I-Dimethylformamide (isifinyezo se-DMF), ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-N,N-dimethylformamide, yindawo ye-dimethylformamide, kwaye omabini amaqela e-methyl abekwe kwi-athomu ye-N (nitrogen), ngoko ke ligama. Njengomathiriyeli obalulekileyo weekhemikhali kunye ne-solvent egqwesileyo, i-DMF isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-polyurethane, i-acrylic, izongezo zokutya, amayeza, amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi, idayi, i-elektroniki kunye namanye amashishini.

I-DMF ilulwelo olungenambala noluselubala olunendawo yokubilisa ephezulu, indawo ephantsi yokukhenkceza, ikhemikhali elungileyo kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal, kwaye iyaxubana namanzi kunye nezona zinyibilikisiweyo zininzi. Yinto esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-solvent ye-chemical reactions kwaye ibizwa ngokuba "i-solvent jikelele": i-DMF isetyenzisiweyo I-fiber ye-acrylic eveliswa yinkqubo eyomileyo yokujikeleza ye-solvent-based acrylic fiber ineempawu ze-hydrophobicity enhle, amandla okugquma anamandla, ukuthungwa okuthambileyo, kunye nokuziva isandla esomeleleyo; kwimveliso yesikhumba se-polyester emanzi, i-DMF ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlamba kunye nokunyanga i-polyurethane resin. Isetyenziselwa ukugquma izinto ezahlukeneyo ezandisiweyo, kwaye xa isetyenziselwa ukudaya kwesikhumba, inokwenza umbala weyunifomu yesikhumba kwaye ungapheli; ngenxa yesakhono esinamandla sokunyibilika, iDMF isetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa kwidayi kwaye isetyenziselwa ukudaya iintsinga zokwenziwa, ezinokuphucula ukufana kwesikhumba. Iimpawu zokudaya; njenge-solvent ekhethiweyo esetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokwahlula, i-DMF ingasetyenziselwa ukunyuswa okukhethiweyo kwee-hydrocarbons ezahlukeneyo kunye neegesi ze-inorganic. Ngokomzekelo, i-DMF isetyenziselwa ukuhlamba i-ethylene ukususa i-acetylene, ngaloo ndlela ihlambulula i-ethylene. I-DMF ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha i-isoprene, i-piperylene, njl njl kwi-gas yokukhupha i-ethylene plant production for synthesis of unsaturated resin; I-DMF isenokusetyenziswa njengesinyibilikisi esikhethiweyo kwiinkqubo zokutsalwa kwintsimi yepetroleum processing. Umzekelo: kwiinkqubo ze-polycarboxylic acid ezineepropati ezifanayo kwaye kunzima ukuhlukana, njenge-isophthalic acid kunye ne-terephthalic acid, ziyakwazi ukuhlukana ngokulula nge-DMF ye-solvent extraction okanye i-stepwise recrystallization.

Ekuphenduleni kwezinto eziphilayo, i-dimethylformamide ayisetyenziswanga ngokubanzi njenge-solvent yokuphendula, kodwa iyindawo ebalulekileyo ephakathi kwi-organic synthesis. Kwishishini lamachiza, njengeyeza eliphakathi, lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso ye-doxycycline, i-cortisone, kunye neziyobisi ze-sulfonamide; kushishino lwezitshabalalisi, isetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo nezinetyhefu ephantsi nezibulala izinambuzane.

Njengendlela yokusabela kwi-chemical synthesis, i-DMF ingasetyenziselwa njenge-solvent ye-crystallization yokuhlanjululwa kwamayeza. Kwishishini le-elektroniki, lingasetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa i-viscosity ye-agent ephilisayo ye-laminates yobhedu. I-DMF ingasetyenziselwa njenge-solvent ye-carrier ukuze yenze i-polymeric crystal kunye ne-BF3 (i-boron trifluoride), eyenza i-BF3 itshintshe ukusuka kwigesi ukuya eqinile kwaye kulula ukuyihambisa. Njenge-polar (hydrophilic) i-solvent ye-aprotic enendawo ephezulu yokubilisa, inokukhuthaza i-bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN₂) indlela. Ukongezelela, i-dimethylformamide inempembelelo ye-catalytic kwi-hydrogenation, i-dehydrogenation, i-dehydration kunye ne-dehydrohalogenation reactions, eyanciphisa ukushisa kwe-reaction kunye nokuphucula ukucoceka kwemveliso.

Kubonakala ngathi i-DMF ifanelekile kwisihloko esithi "i-solvent jikelele". Olu hlobo losetyenziso luya kuba nzima ukugqwesa ngexesha elifutshane.

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