. Ukukhawuleza kwempahla emithandathu

1. Ukukhawuleza okukhanyayo

Ukukhanya okukhawulezayo kubhekiselele kwiqondo lokuguquguquka kwamalaphu anemibala ngokukhanya kwelanga. Indlela yokuvavanya inokuba kukukhanya kwelanga okanye ukukhanya komatshini emini. Iqondo lokuphela kwesampulu emva kokuba sesichengeni lithelekiswa nesampulu yombala eqhelekileyo. Yahlulahlulwe yangamanqanaba asi-8, isi-8 sesona silungileyo, kwaye isi-1 sesona sibi kakhulu. Amalaphu anokukhanya okungahambi kakuhle akufuneki abekwe elangeni ixesha elide, kwaye kufuneka abekwe kwindawo engena umoya ukuze yome emthunzini.

2. Ukuhlikihla ngokukhawuleza

Ukukhawuleza ukuhlikihla kubhekisa kwiqondo lokuguga kwamalaphu adayiweyo emva kokuhlikihlwa, anokohlulwa abe kukuhlikihla okomileyo kunye nokuhlikihlwa okumanzi. Ukukhawuleza kokuhlikihla kuvavanywa ngokusekelwe kwiqondo lokungcoliswa kwelaphu elimhlophe, kwaye lahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba ama-5 (1 ~ 5). Ixabiso elikhulu, ngcono ukukhawuleza ukuhlikihla. Ubomi benkonzo yeendwangu ezinobunzima bokuxubha ngokukhawuleza bukhawulelwe.

3. Ukuhlamba ngokukhawuleza

Ukuhlamba okanye ukukhawuleza kusepha kubhekisa kwiqondo lokutshintsha kombala wamalaphu adayiweyo emva kokuhlanjwa ngolwelo lokuvasa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ikhadi lesampulu eligreyi lisetyenziswa njengomgangatho wovavanyo, oko kukuthi, umahluko wombala phakathi kwesampulu yokuqala kunye nesampulu ephelileyo isetyenziselwa isigwebo. Ukukhawuleza kokuhlamba kuhlulwe ngokwamabakala ama-5, ibakala lesi-5 lelona ligqwesileyo kwaye ibanga loku-1 lelona libi kakhulu. Amalaphu anokuhlamba ngokukhawuleza kufuneka acocwe ngoome. Ukuba zihlanjwe ngamanzi, iimeko zokuhlamba kufuneka zihlawulwe ingqwalasela ngakumbi, njengokuba ubushushu bokuhlamba akufanele bube buphezulu kwaye ixesha akufanele libe lide kakhulu.

4. Ukuayina ngokukhawuleza

Ukuayina ngokukhawuleza kubhekisa kwiqondo lokujika kombala okanye ukufiphala kwamalaphu adayiweyo ngexesha lokuayina. Iqondo lokuguquka kwebala kunye nokuncipha livavanywa kukungcoliswa kwentsimbi kwamanye amalaphu ngaxeshanye. Ukuayina ngokukhawuleza kwahlulwe ngokwamabakala 1 ukuya ku-5, ibakala 5 lilelona ligqwesileyo kwaye iBakala 1 lilelona libi kakhulu. Xa uvavanya ukukhawuleza kwe-ayina kweempahla ezahlukeneyo, ukushisa kwentsimbi esetyenziselwa uvavanyo kufuneka kukhethwe.

5. Ukubila ngokukhawuleza

Ukubila okukhawulezileyo kubhekisa kwiqondo lokujika kombala wamalaphu adayiweyo emva kokuntywiliselwa kumbilo. Ukubila kombilo akufani nokwakheka kombilo olungiselelwe ukwenziwa, ngoko ke kuvandlakanywa ngokudityaniswa nolunye ukuqina kombala ukongezelela kumlinganiselo owahlukileyo. Ukukhawuleza ukubila kwahlulwe ngamabakala angama-1 ~ 5, ixabiso elikhulu, lingcono.

6. Ukukhawuleza kwe-sublimation

I-Sublimation fastness ibhekisela kwiqondo le-sublimation yeempahla ezidayiweyo kwindawo yokugcina. I-sublimation fastness ivandlakanywa yi-gray graded sample card kwiqondo lokuguquka kombala, ukucima kunye nokungcoliswa kwelaphu elimhlophe emva konyango olomileyo olushushu. Kukho amabanga ama-5, u-1 lolona lubi, kwaye u-5 ngowona ubalaseleyo. Ukukhawuleza kwedayi yamalaphu aqhelekileyo ngokubanzi kuyafuneka ukufikelela kwinqanaba 3 ~ 4 ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokunxiba.

, Indlela yokulawula ukukhawuleza okwahlukeneyo

Ukukwazi kwe-textile ukugcina umbala wayo wokuqala emva kokudaya kunokubonakaliswa ngokuvavanya ukukhawuleza kwemibala eyahlukeneyo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo ukuvavanya ukukhawuleza kokudaya ziquka ukukhawuleza kokuhlamba ilaphu, ukukhawuleza kokuhlikihla, ukukhawuleza kwelanga, ukukhawuleza kwe-sublimation njalo njalo. Okungcono ukukhawuleza kokuhlamba, ukuxubha, ilanga kunye ne-sublimation yelaphu, kungcono ukuguquguquka kwedayi kwelaphu.

Kukho izinto ezimbini eziphambili ezichaphazela ukukhawuleza okungentla:

Eyokuqala ziipropati zedayi

Okwesibini kukuqulunqwa kokudaya kunye nenkqubo yokugqiba

Ukukhethwa kweedayi ezineempawu ezintle kusisiseko sokuphucula ukukhawuleza kokudaya, kunye nokuqulunqwa kwedayi efanelekileyo kunye nokugqiba iteknoloji iyisitshixo sokuqinisekisa ukukhawuleza kokudaya. Ezi zimbini ziyancedisana kwaye azinakulinganiswa.

Ukuhlamba ngokukhawuleza

Ukukhawuleza kokuhlamba ilaphu kubandakanya imiba emibini: ukukhawuleza okukhawulezayo kunye nokukhawuleza kwebala. Ngokubanzi, okukhona kusiba mbi ngakumbi ukushesha kwelaphu elilukiweyo, kokukhona kusiba mandundu ukutyhaphaza ngokukhawuleza.

Xa uvavanya ukukhawuleza kombala welaphu, unokumisela ukungcoliswa kombala wefayibha ngokuvavanya umbala wefiber kwimicu emithandathu esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yelaphu (imisonto emithandathu esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya ipolyester, inayiloni, umqhaphu, iacetate, Uboya okanye isilika, ifayibha ye-acrylic malunga neentsinga ezintandathu ezinombala wokuzila ukutya ngokubanzi yinkampani yokuhlola ezimeleyo ezimeleyo ukuba igqibe, olu vavanyo lunenjongo yokungakhethi cala) kwiimveliso zefiber zeselulosi, ukuhlamba ukukhawuleza kwedayi esebenzayo kubhetele kunedayi ethe ngqo. Idayi ye-azo enganyibilikiyo kunye nedayi ye-VAT kunye nenkqubo yokudaya yesulfure enxulumene nedayi esebenzayo kunye nedayi ethe ngqo inzima ngakumbi, ngoko ke umva ezintathu ezigqwesileyo zokuhlamba ukukhawuleza kwedayi. Ngoko ke, ukuphucula ukukhawuleza kokuhlamba kweemveliso zefiber ze-cellulose, akuyimfuneko kuphela ukukhetha idayi efanelekileyo, kodwa kunye nokukhetha inkqubo efanelekileyo yokudaya. Ukuqiniswa okufanelekileyo kokuhlamba, ukulungiswa kunye nesepha ngokucacileyo kunokuphucula ukukhawuleza kokuhlamba.

Ngokubhekiselele kumbala ogxininisiweyo we-polyester fiber, ukuba nje ilaphu lincitshiswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye licocwe, ukukhawuleza kokuhlamba emva kokudaya kunokuhlangabezana neemfuno zomthengi. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwelaphu le-polyester nge-pad cationic organic silicon softener ligqibezela ukugqibezela ukuphuculwa kwelaphu lizive lithambile, kwangaxeshanye, isondo le-anion lisasaze ii-disperants zedayi kwilaphu le-polyester elinobushushu obuphezulu ukugqibezela uyilo olunokudluliselwa kobushushu kwaye Ukusasazwa kumphezulu wefayibha, ke ngoko umbala onzulu welaphu lepolyester imilo emva kokuhlamba ukukhawuleza ungafanelanga. Oku kufuna ukuba ukukhethwa kweedayi ezisasazwayo akufanele kuqwalaselwe kuphela ukukhawuleza kwe-sublimation yeedayi ezisasazekayo, kodwa kuqwalaselwe ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kweedayi ezisasazwayo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuvavanya ukukhawuleza kokuhlamba iimpahla, ngokwemigangatho yovavanyo eyahlukeneyo yokuvavanya ukukhawuleza kokuhlamba iimpahla, siya kufumana isiphelo sesebe.

Xa abathengi bamazwe angaphandle babeka phambili izalathisi zokuzihlamba ngokukhawuleza, ukuba banokubeka phambili imigangatho ethile yokuvavanya, kuya kuba luncedo kunxibelelwano olulula phakathi kwamacala amabini. Ukuhlamba okuphuculweyo kunye nonyango lwasemva konyango kunokuphucula ukukhawuleza kokuhlamba ilaphu, kodwa kunyuse izinga lokwehliswa komzi-mveliso wokudaya. Ukufumana ezinye ii-detergents ezisebenzayo, ngokufanelekileyo ukuqulunqa inkqubo yokudaya kunye nokugqiba, kunye nokomeleza uphando malunga nenkqubo yokuhamba okufutshane akukwazi nje ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso, kodwa kunegalelo ekugcinweni kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa.

Ukukhawuleza kwefriction

Ukukhawuleza kwe-rub yelaphu kuyafana nokukhawuleza kokuhlamba, okubandakanya iinkalo ezimbini:

Enye ikukuhlikihla okomileyo kwaye enye kukumanzi. Kulunge kakhulu ukujonga ukuqina kokuhlikihla okomileyo kunye nokuqina kokuhlikihla okumanzi kwelaphu ngokuthelekisa nokutshintsha kombala wesampulu yesampulu kunye nesampulu engcolisa umbala. Ngokubanzi, ibakala lokukhawuleza kokurabha okomileyo limalunga nebakala elinye eliphezulu kunelo lokukhawuleza kokurabha okumanzi xa kuhlolwa ukugutyungelwa kokukhawuleza kwamalaphu ombala onzulu. Idayi ethe ngqo edayiwe ngelaphu lomqhaphu elimnyama njengomzekelo, nangona ngonyango olusebenzayo lokulungiswa kombala, kodwa ukukhawuleza kokuhlikihla okomileyo kunye nenqanaba lokuhlikihla okumanzi aliphezulu kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha alikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukukhawuleza kokuhlikihla, iidayi ezisebenzayo, idayi ye-VAT kunye nedayi ye-azo enganyibilikiyo isetyenziswa kakhulu ukudaya. Ukomeleza ukuhlolwa kwedayi, ukulungisa unyango kunye nokuhlamba isepha ngamanyathelo asebenzayo okuphucula ukugubungula ngokukhawuleza kwempahla. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukugutyungelwa okumanzi kweemveliso zefiber zeselulosi ezinombala ogxininisiweyo, abancedisi abakhethekileyo banokukhethwa ukuphucula ukuguquguquka okumanzi kweemveliso ezilukiweyo, kunye nokukhawuleza kokucoca okumanzi kweemveliso kunokuphuculwa ngokucacileyo ngokuntywila abancedisi abakhethekileyo iimveliso ezigqityiweyo.

Kwiimveliso ezimnyama zeekhemikhali zefiber filament, ukukhawuleza kokuxubha okumanzi kweemveliso kunokuphuculwa ngokudibanisa i-agent encinci ye-fluorine yokukhusela amanzi xa umkhiqizo ogqityiweyo ugqityiwe. Xa ifayibha ye-polyamide idayiwe ngedayi yeasidi, ukushesha okumanzi kwelaphu lepolyamide kunokuphuculwa ngokusebenzisa i-agent ekhethekileyo yokulungisa yosinga lwenayiloni. Ibakala lokuzihlikihla okumanzi linokuncitshiswa kuvavanyo lokurhabula okumanzi ngokukhawuleza kwemveliso emnyama egqityiweyo ngenxa yokuba imicu emifutshane kumphezulu welaphu lemveliso egqityiweyo iya kuchithwa ngokucacileyo kunezinye iimveliso.

Ukukhanya kwelanga ngokukhawuleza

Ukukhanya kwelanga kunobumbini besuntswana kwaye kunempembelelo enamandla kwisakhiwo semolekyuli yedayi ngokudlulisa amandla ngendlela yefoton.

Xa isakhiwo esisisiseko senxalenye ye-chromogenic yesakhiwo sedayi kutshatyalaliswa ngeefotoni, umbala wokukhanya okhutshwe ngumzimba we-chromogenic wedayi uya kutshintsha, ngokuqhelekileyo umbala uba lula, uze ungabi mbala. Ukutshintsha kombala wedayi kubonakala ngakumbi phantsi kwemeko yelanga, kwaye ukukhawuleza kwidayi yelanga kubi ngakumbi. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukukhawuleza kwidayi yelanga, abenzi bedayi baye basebenzisa iindlela ezininzi. Ukwandisa ubunzima be-molecular yedayi, ukwandisa ithuba lokudibanisa ngaphakathi kwedayi, ukwandisa i-co-planarity yedayi kunye nobude benkqubo ye-conjugate inokuphucula ukukhanya kokukhanya kwedayi.

Kwidayi ye-phthalocyanine, enokufikelela kwibanga lesi-8 ngokukhawuleza ukukhanya, ukukhanya kunye nokukhanya okulula kweedayi kunokuphuculwa ngokucacileyo ngokufaka i-ion zetsimbi ezifanelekileyo kwinkqubo yokudaya kunye nokugqiba ukwenza iimolekyuli ezinzima ngaphakathi kwedayi. Kwiimpahla ezilukiweyo, ukhetho lweedayi ezinokukhawuleza kwelanga olungcono luyisitshixo sokuphucula umgangatho wokukhawuleza kwelanga weemveliso. Akucaci ukuba kuphuculwe ukukhawuleza kwelanga kweempahla ezilukiweyo ngokutshintsha ukudaya kunye nenkqubo yokugqiba.

Ukukhawuleza kwe-sublimation

Ngokubhekiselele kwiidayi ezisasazwayo, umgaqo wokudaya we-polyester fibers wahlukile kwezinye iidayi, ngoko ke ukukhawuleza kwe-sublimation kunokuchaza ngokuthe ngqo ukuchasana nobushushu beedayi ezisasazwayo.

Kwezinye iidayi, ukuvavanya uku-ayina ngokukhawuleza kwedayi kunye nokuvavanya ukukhawuleza kwedayi ye-sublimation kunokubaluleka okufanayo. Ukumelana nedayi kwi-sublimation fastness ayilungile, kwimeko eyomileyo eshushu, imeko eqinileyo yedayi kulula ukuhlukana ngokuthe ngqo ngaphakathi kwefayibha kwimeko yegesi. Ke ngale ndlela, ukucotha kwedayi sublimation kunokuchaza ngokungathanga ngqo ukuqina kwe-ayina.

Ukuze kuphuculwe ukukhawuleza kwedayi ye-sublimation, kufuneka siqale kule miba ilandelayo:

1, eyokuqala lukhetho lwedayi

Ubunzima be-molecular bukhulu, kwaye isakhiwo esisisiseko sedayi siyafana okanye sifana nesakhiwo sefiber, esinokuphucula ukukhawuleza kwe-sublimation ye-textile.

2, okwesibini kukuphucula inkqubo yokudaya kunye nokugqiba

Nciphisa ngokupheleleyo icrystallinity ye crystalline part of the macromolecular structure of the fiber, ukuphucula icrystallinity of the amorphous region, ukuze icrystallinity phakathi kwendawo yangaphakathi yefiber ithande ukufana, ukuze idayi ibe ngaphakathi kwifiber. , kwaye ukudibanisa phakathi kwefiber kufana kakhulu. Oku akunako nje ukuphucula idigri yokulinganisa, kodwa nokuphucula ukukhawuleza kwe-sublimation yokudaya. Ukuba i-crystallinity yecandelo ngalinye lefiber ayilungelelananga ngokwaneleyo, ininzi yedayi isala kwisakhiwo esikhululekileyo sommandla we-amorphous, ngoko kwimeko egqithisileyo yeemeko zangaphandle, idayi nayo iyakwazi ukuhlukana ne-amorphous. Ummandla wefiber yangaphakathi, i-sublimation kumphezulu welaphu, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa ukuqina kwe-textile sublimation.

Ukuhlanjululwa kunye ne-mercerizing yamalaphu e-cotton kunye nokushwabana kwangaphambili kunye nokubunjwa kwangaphambili kwawo onke amalaphu e-polyester zonke ziinkqubo zokulinganisela ubucwebe bangaphakathi bemicu. Emva kokucoca kunye ne-mercerizing ilaphu lomqhaphu, emva kokushwabana kwangaphambili kunye nelaphu lepolyester elimiselweyo, ubunzulu bayo bokudaya kunye nokukhawuleza kokudaya kunokuphuculwa kakhulu. idayi

I-sublimation fastness yelaphu inokuphuculwa ngokucacileyo ngokomeleza emva konyango kunye nokuhlamba kunye nokususa umbala ongaphezulu ojikelezayo. I-sublimation fastness yelaphu inokuphuculwa ngokucacileyo ngokunciphisa iqondo lokushisa ngokufanelekileyo. Ingxaki yokunciphisa uzinzo lwe-dimensional lwelaphu olubangelwa kukupholisa lunokubuyekezwa ngokunciphisa isantya sokumisela ngokufanelekileyo. Ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwakhona kwimpembelelo yezongezo kwi-daying fastness xa i-arhente yokugqiba ikhethiwe. Ngokomzekelo, xa i-cationic softeners isetyenziswa ekugqityweni okuthambileyo kwamalaphu e-polyester, ukufuduka kwe-thermal ye-disperse dyes kunokukhokelela kuvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-sublimation lokusilela kwedayi. Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga uhlobo lobushushu lwedayi yokusasaza ngokwayo, idayi yokusasaza ubushushu obuphezulu inokukhawuleza kwe-sublimation engcono.