Ishishini leekhemikhali ezintle libandakanya izinto ezintsha, izinto ezisebenzayo, izinto eziphakathi zamayeza namayeza, izinto eziphakathi zamayeza nezibulala-zinambuzane, izongezo zokutya, izongezo zeziselo, iincasa neencasa, imibala, izinto zokuthambisa kunye namashishini eekhemikhali zemihla ngemihla, ezidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni imigangatho yokuphila kwabantu kunye nomgangatho. Lonke ishishini lineempawu zalo. Ukuqonda nokuzazi iimpawu zeshishini leekhemikhali ezintle sisiseko sophuhliso olukhuselekileyo nolusempilweni lweshishini, kwaye sisitshixo sokuba amashishini enze uhlalutyo lomngcipheko kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo yeekhemikhali kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo lwamashishini.

1. Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iikhemikhali ezintle ziyingozi kakhulu. Uninzi lwezixhobo luquka udidi A, B, A, zinobuthi obukhulu, zinobuthi obukhulu, zinomhlwa onamandla, zimanzi, kwaye kukho iingozi zomlilo, ukuqhuma, ityhefu njalo njalo. Ukongeza, kukho iinkqubo zokusebenza "ezingaphezulu kwezine", oko kukuthi, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto ezingena kwi-reactor (ii-reactants, iimveliso, izisombululo, ii-extractants, njl.njl.), iimeko ezininzi zesigaba (igesi, ulwelo, into eqinileyo), amaxesha amaninzi okondla izixhobo, kunye namaxesha amaninzi okuthatha iisampulu zokuvula izixhobo ngexesha lokuvelisa.

2. Inkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo ayisetyenziswa kakuhle kwaye ayinakukwazi ukulawula ngokuzenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo. Nangona ishishini libeke ii-interlocks ngokweemfuno zolawulo lokhuseleko lwenkqubo yeekhemikhali eziyingozi phantsi kweliso eliphambili, kukho ukutya okuninzi ngesandla kwinkqubo yokusebenza, kwaye umngxuma wokutya kufuneka uvulwe xa usondla. Ipropati yokuvala ayilunganga, kwaye izinto eziyingozi kulula ukuzikhupha kwiketile. Ukukhetha izixhobo zokulawula akunangqiqo, umqhubi akafuni ukuzisebenzisa okanye akanakuzisebenzisa, inkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo ayisebenzi; Ivalvu yokutshixa yenkqubo yokupholisa ye-reactor ngokubanzi ikwimeko yokugqitha, nto leyo ekhokelela kuthotho lwamanzi abandayo, amanzi okupholisa kunye nomphunga. Ukungabikho kwezakhono zezixhobo, ukungabikho kolawulo lwenkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo, ukuseta okungafanelekanga kwe-alamu kunye nexabiso lokutshixa, okanye utshintsho olungacwangciswanga lwexabiso le-alamu kunye nokutshixa, abaqhubi bayayityeshela ukubaluleka kolawulo lwe-alamu kunye nokutshixa.

3. Indlela yemveliso ekhawulezileyo uninzi. Iketile isetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi. Isixhobo kufuneka sigqibe imisebenzi emininzi yeyunithi, efana nokusabela (amaxesha amaninzi), ukukhupha, ukuhlamba, ukuhluza, ukulungisa njalo njalo. Kukho iimfuno ezingqongqo kulandelelwano lokusebenza kunye nobude bamanyathelo okusebenza, kodwa kuhlala kukho ukungabikho kolawulo olusebenzayo. Ukusebenza kunye nemveliso kufana nokupheka ngabapheki, konke oku kusekelwe kumava. Emva kokusabela kweketile enye, yehlisa ubushushu, ukhulule izinto, kwaye ulungise impendulo yokufudumeza. Uninzi lokukhupha nokukhupha i-USES ukucinezela ibhande kunye nokusebenza ngesandla, okuya kukhokelela kwiingozi ngenxa yokusebenza kakubi kwabantu kule nkqubo. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-fine chemical reaction, inani elikhulu lezinto ezivuthayo ezikhanyayo ezifana ne-methanol kunye ne-acetone zihlala zongezwa njengezinyibilikisi. Ubukho bezinto eziphilayo ezivuthayo kwandisa umngcipheko wenkqubo yokusabela.

4. Inkqubo itshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwaye amanyathelo okusabela maninzi. Kukho into yophando nophuhliso, imveliso, ukuphuculwa kwemveliso kunye nokutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza; Ezinye iinkqubo eziyingozi zahlulwe zibe ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okusabela. Umngxuma wokutya kufuneka uvulwe ekuqaleni kokutya. Xa impendulo ifikelela kwinqanaba elithile, umngxuma wokutya kufuneka uvalwe kwakhona.

5. Ngenxa yobumfihlo bobuchwephesha, akukho qeqesho luninzi kwindlela yokusebenza kwenkqubo. Ibangela ukuba indlela yokusebenza ibe ninzi, yenza "ilali nganye inentshukumo ebalaseleyo yelali nganye, umntu ngamnye unekhono lomntu ngamnye". Kukho iziphumo ezininzi ezingalindelekanga kwishishini leekhemikhali ezintle. Ngenxa yoqeqesho olungaphelelanga kunye nolawulo olungazinzanga lweparameter yokusebenza, inkunkuma eqinileyo kunye nenkunkuma yolwelo zinkulu, nto leyo eyenza indawo yokugcina inkunkuma enobungozi ibe yindawo yomngcipheko ekufuneka ilawulwe kwaye ilawulwe.

6、Izixhobo zihlaziywa ngokukhawuleza. Ukugqwala kwezixhobo kuyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yendalo yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo; Ubushushu bokusebenza kunye noxinzelelo lutshintsha kakhulu (kukho iindlela ezintathu zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu, ezizezi amanzi aqandisiweyo, amanzi okupholisa kunye nomphunga, kwi-reactor. Ngokubanzi, inkqubo yemveliso inokutshintsha ukusuka kwi--15 ℃ ukuya kwi-120 ℃. I-distillation encinci (yokunyibilikisa) isondele kwi-vacuum epheleleyo, kwaye inokufikelela kwi-0.3MpaG kwi-compacting), kwaye amakhonkco olawulo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo abuthathaka, okukhokelela kwimisebenzi ekhethekileyo ngakumbi.

7. Uyilo lwamashishini eekhemikhali ezintle alunangqiqo. Ukufakwa, ifama yetanki kunye nendawo yokugcina izinto azicwangciswanga ngokwemigaqo "yocwangciso oludibeneyo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwenyathelo ngenyathelo" kwishishini leekhemikhali. Ishishini leekhemikhali ezintle ikakhulu ngokwemarike okanye isixhobo sokwakha imveliso okanye izixhobo, kusetyenziswa ulungiselelo lwesithuba esikhoyo kwifektri, ukudideka koyilo lwefektri yeshishini, ukungacingi ngokupheleleyo ngokhuseleko lwempilo kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, kungekhona ngokweempawu zomhlaba wefektri, iimpawu zobunjineli bemveliso yeekhemikhali kunye nomsebenzi wazo zonke iintlobo zezakhiwo, uyilo olufanelekileyo, ulwahlulo olusebenzayo olungenangqiqo, inkqubo ayiphazanyiswa, ayilungelanga imveliso, ayilungelanga ulawulo.

8. Iinkqubo zokunceda ukhuseleko zihlala ziyilwa ngokungacwangciswanga. Umngcipheko womlilo emva kokukhutshwa kwezinto ezinobungozi ezinokutsha neziqhumayo kulula ukuwubangela kukusabela kweekhemikhali okanye ukwenziwa komxube oqhumayo kwinkqubo efanayo yonyango. Nangona kunjalo, eli shishini alisoloko livavanya kwaye lihlalutya lo mngcipheko.

9. Uyilo lwezixhobo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo somzi-mveliso luncinci, kwaye kukho izixhobo ezininzi zangaphandle ngaphandle kwesakhiwo somzi-mveliso. Abasebenzi kwindawo yokusebenzela baqokelelene, kwaye negumbi lokusebenza kunye nedesika yokurekhoda zibekwe kwindawo yokusebenzela. Nje ukuba kwenzeke ingozi, kulula ukubangela ukufa kwabantu abaninzi kunye neengozi zokulimala kwabantu abaninzi. Iinkqubo eziyingozi ezibandakanyekayo ikakhulu yi-sulfonation, chlorination, oxidation, hydrogenation, nitrification kunye neempendulo ze-fluorination. Ingakumbi, iinkqubo ze-chlorination, nitrification, oxidation kunye ne-hydrogenation zinemingcipheko ephezulu. Nje ukuba zingalawuleki, ziya kubangela ityhefu kunye nomngcipheko wokuqhuma. Ngenxa yemfuneko yokubeka isithuba, amashishini awamiseli ifama yetanki, kodwa amise inkqubo yonyango lwetanki ephakathi kunye ne-exhaust ngaphandle kwesityalo, okulula ukubangela umlilo wesibini okanye ukuqhuma.

10. Ukujika kwabasebenzi kukhawuleza kwaye umgangatho uphantsi. Amanye amashishini awawunaki ukhuseleko lwempilo yomsebenzi, indawo yokusebenza ayilunganga, ukuhamba kwabasebenzi okusebenzayo. Abasebenzi abaninzi bamashishini “bayayeka ukusebenza, baba ngabasebenzi,” ingasathethwa ke ngesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo okanye ngaphezulu, ukugqiba isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo sele kunqabile kakhulu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amanye amashishini awawunaki ukhuseleko kunye nolawulo lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, nto leyo ebangela iingozi ezixhaphakileyo, abantu banemvakalelo “yokudemon” yeshishini leekhemikhali ezintle, ngakumbi ishishini leekhemikhali ezintle zabucala, abaphumelele kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kunye nezobugcisa abafuni ukungena kweli shishini, nto leyo ethintela uphuhliso lokhuseleko lwale shishini.
Ishishini leekhemikhali ezintle linxulumene kakhulu nobomi babantu. Ngaphandle kweshishini leekhemikhali ezintle, ubomi bethu buya kulahlekelwa bumbala walo. Sifanele sinikele ingqalelo, sixhase kwaye sikhokele uphuhliso olukhuselekileyo nolusempilweni lweshishini leekhemikhali ezintle.