Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini lamayeza laseTshayina liphuhlile ngokukhawuleza, kwaye uphando olutsha lwamayeza kunye nophuhliso lube yindlela ephambili yophuhliso lwesizwe. Njengesebe leshishini lamakhemikhali, ishishini lamayeza aphakathi likwalishishini eliphambili leshishini lamayeza. Ngo-2018, ubungakanani bemarike bufikelele kwi-2017B RMB, ngesantya sokukhula esiphakathi se-12.3%. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini lamayeza, imarike yamayeza aphakathi inethemba elihle. Nangona kunjalo, ishishini lamayeza aphakathi laseTshayina lijongene nobunzima obuninzi kwaye alifumani ngqwalasela yaneleyo kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kwinqanaba lesizwe. Ngokulungisa iingxaki ezikhoyo kwishishini lamayeza aphakathi laseTshayina kunye nokudibanisa nohlalutyo lwedatha yale shishini, sibeka phambili umgaqo-nkqubo ofanelekileyo Iingcebiso zokwandisa nokuqinisa ishishini lamayeza aphakathi.

Kukho iingxaki ezine eziphambili kwishishini le-medicine laseTshayina:

1. Njengenkampani ethumela ngaphandle iimveliso zamayeza, iTshayina neIndiya zidibene zithatha ngaphezulu kwe-60% yokunikezelwa kwemveliso zamayeza kwihlabathi liphela. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iimveliso zamayeza eziya e-Asia, iTshayina ithathe inani elikhulu lemveliso zamayeza kunye ne-apis ngenxa yamaxabiso aphantsi abasebenzi kunye nezinto eziluhlaza. Ngokuphathelele ukungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwemveliso zamayeza, iimveliso zamayeza zasekhaya ikakhulu ziimveliso ezikumgangatho ophantsi, ngelixa iimveliso zamayeza aphezulu zisaxhomekeke ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe. Lo mfanekiso ulandelayo ubonisa amaxabiso eyunithi yokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe yezinye iimveliso zamayeza ngo-2018. Amaxabiso eyunithi yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe aphantsi kakhulu kunamaxabiso eyunithi yokungenisa kwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yokuba umgangatho weemveliso zethu awulunganga njengalawo amazwe angaphandle, amanye amashishini emveliso yamayeza asakhetha ukungenisa iimveliso zamanye amazwe ngamaxabiso aphezulu.

Umthombo: I-China Customs

2. I-India ngumncintisani omkhulu kwishishini le-medakartificial intermediates kunye ne-API yaseTshayina, kwaye ubudlelwane bayo obunzulu bentsebenziswano namazwe aphuhlileyo eYurophu naseMelika bunamandla kakhulu kunelaseTshayina., ngokutsho kwe-medakartificial intermediates yaseIndiya, isixa sonyaka sokungenisa sifikelela kwi-18 yezigidi zeerandi, ngaphezulu kwe-85% ye-medakartificial intermediates inikezelwa yiTshayina, isixa sayo sokuthumela ngaphandle sifikelele kwi-300 yezigidi zeerandi, amazwe aphambili okuthumela ngaphandle eYurophu, eMelika, eJapan nakwamanye amazwe aphuhlileyo, athumela ngaphandle eMelika, eJamani, e-Itali, inani lamazwe amathathu libalelwa kwi-46.12% yexabiso lilonke lokuthumela ngaphandle, ngelixa umlinganiselo wawuyi-24.7% kuphela eTshayina. Ke ngoko, ngelixa ingenisa inani elikhulu le-medakartificial intermediates exabiso liphantsi evela eTshayina, iIndiya inika amazwe aphuhlileyo eYurophu naseMelika i-medakartificial intermediates ekumgangatho ophezulu ngexabiso eliphezulu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iinkampani zamayeza zaseIndiya ziye zanyusa kancinci ukwenziwa kwe-medakartificial in the term of the original r&d, kwaye amandla azo ophando nophuhliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso zombini zingcono kunezaseTshayina. Ubunzulu be-R&D yaseIndiya kwishishini leekhemikhali ezintle yi-1.8%, kuhambelana nolwaseYurophu, ngelixa elaseTshayina liyi-0.9%, ngokubanzi liphantsi kunelehlabathi. Ngenxa yokuba umgangatho kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lwezinto eziluhlaza zamayeza eIndiya ihambelana neYurophu ne-United States, umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lwemveliso yayo luyaziwa kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye ngokuveliswa okungabizi kakhulu kunye nobuchwepheshe obuqinileyo, abavelisi baseIndiya badla ngokukwazi ukufumana inani elikhulu leekhontrakthi zemveliso ezivela ngaphandle. Ngentsebenziswano esondeleyo namazwe aphuhlileyo kunye namashishini ezizwe ngezizwe, i-India ifumene izifundo kwaye yamkela iindlela zoshishino lwe-MACHIZA e-United States, ikhuthaza rhoqo amashishini ayo ukuqinisa uphando kunye nophuhliso, ukuphucula inkqubo yokulungiselela, kwaye yenze umjikelo olungileyo wekhonkco lemizi-mveliso. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi leemveliso kunye nokungabikho kwamava ekuqondeni imakethi yamazwe ngamazwe, ishishini le-medicine intermediates laseTshayina kunzima ukwenza ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano obuhlala ixesha elide nobuzinzileyo namashishini ezizwe ngezizwe, okukhokelela ekuswelekeni kwenkuthazo yokuphucula i-R&D.

Ngelixa amashishini amayeza neekhemikhali eTshayina ekhawulezisa uphuhliso loPHANDO nophuhliso olutsha, amandla ophando nophuhliso lwezixhobo zokuxuba amayeza ayatyeshelwa. Ngenxa yesantya sokuhlaziya ngokukhawuleza iimveliso zokuxuba amayeza, amashishini kufuneka aphuhlise rhoqo kwaye aphucule iimveliso ezintsha ukuze zihambelane nenkqubela phambili yophando nophuhliso olutsha kushishino lwamayeza. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, njengoko ukuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokukhusela okusingqongileyo kuye kwanda, uxinzelelo kubavelisi ukuba bakhe izibonelelo zonyango lokukhusela okusingqongileyo luye lwanda. Imveliso ephakathi ngo-2017 nango-2018 yehle nge-10.9% kunye ne-20.25%, ngokwahlukeneyo, xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo. Ke ngoko, amashishini kufuneka anyuse ixabiso elongezelelweyo leemveliso kwaye afezekise ukuhlanganiswa kwemizi-mveliso kancinci kancinci.

3. Iingcali eziphambili zamayeza eTshayina zininzi zezona zisetyenziswa kwiintsholongwane kunye neevithamini. Njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso ongezantsi, iingcali ezisetyenziswa kwiintsholongwane zingaphezulu kwe-80% yeengcali eziphambili zamayeza eTshayina. Phakathi kweengcali ezinemveliso engaphezulu kweetoni ezili-1,000, ama-55.9% yayizii-antibiotics, ama-24.2% yayiziingcali zeevithamini, kwaye i-10% yayiziingcali ezilwa neentsholongwane kunye ne-metabolic ngokulandelelana. Ukuveliswa kwezinye iintlobo zee-antibiotics, ezifana neengcali zamayeza enkqubo yentliziyo kunye neengcali zamayeza okulwa nomhlaza kunye neentsholongwane, bekuphantsi kakhulu. Njengoko ishishini lamayeza elitsha laseTshayina lisekwinqanaba lophuhliso, kukho umsantsa ocacileyo phakathi kophando kunye nophuhliso lwamayeza okulwa nomhlaza kunye namayeza okulwa neentsholongwane kunye namazwe aphuhlileyo, ngoko ke kunzima ukuqhuba ukuveliswa kweengcali eziphezulu ukusuka kweli nqanaba lisezantsi. Ukuze kuhlengahlengiswe uphuhliso lwenqanaba lamayeza ehlabathi kunye nokulungiswa kwe-spectrum yesifo, ishishini lamayeza kufuneka lomeleze uphando, uphuhliso kunye nemveliso yeengcali zamayeza.

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4. Amashishini okuvelisa amayeza aseTshayina ikakhulu ngamashishini abucala anotyalo-mali oluncinci, uninzi lwawo luphakathi kwezigidi ezisi-7 nezigidi ezingama-20, kwaye inani labasebenzi lingaphantsi kwe-100. Njengoko inzuzo yemveliso yamayeza aphakathi iphezulu kuneemveliso zeekhemikhali, amashishini amaninzi eekhemikhali ajoyina ekuveliseni amayeza aphakathi, nto leyo ekhokelela kukhuphiswano olungacwangciswanga kweli shishini, uxinano oluphantsi lwamashishini, ukusebenza kakuhle kokwabiwa kwezixhobo kunye nokwakhiwa okuphindaphindiweyo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuphunyezwa komgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe wokuthengwa kwamayeza kwenza amashishini anciphise iindleko zemveliso kunye namaxabiso okutshintshiselana ngobuninzi. Abavelisi bezinto eziluhlaza abanakuvelisa iimveliso ezinexabiso eliphezulu, kwaye kukho imeko embi yokhuphiswano lwamaxabiso.

Ngenxa yeengxaki ezingasentla, sicebisa ukuba ishishini leemveliso zamayeza lifanele linike amandla apheleleyo kwiingenelo zaseTshayina ezifana nemveliso ephezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi lokuvelisa, kwaye lonyuse ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kweemveliso zamayeza ukuze zithathe indawo kwimarike yamazwe aphuhlileyo nangona imeko yobhubhane imbi kwamanye amazwe. Kwangaxeshanye, urhulumente kufuneka anike ukubaluleka kubuchule bophando nophuhliso lweemveliso zamayeza, kwaye akhuthaze amashishini ukuba andise uthotho lwemizi-mveliso kwaye aphucule ngokupheleleyo kwimodeli ye-CDMO edinga ubuchwepheshe kunye nemali eninzi. Uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso yamayeza kufuneka luqhutywe yimfuno ephantsi, kwaye ixabiso elongezelelweyo kunye namandla okuxoxisana kweemveliso kufuneka aphuculwe ngokuthatha indawo kwiimarike zamazwe aphuhlileyo, ukuphucula ubuchule bawo bophando nophuhliso kunye nokuqinisa uvavanyo lomgangatho wemveliso. Indlela yokwandisa uthotho lwemizi-mveliso oluphezulu nolusezantsi ayinakuphucula kuphela inzuzo yamashishini, kodwa ikwaphuhlisa amashishini aphakathi alungiselelwe wena. Eli nyathelo linokubopha ngokunzulu imveliso yeemveliso, lonyuse ukunamathela kwabathengi, kwaye lihlakulele ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano bexesha elide. Amashishini aya kuxhamla ekukhuleni ngokukhawuleza kwemfuno ephantsi kwaye enze inkqubo yemveliso eqhutywa yimfuno kunye noPHANDO kunye nophuhliso.