ITurkey sele ithwaxwe kukuwohloka kwemali kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo.

Ngowama-2020, ubhubhane omtsha wabangela iTurkey enye ingxaki, wayityhalela kwingxaki yokudodobala koqoqosho. Imali yaseTurkey, i-lira, iyawa ngesantya esiphezulu kwaye imali yayo yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle iyehla.
Kule meko, iTurkey iphakamise intonga enkulu ebizwa ngokuba “kukhuseleko lorhwebo”.

ukwehla koqoqosho

Uqoqosho lwaseTurkey belukwimeko yokudodobala koqoqosho ixesha elide ukusukela kwisiqingatha sesibini sowama-2018, ingasathethwa ke ngesithsaba esitsha ngo-2020 esiya kwenza uqoqosho lwalo olubuthathaka lube mandundu.

NgoSeptemba ka-2020, iMoody's yehlisa izinga letyala laseTurkey ukusuka kwi-B1 ukuya kwi-B2 (zombini zizinto ezingabalulekanga), ikhankanya umngcipheko wokulinganisela intlawulo, imingeni yolwakhiwo kuqoqosho, kunye namaqamza emali ngenxa yokuncipha kwezimali ezigciniweyo zelizwe.

Kwikota yesithathu ka-2020, uqoqosho lwaseTurkey lubonise indlela yokuchacha. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwedatha yamva nje evela kwi-Ofisi yezibalo zaseTurkey (TUIK), isalathisi samaxabiso abathengi eTurkey ngoDisemba ka-2020 sinyuke nge-1.25% ukusuka ngoNovemba kunye ne-14.6% ukusuka kwixesha elifanayo ngo-2019.

Iimpahla kunye neenkonzo ezahlukeneyo, ezothutho, ukutya kunye neziselo ezingezotywala zibone ukunyuka okukhulu kwamaxabiso angama-28.12%, 21.12% kunye nama-20.61%, ngokwahlukeneyo, xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo ngo-2019.
Umfanekiso wendoda yaseTurkey iguqa ngamadolo ize inike uthando lwayo ibhakethi yeoyile yokupheka endaweni yeringi yomtshato usasazeke kuTwitter.

Umongameli waseTurkey, uRecep Tayyip Erdogan, ube ngqongqo kwimigaqo-nkqubo yezangaphandle kodwa ebuthathaka kuqoqosho lwasekhaya.

Phakathi kuDisemba, uMnu. Erdogan wabhengeza iiphakheji zokunceda amashishini amancinci naphakathi kunye nabarhwebi ukuba baqhubeke nohambo kwiinyanga ezintathu ezizayo. Kodwa iingcali zezoqoqosho zithi amanyathelo okuhlangula sele ephuze kakhulu kwaye mancinci kakhulu ukuba angenza umonakalo omkhulu kuqoqosho lwaseTurkey oluhlwempuzekileyo.

Ngokwengxelo yakutshanje yeMetropoll, ama-25 ekhulwini abantu baseTurkey abaphendule bathi abanalo kwanokufikelela kwiimfuno ezisisiseko. Iimvakalelo zoqoqosho zehle zaya kuma-86.4 amanqaku ngoDisemba ukusuka kuma-89.5 amanqaku ngoNovemba, ngokutsho kwe-ofisi yezibalo yaseTurkey. Naliphi na inqaku elingaphantsi kwe-100 libonisa imeko yokuphelelwa lithemba kuluntu.

Ngoku u-Erdogan, olahlekelwe yinkxaso yomhlobo wakhe uTrump, unikezele ngesebe lomnquma kwiManyano yaseYurophu, ebhalela uMongameli waseFransi u-Emmanuel Macron kwaye elungiselela intlanganiso yevidiyo ngethemba lokulungisa kancinci ubudlelwane ne-bloc.

Nangona kunjalo, ngokwengxelo yakutshanje ye-Al Jazeera, “ukungazinzi kwabahlali” kuyenzeka eTurkey, kwaye amaqela aphikisayo aceba “ukuqhambuka kwezopolitiko” kwaye acela unyulo lwangaphambi kwexesha lukamongameli nolwepalamente phantsi kwesizathu sokuba imeko yezoqoqosho iya isiba mandundu eTurkey. Owayesakuba yiNkulumbuso yaseTurkey u-Ahmet Davutoglu ulumkisile ukuba isikhundla sikaMongameli uRecep Tayyip Erdogan sisenokungazinzi emva kwezisongelo ezininzi zakutshanje kunye nemizamo yokukhuthaza ukuqhambuka kwezopolitiko, kwaye ilizwe linokujongana nomngcipheko wokuphinda kuqhambuke urhulumente.

Emva kohlaselo lomkhosi olungaphumelelanga nge-15 kaJulayi 2016, apho iitanki zathunyelwa ezitalatweni, u-Erdogan wathabatha inyathelo eliqatha waza wenza “ukucoca” umkhosi.

Ukuwa kwemali

I-lira yaseTurkey kufuneka ibe phakathi kweemali eziqhuba kakubi kwihlabathi ngo-2020 — ukusuka kwi-5.94 ukuya kwidola ekuqaleni konyaka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-7.5 ngoDisemba, ukwehla kwama-25 ekhulwini kulo nyaka, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yeyona marike ikhula kakubi emva kweBrazil. Ekuqaleni kukaNovemba ka-2020, ixabiso le-lira yaseTurkey lehla laya kutsho kwi-8.5 lira xa lithelekiswa nedola.

Bekuyiminyaka yesibhozo ilandelelana apho i-lira yehla khona, uninzi lwehla minyaka le olungaphezulu kwe-10%. Ngomhla wesi-2 kweyoMqungu ngo-2012, i-lira yarhweba nge-1.8944 kwidola yaseMelika; Kodwa ngoDisemba 31, ngo-2020, izinga lokutshintshiselana kwe-lira xa kuthelekiswa nedola yaseMelika lehle laya kwi-7.4392, ukwehla okungaphezulu kwe-300% kwiminyaka esibhozo.

Thina senza urhwebo lwangaphandle kufuneka sazi ukuba xa ixabiso lemali yelizwe lihla kakhulu, iindleko zokungenisa impahla ziya kunyuka ngokufanelekileyo. Kunzima ukuthi abathumeli baseTurkey basenokunyamezela ukuwa kwe-lira yaseTurkey. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, abanye abarhwebi baseTurkey banokukhetha ukumisa urhwebo, okanye bamise iintlawulo zebhalansi kwaye bangavumi ukwamkela iimpahla.

Ukuze ingenelele kwiimarike zemali, iTurkey iphantse yaphela imali yayo egciniweyo yokutshintshiselana ngemali yangaphandle. Kodwa ngenxa yoko, i-lira iqhubekile nokwehla kwexabiso, ngaphandle kwempembelelo ebonakalayo.

Ejongene nengxaki yemali, uMongameli waseTurkey uRecep Tayyip Erdogan ucele abantu ukuba bathenge i-lira ukuze baqalise "idabi lesizwe" nxamnye "neentshaba zoqoqosho." "Ukuba kukho umntu onedola, ii-euro okanye igolide phantsi kwemiqamelo yakhe, yiya ebhankini kwaye utshintshisele i-lira yaseTurkey. Eli lidabi lesizwe," utshilo uErdogan. "Asiyi kuphulukana nemfazwe yezoqoqosho."

Kodwa eli lixesha apho abantu badla ngokuthenga igolide njengethango lokukhusela — amaTurkey afumana igolide ngesantya esiphezulu. Nangona igolide iye yawa iinyanga ezintathu zilandelelana, isanyuke malunga ne-19% ukusukela ngo-2020.
Ukhuseleko lorhwebo

Ngoko ke, iTurkey, eyayineengxaki ekhaya kwaye ihlasela kwamanye amazwe, yaphakamisa intonga enkulu "yokukhusela urhwebo".

Unyaka ka-2021 usandula ukuqala, kwaye iTurkey sele iwachithile amatyala amaninzi:

Enyanisweni, iTurkey lilizwe eliqalise uphando oluninzi malunga nonyango lwezorhwebo nxamnye neemveliso zaseTshayina kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ngo-2020, iTurkey iza kuqhubeka nokuqalisa uphando kunye nokubeka irhafu kwezinye iimveliso.

Ingakumbi kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amalungiselelo eempahla zaseTurkey anomsebenzi omhle kakhulu, emva kokuba iimpahla eziya echwebeni zibuyiselwe kumthumeli zivunyelwene ngokubhaliweyo kwaye zibonise “ukwala ukufumana isaziso”, emva kokuba iimpahla zisiwe kwizibuko zaseTurkey njengempahla, iTurkey yezibuko elide okanye ukukhutshwa kweempahla ngaphandle kwabasebenzi, izithethe ziya kuba ngaphandle kokucutshungulwa ngumnini, zinelungelo lokuthengisa iimpahla kwifandesi, umngenisi womthengi wokuqala ngeli xesha.

Ezinye izinto eziphathelele amasiko aseTurkey bezisetyenziswa iminyaka emininzi ngabathengi basekhaya abangafunekiyo, kwaye ukuba abathumeli ngaphandle abalumkanga, baya kuba kwimeko yokungenzi nto.
Ngoko ke, nceda uqiniseke ukuba unika ingqalelo kukhuseleko lwentlawulo yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kutshanje eTurkey!