I-Paint Stripper Super Paint Stripper / isikhiphi sepeyinti

 I-Paint Stripper Super Paint Stripper / isikhiphi sepeyinti

Iimbonakalo:

l Isixhobo sokususa ipeyinti eco-friendly

l I-non-corrosion, sebenzisa ukhuseleko kwaye usebenze ngokulula

l Ayiqukethe iasidi, benzene kunye nezinye izinto eziyingozi

l Ingaphinda isetyenziswe ngokucoca ifilimu yepeyinti kunye nepeyinti ye-slag kwisisombululo

l Ungayisusa i-phenolic resin, i-acrylic, i-epoxy, i-polyurethane yokugqiba ipeyinti kunye nepeyinti yokuqala ngokukhawuleza.

 

Inkqubo yesicelo:

l Imbonakalo: Ulwelo olungenambala ukuya kumdaka okhanyayo ocacileyo

l Indlela yonyango: Ukudipha

l Ixesha lonyango: 1-15min

l Ubushushu bonyango: 15-35℃

l Unyango lweposi: Gubha ifilimu yepeyinti eshiyekileyo ngokusebenzisa amanzi anoxinzelelo oluphezulu

Isaziso:

1. Izilumkiso

(1) Akuvumelekanga ukuyiphatha ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle kokhuseleko lokhuseleko;

(2) Nxiba iiglavu zokhuseleko kunye neglavu ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise

(3) Gcina kude nobushushu, yitshise kwaye uyigcine kwindawo enomthunzi, nengena umoya

2. Amanyathelo oncedo lokuqala

1. Yihlambe ngamanzi amaninzi ngokukhawuleza, ukuba udibene nolusu kunye neliso.Emva koko ucele iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza.

2. Sela ~ 10% ye-sodium carbonate aqueous ngokukhawuleza, xa kwenzeka uginya isisusi sepeyinti.Emva koko ucele iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza.

 

Isicelo:

l Intsimbi yeCarbon

l Iphepha elenziwe ngegalvanized

l Ingxubevange yeAluminiyam

l Magnesium ingxubevange

l Ubhedu, iglasi, iinkuni kunye neplastiki njl

 

Ukupakishwa, ukugcinwa kunye nokuthutha:

l Ifumaneka nge-200 kg / ibhere okanye i-25 kg / umgqomo

Ixesha lokugcinwa: ~iinyanga ezili-12 kwizikhongozeli ezivaliweyo, ezinomthunzi kunye nendawo eyomileyo

Ukuhluthwa kwepeyinti kunye neplastiki

Ukuhluthwa kwepeyinti kunye neplastiki

intshayelelo

Okwangoku, ukuphuhliswa kwepeyinti yepeyinti e-China kukhawuleza kakhulu, kodwa kusekho ezinye iingxaki, ezifana netyhefu ephezulu, umphumo onganelisiyo wokuqhawula ipeyinti kunye nongcoliseko olubi.Umgangatho ophezulu, umxholo weteknoloji ephezulu kunye neemveliso eziphezulu zexabiso ezongeziweyo zimbalwa.Kwinkqubo yokulungiswa kwepeyinti yokupeyinta, iparafini iwax ihlala yongezwa, nangona inokuthintela isinyibilikisi ukuba singaguquguquki ngokukhawuleza, kodwa emva kokuchithwa kwepeyinti, i-wax yeparafini ihlala ihleli phezu kwento eza kupeyintwa, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuyicoca ngokupheleleyo. susa i-wax yeparafini, ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zomphezulu oza kupeyintwa, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukususa i-wax yeparafini, okuzisa ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwi-coating elandelayo.Ukongeza, ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso lwentlalo, abantu baya beqaphela ngakumbi ukukhuselwa kwendalo kwaye banemfuno ephezulu nangaphezulu yeepeyinti zepeyinti.Kangangeminyaka emininzi, ishishini lepeyinti belizama ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinyibilikisi.Nangona kunjalo, i-solvents ibaluleke kakhulu ukupeyinta i-strippers, kwaye ngoko ke ukukhethwa kwe-solvents kubaluleke kakhulu.Inqaku le-612 ye-German Technical Specification (TRGS) isoloko ithintela ukusetyenziswa kwe-methylene chloride strippers ukuze kuncitshiswe iingozi zemisebenzi.Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo kwee-strippers zepeyinti ze-methylene chloride ngabahombisi ngaphandle kokukhathalela ukhuseleko lwendawo yokusebenza.Zombini ii-solids eziphezulu kunye neenkqubo ezisekelwe kumanzi zikhetho ukwenzela ukunciphisa umxholo we-solvent kunye nokudala imveliso ekhuselekileyo ukuyisebenzisa.Ke ngoko, izinto eziguquguqukayo zepeyinti ezisebenza ngamanzi ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo ziya kuba yindlela eya phambili kubahluli bepeyinti.I-high-tech, i-high-grade strippers yepeyinti enomxholo ophezulu ithembisa kakhulu.

Songa hlela lo mhlathi wepeyinti iintlobo ze stripper

1) Ipeyinti yepeyinti yealkaline

Ipeyinti yepeyinti yealkaline ngokubanzi iqulethe izinto zealkaline (ezidla ngokusetyenziswa i-sodium hydroxide, i-soda ash, iglasi yamanzi, njl. njl.), ii-surfactants, i-corrosion inhibitors, njl., ezifudunyezwa xa zisetyenziswa.Kwelinye icala, ialkali icoca amanye amaqela kwipeyinti kwaye inyibilika emanzini;ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-steam eshushu ipheka ifilimu yokugqoka, ibangela ukuba ilahlekelwe amandla kwaye inciphise ukunamathela kwayo kwintsimbi, leyo, kunye nomphumo wokungena kwe-surfactant, ukungena kunye nokudibanisa, ekugqibeleni kubangela ukuba i-coating endala ibhujiswe.Iyatshonela.

2) Ipeyinti yepeyinti ye-Acid.

Isihluli sepeyinti ye-Acid sisihluli sepeyinti esenziwe ngeeasidi ezomeleleyo ezifana ne-concentrated sulfuric acid, i-hydrochloric acid, i-phosphoric acid kunye ne-nitric acid.Ngenxa yokuba i-hydrochloric acid egxininisiweyo kunye ne-nitric acid iguquguquka ngokulula kwaye ivelise inkungu ye-asidi, kwaye ibe nefuthe elonakalisayo kwi-substrate yesinyithi, kwaye i-asidi ye-phosphoric egxininisiweyo ithatha ixesha elide ukuba iphele ipeyinti kwaye inefuthe elibi kwi-substrate, ngoko ke, ezi asidi zintathu zingasentla zinqabile. esetyenziselwa ukucima ipeyinti.I-asidi ye-sulfuric egxininisiweyo kunye ne-aluminiyam, isinyithi kunye nezinye i-metals passivation reaction, ngoko i-corrosion yesinyithi incinci kakhulu, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ine-dehydration enamandla, i-carbonization kunye ne-sulfonation yezinto eziphilayo kwaye iyenze inyibilikiswe emanzini, ngoko i-asidi ye-sulfuric egxininisiweyo idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo. isetyenziswe kwi-acid stripper yepeyinti.

I-3) I-stripper yepeyinti ye-solvent eqhelekileyo

Isihluli sepeyinti esinyibilikayo esiqhelekileyo siqulunqwe ngumxube we-solvent eqhelekileyo ye-organic kunye neparafini, njenge-T-1, T-2, T-3 ipeyinti yokuhlutha ipeyinti;Ipeyinti ye-T-1 yepeyinti yenziwe nge-ethyl acetate, i-acetone, i-ethanol, i-benzene, iparafini;I-T-2 yenziwe nge-ethyl acetate, i-acetone, i-methanol, i-benzene kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi kunye neparafini;I-T-3 yenziwe nge-methylene chloride, i-plexiglass, i-plexi-glass kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi.I-Ethanol, i-wax yeparafini, njl.Banempembelelo yokuqhawula ipeyinti kwipeyinti ye-alkyd, ipeyinti ye-nitro, ipeyinti ye-acrylic kunye nepeyinti ye-perchlorethylene.Nangona kunjalo, i-solvent ye-organic kulolu hlobo lwepeyinti yepeyinti iyaguquguquka, inokutsha kunye netyhefu, ngoko kufuneka isetyenziswe kwindawo enomoya.

4) I-chlorinated hydrocarbon ye-solvent stripper yepeyinti

Isilayishi sepeyinti esinyibilikisiweyo se-chlorinated hydrocarbon sombulula ingxaki yokuhluthwa kwepeyinti ye-epoxy kunye ne-polyurethane yokwambathisa, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu kunye nokungadleki kancinci kwiintsimbi.Ikakhulu inezinyibilikisi (iipeyinti zepeyinti zesintu ikakhulu zisebenzisa i-methylene chloride njengesinyibilikisi esiphilayo, ngelixa iipeyinti zepeyinti zanamhlanje zihlala zisebenzisa izinyibilikisi eziphezulu zokubilisa, ezifana ne-dimethylaniline, i-dimethyl sulfoxide, i-propylene carbonate kunye ne-N-methyl pyrrolidone, idityaniswe ne-alcohols kunye nezinyibilikisi ezinuka kamnandi; okanye zidityaniswe ne-hydrophilic alkaline okanye iinkqubo ze-acidic), i-co-solvents (efana ne-methanol, i-ethanol kunye ne-isopropyl alcohol, njl.) Ii-activators (ezifana ne-phenol, i-formic acid okanye i-ethanolamine, njl.), i-thickeners (njenge-polyvinyl alcohol, i-methyl cellulose , i-ethyl cellulose kunye ne-fumed silica, njl.njl.), ii-volatile inhibitors (ezifana neparafini wax, i-ping ping, njl. njl.), ii-surfactants (ezifana ne-OP-10, OP-7 kunye ne-sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, njl.), i-corrosion inhibitors, ii-agent zokungena, ii-agent zokumanzisa kunye ne-thixotropic agents.

5) Ipeyinti yepeyinti esekelwe emanzini

E-China, abaphandi baye baphuhlisa ngempumelelo ipeyinti esekwe emanzini esebenzisa i-benzyl alcohol endaweni ye-dichloromethane njengesona sinyibilikisi siphambili.Ngaphandle kotywala benzyl, ikwabandakanya iarhente etyebisayo, inhibitor eguquguqukayo, i-activator kunye ne-surfactant.Ukubunjwa kwayo okusisiseko (i-volume ratio): i-20% -40% i-solvent component kunye ne-40% -60% i-acidic-based based component kunye ne-surfactant.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-dichloromethane stripper yepeyinti yesintu, inetyhefu encinci kunye nesantya esifanayo sokususa ipeyinti.Iyakwazi ukususa ipeyinti ye-epoxy, i-epoxy zinc etyheli primer, ngakumbi kwi-aircraft yepeyinti yesikhumba inesiphumo esihle sokuqhawula ipeyinti.

Songa uhlele lo mhlathi amacandelo aqhelekileyo

1) I-solvent ephambili

I-solvent ephambili inokunyibilikisa ifilimu yepeyinti ngokungena kweemolekyuli kunye nokudumba, okunokutshabalalisa ukunamathela kwefilimu yepeyinti kwi-substrate kunye nesakhiwo sendawo yefilimu yepeyinti, ngoko ke ibenzene, i-hydrocarbon, i-ketone kunye ne-ether zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezona zinyibilikisi ziphambili. , kunye ne-hydrocarbon yeyona nto ingcono.Ezona zinyibilikisi ziphambili yibenzene, iihydrocarbons, iiketones neeethers, kunye neehydrocarbons zezona zingcono.Ipeyinti yepeyinti ye-solvent enetyhefu ephantsi engenayo i-methylene chloride iqulethe i-ketone (pyrrolidone), i-ester (i-methyl benzoate) kunye ne-ether yotywala (i-ethylene glycol monobutyl ether), njl. I-ethylene glycol ether ilungile kwi-polymer resin.I-ethylene glycol ether ine-solubility eyomeleleyo kwi-polymer resin, i-permeability elungileyo, indawo yokubilisa ephezulu, ixabiso eliphantsi, kwaye ikwayi-surfactant efanelekileyo, ngoko iyasebenza kuphando lokuyisebenzisa njenge-solvent ephambili yokulungisa i-stripper yepeyinti (okanye i-arhente yokucoca) ngesiphumo esihle kunye nemisebenzi emininzi.

I-molecule ye-benzaldehyde incinci, kwaye ukungena kwayo kwi-chain of macromolecules yomelele, kwaye i-solubility yayo kwi-polar organic matter nayo inamandla kakhulu, eya kwenza ukuba i-macromolecules ikhulise umthamo kwaye ivelise uxinzelelo.Ityhefu ephantsi kunye ne-low volatility stripper yepeyinti elungiselelwe nge-benzaldehyde njenge-solvent inokususa ngokufanelekileyo i-epoxy powder coating phezu kwe-metal substrate kwindawo yokushisa, kwaye ifanelekile ukukhutshwa kwepeyinti ye-aircraft skinning.Ukusebenza kwalo mhluli wepeyinti kuthelekiseka naleyo yokuhlutha ipeyinti yeekhemikhali zemveli (uhlobo lwe-methylene chloride kunye nohlobo lwe-alkali eshushu), kodwa ayidleli kakhulu kwi-substrates zetsimbi.

I-Limonene yimathiriyeli efanelekileyo yee-strippers zepeyinti ukusuka kumbono ohlaziyiweyo.Isisinyibilikisi se-hydrocarbon ekhutshwe kwi-orenji peel, i-tangerine peel kunye ne-citron peel.Sisinyibilikisi esigqwesileyo segrisi, iwax kunye neresin.Inendawo yokubilisa ephezulu kunye nendawo yokutshisa kwaye ikhuselekile ukuyisebenzisa.Izinyibilikisi ze-Ester nazo zinokusetyenziswa njengezinto ezikrwada zokucoca ipeyinti.Izinyibilikisi ze-Ester zibonakaliswa yityhefu ephantsi, ivumba elimnandi kunye nelinganyibilikiyo emanzini, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu njengezinyibilikisi kwizinto ezinamafutha.IMethyl benzoate imela izinyibilikisi ze-ester, yaye abaphengululi abaninzi banethemba lokuyisebenzisa kwisihluthuleli sepeyinti.

2)I-Co-solvent

I-co-solvent inokunyusa ukuchithwa kwe-methyl cellulose, ukuphucula i-viscosity kunye nokuzinza kwemveliso, kunye nokusebenzisana neemolekyuli eziphambili ze-solvent ukuze zingene kwifilimu yepeyinti, ukunciphisa ukunamathela phakathi kwefilimu yepeyinti kunye ne-substrate, ukwenzela ukuba ukukhawuleza. nyusa ireyithi yokuhlubula ipeyinti.Kwakhona kunokunciphisa umthamo we-solvent ephambili kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.Utywala, ii-ethers kunye neester zihlala zisetyenziswa njengezinyibilikisi ezidibeneyo.

3)Umkhuthazi

Umgqugquzeli linani le-nucleophilic solvents, ikakhulukazi i-organic acids, i-phenols kunye ne-amines, kuquka i-formic acid, i-acetic acid kunye ne-phenol.Isebenza ngokutshabalalisa amakhonkco e-macromolecular kunye nokukhawuleza ukungena kunye nokuvuvukala kwengubo.I-asidi ye-Organic iqulethe iqela elisebenzayo elifana nokubunjwa kwefilimu yepeyinti - OH, inokusebenzisana nenkqubo yokudibanisa i-oksijini, i-nitrogen kunye nezinye ii-athom ze-polar, iphakamisa inkqubo yenxalenye yeendawo ezinqamlezileyo zomzimba, ngaloo ndlela inyusa i-stripper yepeyinti kwindawo. izinga lokusasazwa kokutyabeka kwe-organic, phucula ukudumba kwefilimu yepeyinti kunye nokukwazi ukushwabana.Kwangaxeshanye, i-asidi ephilayo inokwenza i-hydrolysis ye-ester bond, i-ether bond ye-polymer kwaye iyenze iphule ibhondi, okukhokelela ekulahlekeni kokuqina kunye ne-brittle substrates emva kokuhluthwa kwepeyinti.

Amanzi adiyiniweyo sisinyibilikisi esiphezulu se-dielectric esingaguqukiyo (ε=80120 ku-20 ℃).Xa umphezulu oza kuhluthwa u-polar, njenge-polyurethane, i-solvent ephezulu ye-dielectric rhoqo inefuthe elihle ekwahluleni umphezulu we-electrostatic, ukuze ezinye izinyibilikisi zingene kwiipores phakathi kwengubo kunye ne-substrate.

Iperoxide yehidrojeni ibola kwiindawo ezininzi zentsimbi, ivelisa ioksijini, ihydrogen kunye nohlobo lweathom yeoksijini.Ioksijini ibangela ukuba umaleko okhuselweyo othambileyo uqengqeleke, uvumela i-stripper entsha yepeyinti ukuba ingene phakathi kwentsimbi kunye nokwaleka, ngaloo ndlela ikhawulezisa inkqubo yokuhlubula.I-Acids nayo iyinxalenye enkulu ekuqulunqweni kwepeyinti yepeyinti, kwaye umsebenzi wabo kukugcina i-pH yepeyinti yepeyinti kwi-210-510 ukuze iphendule kunye namaqela e-amine akhululekile kwiingubo ezifana ne-polyurethane.Iasidi esetyenzisiweyo inokunyibilika iasidi eqinileyo, iasidi elulwelo, iasidi ephilayo okanye iasidi ephilayo.Njengoko i-asidi ye-inorganic kunokwenzeka ukuba ivelise i-corrosion yesinyithi, ngoko ke kungcono ukusebenzisa i-RCOOH ifomyula ngokubanzi, ubunzima bemolekyuli ngaphantsi kwe-1,000 ye-soluble organic acids, njenge-formic acid, i-acetic acid, i-propionic acid, i-butyric acid, i-valeric acid, i-hydroxyacetic. iasidi, i-hydroxybutyric acid, i-lactic acid, i-citric acid kunye nezinye ii-hydroxy acids kunye nemixube yazo.

4) Izityebi

Ukuba ipeyinti yokuhlutha ipeyinti isetyenziselwa amacandelo amakhulu olwakhiwo adinga ukubambelela kumphezulu ukuze aphendule, kuyafuneka ukuba ukongeza izinto ezityebileyo ezifana neepolymers ezinyibilikayo emanzini njengeselulosi, ipolyethylene glycol, njl., okanye iityuwa ezingaphiliyo ezifana nesodium chloride. , i-potassium chloride, i-sodium sulfate, kunye ne-magnesium chloride.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-inorganic salts thickeners ilungisa i-viscosity iya kunyuka kunye ne-dosage yabo, ngaphaya kolu luhlu, i-viscosity iyancitshiswa endaweni, kwaye ukhetho olungafanelekanga lunokuba nefuthe kwamanye amacandelo.

I-polyvinyl yotywala i-polymer e-soluble yamanzi, kunye ne-solubility efanelekileyo yamanzi, ifilimu-ukwenza ifilimu, i-adhesion kunye ne-emulsification, kodwa kuphela iikhompawundi ezimbalwa zezinto eziphilayo ezinokuyinyibilika, iikhompawundi ze-polyol ezifana ne-glycerol, i-ethylene glycol kunye ne-molecular weight polyethylene glycol, i-amide, i-triethanolamine. ityuwa, i-dimethyl sulfoxide, njl., kwi-solvents ye-organic engasentla, ukunyibilikisa inani elincinci le-polyvinyl alcohol kufuneka lifudunyezwe.Isisombululo esinamanzi sepolyvinyl yotywala kunye ne-benzyl yotywala kunye ne-formic acid umxube wokungahambelani kakuhle, ukubekeka lula, kwaye ngaxeshanye kunye ne-methyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose ukunyibilika kwehlwempu, kodwa kunye nokunyibilika kwe-carboxy methyl cellulose kungcono.

I-Polyacrylamide yi-polymer enyibilikayo emanzini, yona kunye nezinto eziphuma kuyo zingasetyenziswa njenge-flocculants, i-thickeners, iziphuculi zephepha kunye ne-retarders, njl. izisombululo eziphilayo, ezifana methanol, ethanol, iacetone, ether, hydrocarbons aliphatic kunye hydrocarbons enamakha.I-Methyl cellulose isisombululo se-aqueous kwi-benzyl yohlobo lwe-alcohol ye-asidi ezinzile, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezinyibilikayo emanzini zinokuxutywa okulungileyo.Ubungakanani be-viscosity ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zokwakha, kodwa umphumo wokuqina awuhambelani ngokuthe ngqo kwisixa, ngokunyuka kwexabiso elongezelelweyo, isisombululo esinamanzi sinciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe ubushushu be-gelation.Uhlobo lwe-Benzaldehyde alunakunyuswa ngokongeza i-methyl cellulose ukufezekisa umphumo obalulekileyo we-viscosity.

5) I-Corrosion Inhibitor

Ukuthintela ukubola kwe-substrate (ingakumbi i-magnesium kunye ne-aluminium), inani elithile le-corrosion inhibitor kufuneka lifakwe.I-Corrosiveness yingxaki engenakukwazi ukuhoywa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ngokwenene, kwaye izinto eziphathwa ngepeyinti yepeyinti kufuneka zihlanjwe kwaye zomiswe ngamanzi okanye zihlanjwe nge-rosin kunye nepetroli ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isinyithi kunye nezinye izinto azigqwala.

6) Iinhibitors eziguquguqukayo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto ezinokungena okulungileyo zilula ukuguquguquka, ngoko ke ukuze kuthintelwe ukuguquguquka kweemolekyuli eziphambili zokunyibilikisa, inani elithile le-volatilization inhibitor kufuneka longezwe kwi-stripper yepeyinti ukunciphisa ukuguquka kweemolekyuli ze-solvent kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. , uthutho, ukugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa.Xa ipeyinti yepeyinti ene-wax yeparafini isetyenziswe kumphezulu wepeyinti, umaleko omncinci weparafini uya kwenziwa phezu komhlaba, ukuze iiamolekyuli eziphambili zokunyibilikisa zibe nexesha elaneleyo lokuhlala kwaye zingene kwifilimu yepeyinti ukuze isuswe, ngaloo ndlela. ukuphucula umphumo wokuqhawula ipeyinti.Iwax yeparafini eqinileyo iyodwa idla ngokubangela ukusasazwa kakuhle, kwaye intwana yeparafini iya kuhlala phezu komhlaba emva kokususwa kwepeyinti, okuya kuchaphazela ukutshizwa kwakhona.Ukuba kuyimfuneko, yongeza i-emulsifier ukunciphisa ukuxinezeleka komphezulu ukuze i-wax yeparafini kunye ne-wax engamanzi yeparafini ibe nokuchithwa-chithwa kakuhle kunye nokuzinza kwayo kuphuculwe.

7) I-surfactant

Ukongezwa kwee-surfactants, ezifana ne-amphoteric surfactants (umzekelo, imidazoline) okanye i-ethoxynonylphenol, kunokunceda ukuphucula uzinzo lokugcinwa kwepeyinti yokuhlutha ipeyinti kwaye kube lula ukuhlanjululwa kwepeyinti ngamanzi.Ngexesha elifanayo, ukusetyenziswa kwee-molecule ze-surfactant kunye ne-lipophilic kunye ne-hydrophilic ezimbini ezichasene ne-surfactant, zinokuchaphazela umphumo we-solubilization;ukusetyenziswa kwesiphumo seqela le-colloidal surfactant, ukwenzela ukuba ukunyibilika kwamacandelo amaninzi kwi-solvent kunyuke kakhulu.I-surfactants esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yipropylene glycol, sodium polymethacrylate okanye sodium xylenesulfonate.

Ukuwa