Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini lamachiza laseTshayina liye laphuhla ngokukhawuleza, kwaye uphando olutsha lwamachiza kunye nophuhliso luye lwaba lukhokelo oluphambili lophuhliso lwesizwe. Njengesebe leshishini lemichiza, imboni yezoxubo zonyango ikwayishishini elinyukayo kwishishini lamachiza. Ngo-2018, ubungakanani beemarike bufikelele kwi-2017B RMB, kunye nezinga lokukhula eliphakathi kwe-12.3%.Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini lamachiza, imarike ye-pharmaceutical intermediates ine-prospect.Noko kunjalo, i-China ye-pharmaceutical intermediates industry ijongene nobunzima obuninzi kwaye ayifuni. ukufumana ingqalelo eyaneleyo nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kwinqanaba likazwelonke. Ngokulungisa iingxaki ezikhoyo kwishishini laseTshayina eliphakathi kwezamayeza kunye nokudibanisa nohlalutyo lwedatha yolu shishino, sibeka phambili iiNgcebiso zomgaqo-nkqubo ofanelekileyo wokwandisa nokomeleza ushishino lwamayeza aphakathi.

Kukho iingxaki ezine eziphambili kwishishini laseTshayina eliphakathi kumayeza:

1. Njengomthumeli omkhulu wabathengisi bamayeza, i-China kunye ne-Indiya ngokuhlangeneyo zenza ngaphezu kwe-60% yonikezelo lwehlabathi jikelele lwamayeza aphakathi. Isidima sabasebenzi abaphantsi kunye namaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza. Ngokubhekiselele ekungenisweni nasekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe, abaphakathi bamayeza basekhaya ubukhulu becala ziimveliso ezikumgangatho ophantsi, ngelixa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu zisaxhomekeke ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe. kwamanye amayeza aphakathi kwamayeza ngo-2018. Amaxabiso eyunithi yokuthumela ngaphandle aphantsi kakhulu kunamaxabiso eyunithi yokungenisa.Ngenxa yokuba umgangatho weemveliso zethu awukho mhle njengalowo wamazwe angaphandle, amanye amashishini amayeza asakhetha ukungenisa iimveliso zangaphandle ngamaxabiso aphezulu.

Umthombo: China Customs

2. I-Indiya ikhuphisana kakhulu kwi-China ye-pharmaceutical intermediates kunye ne-API, kunye nobudlelwane bayo obunzulu bentsebenziswano kunye namazwe aphuhlileyo aseYurophu naseMelika yomelele kakhulu kuneyaseTshayina. yabaphakathi zibonelelwa yi China, imali yayo yokuthumela kumazwe angaphandle ifikelele kwi-300 yezigidi zeedola, amazwe aphambili athumela kumazwe aseYurophu, eMelika, eJapan nakwamanye amazwe aphuhlileyo, athumela ngaphandle eUnited States, eJamani, eItali, inani lamazwe amathathu li-akhawunti ye-46.12 I-% yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ngelixa i-proportion yayiyi-24.7% kuphela e-China.Ngoko ke, Ngelixa ukungenisa inani elikhulu lexabiso eliphantsi le-pharmaceutical intermediate ukusuka e-China, i-Indiya inikezela amazwe aphuhlisiwe eYurophu naseMelika ngexabiso eliphezulu eliphakathi kwamachiza kwixabiso eliphezulu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinkampani zoxubo mayeza zaseIndiya ziye zanyusa kancinci ukwenziwa kwabaphakathi kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-r&d yokuqala, kwaye umthamo wabo we-R&D kunye nomgangatho wemveliso zombini zingcono kune-China. Ukuqina kwe-R & D ye-India kwishishini lemichiza elungileyo yi-1.8%, ehambelana neYurophu, ngelixa i-China yi-0.9%, ngokubanzi iphantsi kwinqanaba lehlabathi.Ngenxa yokuba umgangatho we-India we-pharmaceutical material ekrwada kunye nenkqubo yokulawula ihambelana neYurophu kunye ne-United States, umgangatho wayo wemveliso kunye nokhuseleko luyaziwa ngokubanzi kwihlabathi jikelele, kunye nokuveliswa kwexabiso eliphantsi kunye nobuchwepheshe obunamandla, abavelisi baseIndiya badla ngokukwazi ukufumana inani elikhulu lezivumelwano zokuvelisa ngaphandle.Ngentsebenziswano esondeleyo kunye namazwe aphuhlileyo kunye namashishini ezizwe ngezizwe, i-Indiya iye yatsala. izifundo ezisuka kwaye zifunxa izenzo zoshishino LWEZIXEKO e-United States, ehlala ekhuthaza amashishini alo ukuqinisa uphando kunye nophuhliso, ukuphucula inkqubo yokulungiselela, kunye nokwenza umjikelo olungileyo we-industrial chain.Ngokwahlukileyo, ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi elongezelelweyo. kweemveliso kunye nokunqongophala kwamava ekubambeni imarike yamazwe ngamazwe, i-China ye-pharmaceutical intermediates industry inzima ukwenza ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano bexesha elide kunye nozinzo kunye namashishini ezizwe ngezizwe, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunqongophelweni kwenkuthazo yokuphucula i-R & D.

Ngelixa amashishini amayeza kunye neekhemikhali e-China akhawulezisa uphuhliso loPHANDO olutsha kunye nophuhliso, uphando kunye nophuhliso lwamandla aphakathi kwamachiza aluhoywa.Ngenxa yesantya sokuhlaziya ngokukhawuleza kweemveliso eziphakathi, amashishini kufuneka aphuhlise rhoqo kwaye aphucule iimveliso ezintsha ukugcina. isantya kunye nenkqubela phambili yophando olutsha kunye nophuhliso kwishishini lamachiza.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, njengoko ukuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela indalo kuye kwaqina, uxinzelelo kubavelisi bokwakha amaziko onyango lokusingqongileyo luye lwanda. Imveliso ephakathi kwi-2017 kunye ne-2018 yehla nge-10.9% kunye ne-20.25%, ngokulandelanayo, xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka odlulileyo.Ngoko ke, amashishini kufuneka akhulise ixabiso elongezelelweyo leemveliso kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe aqonde ukuhlanganiswa kwamashishini.

3. I-intermediates eziphambili zamachiza e-China zininzi ze-antibiotic intermediates kunye ne-vitamin intermediates.Njengoko kuboniswe kumzobo ongezantsi, i-antibiotic intermediates i-akhawunti engaphezu kwe-80% ye-pharmaceutical intermediates e-China.Phakathi kwe-intermediates kunye nesivuno esingaphezu kweetoni ze-1,000. , i-55.9% yayiyi-antibiotics, i-24.2% yayiyi-vitamin intermediates, kwaye i-10% yayiyi-antibacterial and metabolic intermediates ngokulandelanayo. Ukuveliswa kwezinye iintlobo zamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, njengaphakathi kumachiza enkqubo yentliziyo kunye nabaphakathi kumachiza okulwa nomhlaza kunye namachiza okulwa neentsholongwane, kwakusezantsi kakhulu.Njengoko ishishini leziyobisi laseTshayina lisakwinqanaba lophuhliso, kukho umsantsa ocacileyo phakathi kophando nophuhliso lwemveliso yeziyobisi. i-anti-tumor kunye ne-anti-viral drug kunye namazwe aphuhlileyo, ngoko kunzima ukuqhuba imveliso ye-intermediates enyukayo ukusuka ezantsi. ukomeleza uphando, uphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwamayeza aphakathi.

Umthombo weenkcukacha: iChina Chemical Pharmaceutical Industry Association

4. Amashishini okuvelisa amayeza aseTshayina ubukhulu becala ngamashishini abucala anomlinganiselo omncinci wotyalo-mali, uninzi lwawo luphakathi kwezigidi ezisi-7 kunye nezigidi ezingama-20, kwaye inani labasebenzi lingaphantsi kwe-100. Njengoko inzuzo yemveliso yamaziko amayeza iphezulu kuneyekhemikhali. iimveliso, ngakumbi nangakumbi amashishini imichiza ukujoyina imveliso intermediates amayeza, nto leyo ekhokelela isenzeko ukhuphiswano disordered kweli shishini, ukugxininiswa kushishino oluphantsi, ulwabiwo lwezibonelelo ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokwakhiwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo.Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuphunyezwa kweyeza lesizwe lesizwe. umgaqo-nkqubo wokuthenga wenza ukuba amashishini anciphise iindleko zemveliso kunye namaxabiso otshintshiselwano ngomthamo. Abavelisi bezinto ezibonakalayo abanako ukuvelisa iimveliso ezinexabiso eliphezulu elongezelelweyo, kwaye kukho imeko embi yokhuphiswano lwamaxabiso.

Ngenxa yezi ngxaki zingentla, sicebisa ukuba ishishini eliphakathi kwezamayeza kufuneka lidlale ngokupheleleyo kwiingenelo zaseTshayina ezifana nemveliso ephezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi lokuvelisa, kunye nokunyusa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe aphakathi kwamayeza ukuze kuqhubeke imarike yamazwe aphuhlileyo nangona imeko imbi. Kwangaxeshanye, urhulumente kufuneka aqhoboshele ukubaluleka kuphando kunye nophuhliso lwezakhono zabaphakathi bamayeza, kwaye akhuthaze amashishini ukuba andise ikhonkco lezoshishino kunye nokuphucula ngokubanzi imodeli ye-CDMO egxininisa iteknoloji kunye ne-capital-intensive. Uphuhliso loshishino lwamayeza aphakathi kufuneka luqhutywe yimfuno esezantsi, kwaye ixabiso elongezelelweyo kunye namandla okuxoxisana kweemveliso kufuneka kuphuculwe ngokuhlala kwiimarike zamazwe aphuhlileyo, ukuphucula uphando lwazo kunye nophuhliso lwazo kunye nokomeleza uvavanyo lomgangatho wemveliso. ukwandisa ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso elinyukayo nelisezantsi alinako nje ukuphucula ingeniso yamashishini, kodwa likwaphuhlisa amashishini aphakathi alungelelanisiweyo. Eli nyathelo linokuthi libophe ngokunzulu ukuveliswa kweemveliso, likhulise ukunamathela kwabathengi, kwaye lihlakulele ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano bexesha elide. Amashishini aya kuxhamla ekukhuleni ngokukhawuleza kwemfuno esezantsi kwaye enze inkqubo yemveliso eqhutywa yimfuno kunye noPHANDO nophuhliso.