvelisa i-intercalation. Dichlorobenzene.

2. Indlela ye-Meta-chloroaniline: Ukusebenzisa i-meta-chloroaniline njengento eluhlaza, i-diazotization iqhutyelwa phambi kwe-nitrite ye-sodium kunye ne-hydrochloric acid, kunye ne-diazonium liquid i-hydrolyzed phambi kwe-cupurous chloride ukuvelisa i-meta-dichlorobenzene.

Phakathi kweendlela ezininzi zokulungiselela ezingentla, eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yoshishino kunye neendleko eziphantsi yindlela yokwahlula i-adsorption yedichlorobenzene exutyiweyo. Sele kukho iindawo zokuvelisa e-China zokuvelisa.

Injongo ephambili:

1. Isetyenziswe kwi-organic synthesis. I-reaction ye-Friedel-Crafts phakathi kwe-m-dichlorobenzene kunye ne-chloroacetyl chloride ivelisa i-2,4,ω-trichloroacetophenone, esetyenziswa njengendawo ephakathi kwi-wide-spectrum antifungal drug miconazole. Ukusabela kwe-chlorination kuqhutyelwa phambi kwe-chloride ye-ferric okanye i-aluminium mercury, ngokuyinhloko ivelisa i-1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Xa kukho i-catalyst, i-hydrolyzed kwi-550-850 ° C ukuvelisa i-m-chlorophenol kunye ne-resorcinol. Ukusebenzisa i-copper oxide njenge-catalyst, isabela nge-ammonia egxininisiweyo kwi-150-200 ° C phantsi koxinzelelo lokuvelisa i-m-phenylenediamine.
2. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza idayi, i-organic synthesis intermediates kunye ne-solvents.

Idatha yeToxicological:

1. Ubuthi obunzima: i-mouse intraperitoneal LD50: 1062mg / kg, akukho nkcukacha ngaphandle kwedosi ebulalayo;

2. Idatha yetyhefu ye-Multi-dose: i-tdlo yomlomo wegundane: 1470 mg / kg / 10D-I, utshintsho lwesibindi-isibindi, i-metabolism epheleleyo yezondlo, inhibition ye-calcium-enzyme, utshintsho olubangelwa okanye utshintsho kwigazi okanye amanqanaba ezicubu-phosphatase;

I-rat oral TDLo: 3330mg / kg / 90D-I, utshintsho lwe-endocrine, utshintsho kwi-serum-serum components (ezifana ne-tea polyphenols, i-bilirubin, i-cholesterol), inhibition ye-biochemical-enzyme, ukunyanzelisa okanye ukuguqula igazi okanye amanqanaba e-tissue-dehydrogenation Utshintsho lwe-Enzyme

3. Idatha ye-Mutagenicity: ukuguqulwa kofuzo kunye ne-mitosis recombinationTEST inkqubo: I-Yeast-Saccharomyces cerevisiae: 5ppm;

Uvavanyo lweMicronucleus Inkqubo ye-IntraperitonealTEST: i-rodent-rat: 175mg/kg/24H.

4. Ubuthi buphantsi kancinci kune-o-dichlorobenzene, kwaye bunokuxutywa ngesikhumba kunye ne-mucous membranes. Inokubangela ukonakala kwesibindi nezintso. I-olfactory threshold concentration yi-0.2mg/L (umgangatho wamanzi).

5. Ityhefu ebukhali LD50: 1062mg/kg (impuku efakwe emithanjeni); 1062mg/kg (umngxuma wesisu sempuku)

6. Ukucaphukisa Akukho lwazi

7. Ukuguqulwa kofuzo lwe-Mutagenic kunye nokudityaniswa kwakhona kwe-mitotic: Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5ppm. Uvavanyo lwe-Micronucleus: ulawulo lwe-intraperitoneal ye-175mg / kg (24h) kwiigundane

8. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Carcinogenicity IARC ye-carcinogenicity: Iqela le-3, ubungqina obukhoyo abukwazi ukuhlula i-carcinogenicity yabantu.