Umhleli weeNgozi zeNdalo

I. Iingozi zempilo

Indlela yokuhlasela: Ukuphefumla, ukungeniswa, ukufunxa nge-percutaneous.

Iingozi zempilo: Ngokufana ne-aniline, kodwa ibuthathaka kune-aniline, inokubangela isilonda kuqhagamshelwano lwesikhumba. Ukufunxa kukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwe-methemoglobin kunye ne-cyanosis. I-nausea, isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu kunye nemiphumo yegazi ingenzeka emva koqhagamshelwano.

Idatha ye-Toxicological kunye nokuziphatha kokusingqongileyo

Ubuthi obunzima: LD501410mg/kg (impuku yomlomo); 1770mg/kg (umvundla percutaneous)

IIMPAWU EZIYINGOZI: Kwimeko yomlilo ovulekileyo, ukushisa okuphezulu okanye ukudibana ne-oxidizing agent, kukho umngcipheko wokutshisa kunye nokuqhuma. Imiphunga yenitrogen oxide enetyhefu ikhutshwa kukubola kobushushu.

Ukutsha (ukubola) iimveliso: i-carbon monoxide, i-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen oxides.

Indlela yokubeka iliso yokuhlela

Indlela yeChromatography yeGesi yokuQinisekiswa kwezinto ezinobungozi emoyeni (uHlelo lweSibini), ehlelwe nguHang Shih-ping [2]

Umhleli wemigangatho yokusingqongileyo

eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union

Ubuninzi obuvumelekileyo bezinto ezinobungozi emoyeni kwigumbi lemoto

0.2mg/m3

I-USSR yangaphambili (1977)

Ubuninzi obuvumelekileyo bezinto ezinobungozi emoyeni kwiindawo zokuhlala

0.0055mg/m3(elona xabiso liphezulu, umndilili wosuku/ubusuku)

I-USSR yangaphambili (1975)

Uxinaniso oluphezulu oluvumelekileyo lwezinto ezinobungozi kwimizila yamanzi

0.1mg/L

Ukulahlwa kwendlela yokuhlela

Phendula impendulo

Khupha abasebenzi kwindawo engcolisekileyo yokuchitheka ubase kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, ukuthintela abasebenzi abanganxulumananga nokungena kwindawo engcolisekileyo, kwaye unqumle umthombo womlilo. Kucetyiswa ukuba abaphenduli bexesha likaxakeka banxibe izixhobo zokuphefumla ezizimeleyo (SCBA) kunye nempahla ekhuselayo yeekhemikhali. Musa ukudibana ngqo nokuchitheka, kwaye uvale indawo evuzayo ngelixa uqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Ukutshiza inkungu yamanzi kuya kunciphisa ukuvela kwamanzi, kodwa akuyi kunciphisa ukutsha kokuchitheka kwindawo evaliweyo. Funxa ngomxube wesanti okanye enye i-sorbent engatshayo kwaye uqokelele ukulahlwa kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma. Ukuba ukuchitheka okukhulu kuchithiwe, isithintelo kusetyenziswa iiberms, kulandelwa kukuqokelelwa, ukudluliselwa, ukurisayikilishwa, okanye ukulahlwa ngaphandle konyango oluyingozi.

Indlela yokulahla inkunkuma: ukutshisa inkunkuma, isitshisi esinegumbi lokutsha, iioksidi zenitrogen ezisuka kwisitshisi ngokusebenzisa isikrabha ukuze zisuswe.

Amanyathelo okukhusela

Ukhuseleko lokuphefumla: Nxiba isigqubuthelo segesi xa kukho umngcipheko wokuvezwa ngumphunga. Nxiba izixhobo zokuphefumla ezizimeleyo (SCBA) kwimeko yohlangulo olungxamisekileyo okanye ukubaleka.

Ukukhuselwa kwamehlo: Nxiba iiglasi zokhuseleko lwekhemikhali.

Impahla ekhuselayo: Nxiba iiovaroli ezinemikhono eqinile kunye neebhutsi zerabha ezinde.

Ukhuseleko lwesandla: Nxiba iiglavu zerabha.

Abanye: Ukutshaya, ukutya nokusela akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo kwindawo ekusetyenzwa kuyo. Tshintsha kwaye uhlambe iimpahla zokusebenza ngokukhawuleza. Musa ukusela utywala phambi okanye emva komsebenzi, kwaye usebenzise amanzi afudumeleyo xa uhlamba. Beka esweni iityhefu. Ukuqhuba iimviwo zangaphambi kokuqeshwa kunye nezonyango ngamaxesha athile.

Amanyathelo oNcedo lokuQala

Ukuthintana nolusu: Susa impahla engcolisekileyo ngoko nangoko kwaye uhlambe ngocoselelo ngesepha namanzi. Nika ingqalelo kwizandla, iinyawo kunye nezikhonkwane.

Ukuqhagamshelana kwamehlo: Phakamisa ngokukhawuleza iinkophe uze uhlambulule ngamanzi amaninzi ahambayo okanye isisombululo se-saline.

Ukuphefumla: susa ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kumoya omtsha. Lawula ioksijini ukuba kukho ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumla. Ukuba kubanjwe ukuphefumla, vuselela ngokukhawuleza. Funa unyango.

Ukuginya: rhubuluza, sela amanzi, uhlambe isisu emva koko unike ngomlomo amalahle asebenze ukuba enze urhudo xa uthe wangenwa ngempazamo. Funa unyango.

Indlela yokucima umlilo: amanzi enkungu, ugwebu, icarbon dioxide, umgubo owomileyo, isanti.

Ukuhlelwa kwendlela yokuvelisa

Ifunyenwe ngokusabela phakathi kwe-aniline kunye ne-methanol phambi kwe-asidi ye-sulfuric kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza: i-aniline 790kg / t, i-methanol 625kg / t, i-sulfuric acid 85kg / t. Ukusabela kwe-aniline kunye ne-trimethyl phosphate kunokulungiswa elabhoratri.

Umsebenzi kunye nokusetyenziswa ukuhlela

Yiyona nto iphambili ye-anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug "Mefenamic acid", kwaye ingasetyenziselwa njengento ephakathi kwedayi, i-pesticides kunye nezinye iimveliso zamakhemikhali.

Ukunyibilika: Akunyibiliki emanzini, kunyibilika kwisinyibiliko seasidi, ethanol, ether, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene.

Usetyenziso oluphambili: Isetyenziswa njengendawo ephakathi yedayi, esetyenziswa kwimveliso ye-vanillin, i-azo dyestuff, i-triphenylmethane dyestuff, inokusetyenziswa njenge-solvent, i-stabilizer, i-reagent yohlalutyo, njl.

Isicelo: Ngokuqhelekileyo isisombululo se-10% se-styrene, eyaziwa ngokuba yi- #2 ye-accelerant. Isetyenziswa rhoqo kunye ne-2# ye-ejenti yokunyanga (i-dibenzoyl peroxide). Yinkqubo esebenzayo kakhulu yokunyanga apho i-resin iqulethe inani elikhulu le-phenol yamahhala okanye apho i-polyester molecular chain iqulethe isakhiwo esikhulu se-molecular branched. (umzekelo, ukunyanga i-vinyl ester resin, i-bisphenol A uhlobo lokunyanga intlaka ye-polyester, ibhulorho ene-chlorinated i-anhydride uhlobo lwe-polyester resin, njl.njl.)

Indlela yokuvelisa

hlela

Ifunyenwe ngokusabela phakathi kwe-aniline kunye ne-methanol phambi kwe-asidi ye-sulfuric kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza: i-aniline 790kg / t, i-methanol 625kg / t, i-sulfuric acid 85kg / t. Ukusabela kwe-aniline kunye ne-trimethyl phosphate kunokulungiswa elabhoratri.

Umsebenzi kunye nokusetyenziswa

hlela

Yiyona nto iphambili ye-anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug "Mefenamic acid", kwaye ingasetyenziselwa njengento ephakathi kwedayi, i-pesticides kunye nezinye iimveliso zamakhemikhali.

Ukunyibilika: Akunyibiliki emanzini, kunyibilika kwisinyibiliko seasidi, ethanol, ether, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene.

Usetyenziso oluphambili: Isetyenziswa njengendawo ephakathi yedayi, esetyenziswa kwimveliso ye-vanillin, i-azo dyestuff, i-triphenylmethane dyestuff, inokusetyenziswa njenge-solvent, i-stabilizer, i-reagent yohlalutyo, njl.

Isicelo: Ngokuqhelekileyo isisombululo se-10% se-styrene, eyaziwa ngokuba yi- #2 ye-accelerant. Isetyenziswa rhoqo kunye ne-2# ye-ejenti yokunyanga (i-dibenzoyl peroxide). Yinkqubo esebenzayo kakhulu yokunyanga apho i-resin iqulethe inani elikhulu le-phenol yamahhala okanye apho i-polyester molecular chain iqulethe isakhiwo esikhulu se-molecular branched. (umzekelo, ukunyanga i-vinyl ester resin, ukunyangwa kwe-bisphenol A ii-polyester resins, i-chlorinated bridge anhydride polyester resins, njl.

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