I-1,3-Dichlorobenzene lulwelo olungenambala olunevumba elibi. Alunyibiliki emanzini, lunyibilika kwi-alcohol nakwi-ether. Luyityhefu emzimbeni womntu, lucaphukisa amehlo nolusu. Lunokutsha kwaye lunokuchaphazeleka yi-chlorination, nitration, sulfonation, kunye ne-hydrolysis reactions. Lusabela ngamandla kwi-aluminium kwaye lusetyenziswa kwi-organic synthesis.

1. Iimpawu: ulwelo olungenambala olunevumba elibi.
2. Iqondo lokunyibilika (℃): -24.8
3. Iqondo lokubila (℃): 173
4. Uxinano (amanzi = 1): 1.29
5. Uxinano lomphunga oluhambelanayo (umoya = 1): 5.08
6. Uxinzelelo lomphunga ogcweleyo (kPa): 0.13 (12.1℃)
7. Ubushushu bokutsha (kJ/mol): -2952.9
8. Ubushushu obubalulekileyo (℃): 415.3
9. Uxinzelelo olubalulekileyo (MPa): 4.86
10. I-Octanol/i-coefficient yokwahlulahlula amanzi: 3.53
11. Incopho yokutsha (℃): 72
12. Ubushushu bokutsha (℃): 647
13. Umda wokuqhuma ophezulu (%): 7.8
14. Umda wokuqhuma ophantsi (%): 1.8
15. Ukunyibilika: ayinyibiliki emanzini, iyanyibilika kwi-ethanol nakwi-ether, kwaye iyanyibilika lula kwi-acetone.
16. Ukuqina (mPa·s, 23.3ºC): 1.0450
17. Indawo yokutshisa (ºC): 648
18. Ubushushu bokufuma (KJ/mol, bp): 38.64
19. Ubushushu bokwakheka (KJ/mol, 25ºC, ulwelo): 20.47
20. Ubushushu bokutsha (KJ/mol, 25ºC, ulwelo): 2957.72
21. Umthamo othile wobushushu (KJ/(kg·K), 0ºC, ulwelo): 1.13
22. Ukunyibilika (%, amanzi, 20ºC): 0.0111
23. Uxinano oluhambelanayo (25℃, 4℃): 1.2828
24. Isalathisi sokuchasana nobushushu obuqhelekileyo (n25): 1.5434
25. Ipharamitha yokunyibilika (J·cm-3) 0.5: 19.574
26. Indawo yaseVan der Waals (cm2 · mol-1): 8.220×109
27. Van der Waals umthamo (cm3 · mol-1): 87.300
28. Umgangatho wesigaba solwelo ubanga ubushushu (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): -20.7
29. I-hot melt eqhelekileyo yesigaba solwelo (J·mol-1·K-1): 170.9
30. Umgangatho wesigaba segesi ubanga ubushushu (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): 25.7
31. I-entropy eqhelekileyo yesigaba segesi (J·mol-1·K-1): 343.64
32. Amandla asimahla aqhelekileyo okwakheka kwinqanaba legesi (kJ·mol-1): 78.0
33. I-gas phase hot melt eqhelekileyo (J·mol-1·K-1): 113.90

Indlela yokugcina
Amanyathelo okugcina [Gcina kwindawo yokugcina izinto epholileyo, enomoya opholileyo. Gcina kude nomlilo kunye nemithombo yobushushu. Gcina isikhongozeli sivaliwe kakuhle. Kufuneka sigcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwii-oxidants, i-aluminium, kunye neekhemikhali ezityiwayo, kwaye uphephe ukugcinwa okuxutyiweyo. Sixhotyiswe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobungakanani bezixhobo zomlilo. Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo oluvuzayo kunye nezixhobo zokugcina ezifanelekileyo.

Ukusombulula isisombululo:

Iindlela zokulungiselela zezi zilandelayo. Ukusebenzisa i-chlorobenzene njengezinto eziluhlaza zokufumana i-chlorination engaphezulu, kufunyanwa i-p-dichlorobenzene, i-o-dichlorobenzene kunye ne-m-dichlorobenzene. Indlela yokwahlula ngokubanzi isebenzisa i-dichlorobenzene exutyiweyo yokunyibilikisa okuqhubekayo. I-para- kunye ne-meta-dichlorobenzene zinyibilikiswa ukusuka phezulu kwinqaba, i-p-dichlorobenzene ikhutshwa ngokuqandisa kunye ne-crystallization, kwaye utywala obungumama buyalungiswa ukuze kufunyanwe i-meta-dichlorobenzene. I-o-dichlorobenzene inyibilikiswa kwi-flash tower ukuze kufunyanwe i-o-dichlorobenzene. Okwangoku, i-dichlorobenzene exutyiweyo isebenzisa indlela yokufunxa kunye nokwahlula, isebenzisa isihluzo se-molecular njenge-adsorbent, kwaye i-gas phase mixed dichlorobenzene ingena kwinqaba yokufunxa, enokukhetha ukufunxa i-p-dichlorobenzene, kwaye ulwelo oluseleyo yi-meta kunye ne-ortho dichlorobenzene. Ukulungiswa ukuze kufunyanwe i-m-dichlorobenzene kunye ne-o-dichlorobenzene. Ubushushu bokufunxa yi-180-200°C, kwaye uxinzelelo lokufunxa luxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo.

1. Indlela ye-diazotization ye-Meta-phenylenediamine: I-Meta-phenylenediamine i-diazotized xa kukho i-sodium nitrite kunye ne-sulfuric acid, ubushushu be-diazotization yi-0 ~ 5 ℃, kwaye ulwelo lwe-diazonium lufakwa kwi-hydrolyzed xa kukho i-cuprous chloride ukuze kuveliswe i-intercalation. I-Dichlorobenzene.

2. Indlela ye-Meta-chloroaniline: Ukusebenzisa i-meta-chloroaniline njengezinto eziluhlaza, i-diazotization yenziwa xa kukho i-sodium nitrite kunye ne-hydrochloric acid, kwaye ulwelo lwe-diazonium lufakwa kwi-hydrolyzed xa kukho i-cuprous chloride ukuvelisa i-meta-dichlorobenzene.

Phakathi kweendlela ezininzi zokulungiselela ezingentla, eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokuphucula amashishini kunye nexabiso eliphantsi yindlela yokwahlulahlula i-adsorption ye-dichlorobenzene exutyiweyo. Sele kukho iindawo zokuvelisa eTshayina.

Injongo ephambili:

1. Isetyenziswa kwi-organic synthesis. I-Friedel-Crafts reaction phakathi kwe-m-dichlorobenzene kunye ne-chloroacetyl chloride ivelisa i-2,4,ω-trichloroacetophenone, esetyenziswa njenge-intermediate ye-miconazole ye-broad-spectrum antifungal drug. I-chlorination reaction yenziwa xa kukho i-ferric chloride okanye i-aluminium mercury, ikakhulu ivelisa i-1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Xa kukho i-catalyst, i-hydrolyzed kwi-550-850°C ukuvelisa i-m-chlorophenol kunye ne-resorcinol. Isebenzisa i-copper oxide njenge-catalyst, isabela ne-ammonia exineneyo kwi-150-200°C phantsi koxinzelelo ukuvelisa i-m-phenylenediamine.
2. Isetyenziswa ekwenzeni idayi, izinto ezidityanisiweyo ze-organic synthesis kunye nezinyibilikisi.

Idatha yetyhefu:

1. Ubuthi obuyingozi: igundane elingaphakathi kwesisu LD50: 1062mg/kg, akukho nkcukacha ngaphandle kwedosi ebulalayo;

2. Idatha yetyhefu yeedosi ezininzi: i-TDLo yomlomo yegundane: 1470 mg/kg/10D-I, utshintsho kubunzima besibindi nesibindi, imetabolism iyonke yezakhamzimba, ukuthintela i-calcium-enzyme, utshintsho olubangelwayo okanye utshintsho kumanqanaba egazi okanye ezicubu-i-phosphatase ；

I-TDLo yomlomo wegundane: 3330mg/kg/90D-I, utshintsho lwe-endocrine, utshintsho kwiinxalenye zegazi-serum (ezifana nee-polyphenols zeti, i-bilirubin, i-cholesterol), ukuthintela ii-enzyme ze-biochemical, ukukhuthaza okanye ukutshintsha amanqanaba egazi okanye ezicubu-ukuphelelwa yi-hydrogenation Utshintsho lwe-enzyme

3. Idatha yeMutagenicity: ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-mitosis Inkqubo yoVAVANYO: I-Yeast-Saccharomyces cerevisiae: 5ppm;

Uvavanyo lwe-micronucleus Inkqubo yoVAVANYO lwe-Intraperitoneal: i-rodent-rat: 175mg/kg/24H.

4. Ubuthi buphantsi kancinci kune-o-dichlorobenzene, kwaye bunokufunxwa lusu kunye neenwebu ze-mucous. Ingabangela umonakalo kwisibindi nakwizintso. Ubungakanani bomda wokunuka yi-0.2mg/L (umgangatho wamanzi).

5. Ubuthi obuyingozi kakhulu LD50: 1062mg/kg (ifakwa kwi-intravenous yegundane); 1062mg/kg (kwisisu segundane)

6. Ukucaphuka Akukho lwazi

7. Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo zeMutagenic kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-mitotic: I-Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5ppm. Uvavanyo lwe-Micronucleus: ukulawulwa kwe-175mg/kg (iiyure ezingama-24) ngaphakathi kwesisu kwiimpuku

8. Uhlolo lwe-IARC malunga nomhlaza: Iqela lesi-3, ubungqina obukhoyo abukwazi ukuhlulahlula umhlaza ebantwini.