Umhleli weeNgozi zeNdalo

I. Iingozi zempilo

Indlela yokungena: Ukuphefumla, ukuginya, ukufunxwa nge-percutaneous.

Iingozi zempilo: Njenge-aniline, kodwa ibuthathaka kune-aniline, inokubangela izilonda xa ulusu ludibana. Ukufunxwa kukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwe-methemoglobin kunye ne-cyanosis. Isicaphucaphu, isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nemiphumo yegazi inokwenzeka emva kokudibana.

Idatha yetyhefu kunye nokuziphatha kokusingqongileyo

Ubuthi obuyingozi: LD501410mg/kg (impuku etyalwayo); 1770mg/kg (imvundla etyalwayo)

IIMPAHLA EZIYINGOZI: Kwimeko yomlilo ovulekileyo, ubushushu obuphezulu okanye ukudibana ne-oxidizing agent, kukho umngcipheko wokutsha nokuqhuma. Umsi we-nitrogen oxide onetyhefu ukhutshwa kukubola kobushushu.

Iimveliso zokutsha (ukubola): i-carbon monoxide, i-carbon dioxide, ii-nitrogen oxides.

Ukuhlela indlela yokubeka esweni

Indlela ye-Gas Chromatography yokuQwalasela izinto eziyingozi emoyeni (uHlelo lwesibini), ihlelwe nguHang Shih-ping [2]

Umhleli wemigangatho yokusingqongileyo

eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union

Ubuninzi obuvumelekileyo bezinto ezinobungozi emoyeni kwigumbi lesithuthi

0.2mg/m3

I-USSR yangaphambili (1977)

Ubuninzi obuvumelekileyo bezinto ezinobungozi emoyeni kwiindawo zokuhlala

0.0055mg/m3 (ixabiso eliphezulu, umyinge wasemini/ebusuku)

I-USSR yangaphambili (1975)

Uxinzelelo oluphezulu oluvumelekileyo lwezinto eziyingozi emanzini

0.1mg/L

Ukuhlelwa kwendlela yokulahla

Impendulo yokuchitheka

Bakhuphe abasebenzi kwindawo engcolileyo echithekileyo baye kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, bathintele abasebenzi abangadibaniyo ukuba bangene kwindawo engcolileyo, kwaye banqumle umthombo womlilo. Kucetyiswa ukuba abaphenduli bexesha likaxakeka banxibe izixhobo zokuphefumla ezizimeleyo (SCBA) kunye neempahla zokuzikhusela zamakhemikhali. Musa ukudibana ngqo nokuchithekayo, kwaye uvale ukuvuza ngelixa uqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Ukutshiza inkungu yamanzi kuya kunciphisa ukufuma, kodwa akuyi kunciphisa ukutsha kokuchitheka kwindawo evalekileyo. Funxa ngomxube wesanti okanye enye i-sorbent engenakutsha kwaye uyiqokelele ukuze ilahlwe kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma. Ukuba kuchitheke ukuchitheka okukhulu, kusetyenziswa ugcino olusebenzisa ii-berms, kulandele ukuqokelelwa, ukudluliselwa, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe, okanye ukulahla ngaphandle konyango oluyingozi.

Indlela yokulahla inkunkuma: ukutshisa, i-incinerator enegumbi lokutshisa emva kokutshisa, ii-nitrogen oxides ezivela kwi-incinerator ngokusebenzisa i-scrubber ukuze zisuswe.

Amanyathelo okukhusela

Ukhuseleko lokuphefumla: Nxiba imaski yegesi xa kukho umngcipheko wokufumana umphunga. Nxiba isixhobo sokuphefumla esizimeleyo (SCBA) xa kwenzeka uhlangulo olungxamisekileyo okanye ukubaleka.

Ukukhusela amehlo: Nxiba iiglasi zokhuseleko ezinekhemikhali.

Impahla Yokuzikhusela: Nxiba ii-ovaroli ezineemikhono eziqinileyo kunye nezihlangu zerabha ezinde.

Ukukhusela izandla: Nxiba iiglavu zerabha.

Ezinye: Ukutshaya, ukutya nokusela akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo kwindawo yokusebenza. Tshintsha kwaye uhlambe impahla yomsebenzi ngokukhawuleza. Musa ukusela utywala ngaphambi okanye emva komsebenzi, kwaye sebenzisa amanzi afudumeleyo xa uhlamba. Jonga ubuthi. Yenza uvavanyo lwezonyango ngaphambi komsebenzi kunye nolwexesha elithile.

Amanyathelo oNcedo lokuQala

Ukudibana nolusu: Susa impahla engcolileyo ngoko nangoko uze uhlambe kakuhle ngesepha namanzi. Nika ingqalelo ezandleni, ezinyaweni nasezinzipho.

Ukudibana Kwamehlo: Phakamisa amehlo ngoko nangoko uze uhlambe ngamanzi amaninzi abalekayo okanye isisombululo se-saline.

Ukuphefumla: susa ngokukhawuleza kwindawo leyo uye emoyeni omtsha. Nika ioksijini ukuba kukho ingxaki yokuphefumla. Ukuba kukho ingxaki yokuphefumla, vuselela umoya ngoko nangoko. Funa uncedo lwezonyango.

Ukuginya: hlamba isisu, usele amanzi, uhlambe isisu uze unike i-activated charcoal ngomlomo ukuze ubangele urhudo xa uthe waginya ngengozi. Funa uncedo lwezonyango.

Indlela yokucima umlilo: amanzi enkungu, igwebu, ikharbon diokside, umgubo owomileyo, isanti.

Ukuhlela indlela yemveliso

Ifunyanwa ngokuphendula phakathi kwe-aniline kunye ne-methanol xa kukho i-sulfuric acid kubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza: i-aniline 790kg/t, i-methanol 625kg/t, i-sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Ukuphendula kwe-aniline kunye ne-trimethyl phosphate kungalungiswa kwilebhu.

Ukuhlela umsebenzi kunye nokusetyenziswa

Yinto ephambili ekrwada yeyeza lokulwa nokuvuvukala kunye ne-analgesic "iMefenamic acid", kwaye ingasetyenziswa njengesixhobo esiphakathi sedayi, izibulala-zinambuzane kunye nezinye iimveliso zeekhemikhali.

Ukunyibilika: Akunyibiliki emanzini, kuyanyibilika kwisisombululo se-asidi, i-ethanol, i-ether, i-chloroform, i-carbon tetrachloride, i-benzene.

Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: Isetyenziswa njengesixhobo esiphakathi sedayi, esetyenziswa ekuveliseni i-vanillin, idayi ye-azo, idayi ye-triphenylmethane, ingasetyenziswa njenge-solvent, i-stabilizer, i-analytical reagent, njl.

Ukusetyenziswa: Ngokwesiqhelo isisombululo se-10% se-styrene, esaziwa ngokuba yi-#2 accelerant. Sisetyenziswa rhoqo kunye ne-2# curing agent (i-dibenzoyl peroxide). Yinkqubo yokufunxa esebenza kakhulu apho i-resin iqulethe inani elikhulu le-phenol yamahhala okanye apho i-polyester molecular chain iqulethe isakhiwo esikhulu se-molecular branched. (umz. kwi-vinyl ester resin curing, i-bisphenol A type polyester resin curing, i-chlorinated bridge anhydride type polyester resin, njl.njl.)

Indlela yemveliso

hlela

Ifunyanwa ngokuphendula phakathi kwe-aniline kunye ne-methanol xa kukho i-sulfuric acid kubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza: i-aniline 790kg/t, i-methanol 625kg/t, i-sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Ukuphendula kwe-aniline kunye ne-trimethyl phosphate kungalungiswa kwilebhu.

Umsebenzi kunye nokusetyenziswa

hlela

Yinto ephambili ekrwada yeyeza lokulwa nokuvuvukala kunye ne-analgesic "iMefenamic acid", kwaye ingasetyenziswa njengesixhobo esiphakathi sedayi, izibulala-zinambuzane kunye nezinye iimveliso zeekhemikhali.

Ukunyibilika: Akunyibiliki emanzini, kuyanyibilika kwisisombululo se-asidi, i-ethanol, i-ether, i-chloroform, i-carbon tetrachloride, i-benzene.

Eyona Ndlela Isetyenziswa Ngayo: Isetyenziswa njengesixhobo esiphakathi sedayi, esetyenziswa ekuveliseni i-vanillin, idayi ye-azo, idayi ye-triphenylmethane, ingasetyenziswa njenge-solvent, i-stabilizer, i-analytical reagent, njl.

Ukusetyenziswa: Ngokwesiqhelo isisombululo se-10% se-styrene, esaziwa ngokuba yi-#2 accelerant. Sisetyenziswa rhoqo kunye ne-2# curing agent (i-dibenzoyl peroxide). Yinkqubo yokufunxa esebenza kakhulu apho i-resin iqulethe inani elikhulu le-phenol yamahhala okanye apho i-polyester molecular chain iqulethe isakhiwo esikhulu se-molecular branched. (umz., kwi-vinyl ester resin curing, i-curing ye-bisphenol A polyester resins, i-chlorinated bridge anhydride polyester resins, njl.njl.)

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