Iimpawu ezintlanu eziphambili zokusasaza idayi:

Amandla okuphakamisa, amandla okugquma, ukuzinza kwe-dispersion, ubuntununtunu be-PH, ukuhambelana.

1. Amandla okuphakamisa
1. Inkcazo yokuphakamisa amandla:
Amandla okuphakamisa yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo zokusabalalisa idayi. Olu phawu lubonisa ukuba xa idayi nganye isetyenziselwa ukudaya okanye ukuprinta, umlinganiselo wedayi uyanda ngokuthe ngcembe, yaye ubunzulu bombala welaphu (okanye umsonto) buyanda ngokufanelekileyo. Kwiidayi ezinamandla okuphakamisa okulungileyo, ubunzulu bokudaya buyanda ngokuhambelana nomlinganiselo wedayi, ebonisa ukuba kukho ukudaya okunzulu; Idayi ezinamandla okuphakamisa asezantsi zinedayi embi enzulu. Xa ufikelela kubunzulu obuthile, umbala awusayi kuba nzulu njengoko inani ledayi likhula.
2. Isiphumo sokuphakamisa amandla ekudayeni:
Amandla okuphakamisa iidayi ezisasazwayo ahluka kakhulu phakathi kweentlobo ezithile. Idayi ezinamandla okuphakamisa aphezulu kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwimibala enzulu kunye nengqindilili, kunye nedayi enezinga eliphantsi lokunyusela zingasetyenziselwa ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo kunye nemibala ekhanyayo. Kuphela ngokulawula iimpawu zedayi kunye nokuzisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo umphumo wokulondoloza idayi kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zinokufezekiswa.
3. Uvavanyo lokuphakamisa:
Amandla okuphakamisa idayi obushushu obuphezulu kunye nokudaya koxinzelelo oluphezulu kubonakaliswa kwi%. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo zokudaya, izinga lokuphelelwa kwedayi kwisisombululo sedayi lilinganiswa, okanye ixabiso lobunzulu bombala wesampuli edayiweyo lilinganiswa ngokuthe ngqo. Ubunzulu bokudaya bedayi nganye bunokwahlulwa ngokwamanqanaba amathandathu ngokwe-1, 2, 3.5, 5, 7.5, 10% (OMF), kwaye ukudaya kuqhutywa kumatshini omncinci wesampulu yobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Amandla okuphakamisa idayi yokudaya eshushu enyibilikayo yokudaya okanye ushicilelo olulukiweyo abonakaliswe nge-g/L.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso yangempela, amandla okuphakamisa idayi yinguqu ekugxininiseni kwesisombululo sedayi, oko kukuthi, utshintsho kumthunzi wemveliso egqityiweyo ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso edayiweyo. Olu tshintsho alunakuqikelelwa kuphela, kodwa lunokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ubunzulu bexabiso lombala ngoncedo lwesixhobo, kwaye emva koko ubale igophe lamandla okuphakamisa idayi yokusabalalisa ngefomula yobunzulu bombala.
2. Amandla okugquma

1. Yintoni amandla okugquma idayi?

Kanye njengokufihlwa komqhaphu ofileyo ngeedayi ezisebenzayo okanye idayi yevat xa kudayiwa umqhaphu, ukufihlwa kwedayi ezisasazwayo kumgangatho ophantsi wepolyester kubizwa ngokuba yi-coverage apha. I-polyester (okanye i-acetate fiber) ilaphu le-filament, kubandakanywa ne-knitwear, zihlala zinemibala emva kokuba zidaywe ngedayi ezisasazwayo. Zininzi izizathu zeprofayile yombala, ezinye ziziphene zokuluka, kwaye ezinye zivezwa emva kokudaya ngenxa yomahluko kumgangatho wefayibha.

2. Uvavanyo lokhuseleko:

Ukukhetha amalaphu e-polyester filament ekumgangatho ophantsi, ukudaya ngeedayi ezisasazekayo zemibala eyahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zokudaya, iimeko ezahlukeneyo ziya kwenzeka. Amanye amabakala emibala anzulu kwaye amanye awacacanga, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba iidayi ezisasazekileyo zinemibala eyahlukileyo. Umgangatho wokhuseleko. Ngokomgangatho ongwevu, ibakala loku-1 elinomahluko omkhulu wombala kunye nebakala lesi-5 ngaphandle kokwahlukana kombala.

Amandla okugquma amadayi asasaza kwifayile yombala anqunywe yisakhiwo sedayi ngokwayo. Uninzi lweedayi ezinezinga eliphezulu lokuqala lokudaya, ukusasazwa kancinci kunye nokufuduka okungahambi kakuhle kunokhuselo olubi kwifayile yombala. Amandla okugquma nawo anxulumene nokukhawuleza kwe-sublimation.

3. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kokudaya kwe-polyester filament:

Ngokuchasene noko, iidayi ezisasazwayo ezinamandla okugquma asezantsi zingasetyenziselwa ukubona umgangatho wemicu yepolyester. Iinkqubo zokuvelisa iifayibha ezingazinzanga, kubandakanywa utshintsho ekuqulunqweni nasekubekeni iiparamitha, kuya kubangela ukungahambi kakuhle kwi-fiber affinity. Ukuhlolwa komgangatho wokudaya kwemicu yepolyester kuqhele ukwenziwa ngedayi yokugquma ehlwempuzekileyo eyi-Eastman Fast Blue GLF (CI Disperse Blue 27), ukudaya ubunzulu be-1%, ibiliswa kwi-95℃ 100℃ imizuzu engama-30, ihlanjwa kwaye yomiswe ngokweqondo lombala. Umahluko Ukulinganisa ukuhlelwa.

4. Uthintelo kwimveliso:

Ukuze kuthintelwe ukwenzeka kombala we-shading kwimveliso yangempela, isinyathelo sokuqala kukuqinisa ukulawulwa komgangatho we-polyester fiber ekrwada. Ilitye lokuluka kufuneka lisebenzise umsonto wentsalela phambi kokutshintsha imveliso. Kwimathiriyeli ekrwada ekumgangatho ophantsi, ukusasaza idayi ezinamandla okugquma okulungileyo kunokukhethwa ukunqanda ukuthotywa kobunzima bemveliso egqityiweyo.

3. Uzinzo lokusasazeka

1. Uzinzo lokusasazwa kweedayi ezisasazwayo:

Iidayi ezisasazwayo zigalelwa emanzini zize zisasazwe zibe ngamasuntswana amahle. Ukusabalalisa ubungakanani be-particle kwandiswa ngokwe-formula ye-binomial, ngexabiso eliphakathi kwe-0.5 ukuya kwi-1 micron. Ubungakanani beentlobo zeedayi zentengiso ezikumgangatho ophezulu zisondele kakhulu, kwaye kukho ipesenti ephezulu, enokuthi ibonakaliswe yi-curve yokusabalalisa i-particle size. Iidayi ezinokusabalalisa ubungakanani bamasuntswana amdaka zineengqungquthela ezirhabaxa ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye nokuzinza okungahambi kakuhle kokusasazeka. Ukuba ubungakanani bamasuntswana bugqithise kakhulu kuluhlu oluphakathi, ukuphinda kuphinde kwenzeke amasuntswana amancinci. Ngenxa yokwanda kweengqungquthela ezinkulu ezihlaziyiweyo, iidayi ziyancitshiswa kwaye zifakwe kwiindonga zomatshini wokudaya okanye kwimicu.

Ukuze wenze iincinci ezintle zedayi zibe yi-dispersion yamanzi ezinzileyo, kufuneka kubekho ukuxinwa okwaneleyo kwe-disperant yedayi ebilayo emanzini. Amasuntswana edayi ajikelezwe yi-dispersant, ethintela idayi ukuba isondelelane, ithintele ukudibanisa okanye ukudibanisa. Ukunyanyiswa kwentlawulo ye-anion kunceda ukuzinzisa ukusabalalisa. I-anionic dispersants esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya i-lignosulfonates yendalo okanye i-synthetic naphthalene sulfonic acid dispersants: kukwakho ne-non-ionic dispersants, ininzi yazo i-alkylphenol polyoxyethylene derivatives, ezisetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ukuprinta kwe-synthetic paste.

2. Izinto ezichaphazela uzinzo lokusasazwa kweedayi ezisasazwayo:

Ukungcola kwidayi yokuqala kunokuchaphazela kakubi imeko yokusabalalisa. Utshintsho lwekristale yedayi luyinto ebalulekileyo. Ezinye iindawo zekristale zilula ukusabalalisa, ngelixa ezinye azilula. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokudaya, imeko yekristale yedayi ngamanye amaxesha iyatshintsha.

Xa idayi ihlakazekile kwisisombululo samanzi, ngenxa yempembelelo yezinto zangaphandle, imeko ezinzileyo yokusabalalisa iyatshatyalaliswa, enokubangela ukuba i-phenomenon yedayi ye-crystal ikhule, i-particle aggregation kunye ne-flocculation.

Umahluko phakathi kwe-aggregation kunye ne-flocculation kukuba yangaphambili inokunyamalala kwakhona, ibuyele umva, kwaye iphinde isasazwe kwakhona ngokuvuselela, ngelixa idayi edibeneyo i-dispersion engenakubuyiselwa ekuzinzeni. Iziphumo ezibangelwa kukushukuma kwamasuntswana edayi ziquka: amabala ombala, ukucotha kombala, isivuno esisezantsi sombala, ukudaya okungalinganiyo, kunye nokungcoliswa kwetanki.

Izinto ezibangela ukungazinzi kwedayi yokusasazwa kotywala zihamba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: umgangatho wedayi ongalunganga, ubushushu obuphezulu bedayi yotywala, ixesha elide kakhulu, isantya sempompo esikhawulezayo, ixabiso eliphantsi le-pH, izixhobo ezingafanelekanga kunye namalaphu amdaka.

3. Uvavanyo lokuzinza kokusasazwa:

A. Indlela yephepha lokucoca:
Nge-10 g / L yokusabalalisa isisombululo sedayi, yongeza i-acetic acid ukulungisa ixabiso le-pH. Thatha i-500 ml kwaye ucoce nge #2 yephepha lokucoca kwifuneli yeporcelain ukujonga ukucoleka kwamasuntswana. Thatha enye i-400 ml kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lokudaya umatshini wokuvavanya okungenanto, ukufudumala ukuya kwi-130 ° C, yigcine ishushu iyure eli-1, uyipholise phantsi, kwaye uyihluze ngephepha lokucoca ukuthelekisa utshintsho kwi-particle yedayi. . Emva kokuba utywala bedayi obushushu kubushushu obuphezulu buhluzwa, akukho mabala ombala kwiphepha, ebonisa ukuba ukuzinza kwe-dispersion kulungile.

B. Umbala wendlela yesilo-qabane:
Idayi yoxinaniso 2.5% (ubunzima kwi-polyester), umlinganiselo wokuhlamba 1:30, yongeza i-1 ml ye-10% ye-ammonium sulfate, ulungelelanise i-pH 5 kunye ne-1% ye-acetic acid, thatha i-10 grams ye-polyester ephothiweyo yelaphu, uyiqengqele kudonga olunemingxuma; kwaye ujikeleze ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesisombululo sedayi Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lokudaya umatshini omncinci wesampula, ubushushu bunyuswa ukuya kwi-130 ° C kwi-80 ° C, bugcinwe imizuzu eyi-10, bupholile ukuya kwi-100 ° C, buhlanjwe kwaye bomiswe ngaphakathi. amanzi, kwaye wajonga ukuba kukho amabala ombala odityanisiweyo kwilaphu.

Okwesine, uvakalelo lwe-pH

1. Yintoni uvakalelo lwe-pH?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeedayi ezisasazwayo, iichromatograms ezibanzi, kunye novakalelo olwahluke kakhulu kwi-pH. Izisombululo zokudaya ezinamaxabiso ahlukeneyo e-pH zihlala zikhokelela kwiziphumo ezahlukeneyo zokudaya, ezichaphazela ubunzulu bombala, kwaye zibangele utshintsho olukhulu lombala. Kwindawo eneasidi ebuthathaka (pH4.5～5.5), iidayi ezisasazwayo zikwimeko ezinzileyo.

Amaxabiso e-pH yezisombululo zedayi yorhwebo awafani, amanye angathathi hlangothi, kwaye amanye anealkaline kancinane. Ngaphambi kokudaya, hlengahlengisa kwi-pH echaziweyo nge-acetic acid. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokudaya, ngamanye amaxesha ixabiso le-pH lesisombululo sedayi liya kwanda ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, i-asidi ye-fomic kunye ne-ammonium sulfate inokongezwa ukugcina isisombululo sedayi kwisimo esibuthakathaka se-asidi.

2. Impembelelo yokwakheka kwedayi kubuntununtunu be-pH:

Ezinye iidayi ezisasaza nge-azo structure zivakalelwa kakhulu kwi-alkali kwaye azikwazi ukumelana nokunciphisa. Uninzi lweedayi ezisasaza kunye namaqela e-ester, amaqela e-cyano okanye amaqela e-amide aya kuchaphazeleka yi-alkaline hydrolysis, eya kuchaphazela umthunzi oqhelekileyo. Ezinye iintlobo zinokudaywa kwibhafu enye ngeedayi ezithe ngqo okanye i-pad edaywe kwibhafu enye kunye nedayi esebenzayo nokuba idayiwe kubushushu obuphezulu phantsi kweemeko ezingathathi hlangothi okanye ezibuthathaka zealkaline ngaphandle kokutshintsha kombala.

Xa imibala yokushicilela kufuneka isebenzise iidayi ezihlakazayo kunye nedayi esebenzayo ukuprinta ubungakanani obufanayo, kuphela idayi ezizinzile zealkali zingasetyenziselwa ukuphepha impembelelo yesoda yokubhaka okanye isoda ash emthunzini. Nika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekufaniseni umbala. Kuyimfuneko ukuphumelela uvavanyo ngaphambi kokutshintsha uhlobo lwedayi, kwaye ufumane uluhlu lwe-pH ukuzinza kwedayi.
5. Ukuhambelana

1. Inkcazo yokuhambelana:

Kwimveliso yokudaya ngobuninzi, ukuze kufumaneke ukuphinda kuveliswe kakuhle, kudla ngokufuneka ukuba iipropathi zokudaya zemibala emithathu ephambili esetyenzisiweyo ziyafana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umahluko wemibala uyahambelana ngaphambi nangemva kweebhetshi. Uwulawula njani umahluko wombala phakathi kweebhetshi zeemveliso ezidayiweyo ezigqityiweyo kuluhlu oluvumelekileyo lomgangatho? Lo ngumbuzo ofanayo oquka ukuhambelana kombala wokuhambelana kwemigqaliselo yokudaya, ebizwa ngokuba yi-dayi ehambelanayo (ekwaziwa njengokuhambelana nokudaya). Ukuhambelana kweedayi ezisasazwayo kuhambelana nobunzulu bokudaya.

Iidayi ezisasazwayo ezisetyenziselwa ukudaywa kwe-cellulose acetate zikholisa ukufunwa ukuba zibe nemibala ephantse ibe yi-80°C. Iqondo lokushisa lombala wedayi liphezulu kakhulu okanye liphantsi kakhulu, elingenakulungelelaniswa nombala.

2. Uvavanyo lokuhambelana:

Xa i-polyester idayiwe kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, iimpawu zokudaya ze-disperse dyes zihlala zitshintshwa ngenxa yokufakwa kwelinye idayi. Umgaqo jikelele kukukhetha iidayi ezinamaqondo obushushu abalulekileyo okudaya ukuthelekisa umbala. Ukuze kuphandwe ukuhambelana kwedayi, uchungechunge lweemvavanyo ezincinci zokudaya zesampulu lunokwenziwa phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo nezixhobo zokuvelisa ukudaya, kunye neeparitha eziphambili zenkqubo ezifana nokugxininiswa kweresiphi, ubushushu besisombululo sokudaya kunye nokudaya. ixesha zitshintshwa ukuthelekisa umbala kunye nokukhanya ukuhambelana iisampulu ilaphu edayiweyo. , Beka iidayi ngokuhambelana ngcono ukudaya zibe kudidi olunye.

3. Indlela yokukhetha ukuhambelana kweedayi ngokufanelekileyo?

Xa i-polyester-cotton blended fabrics idayiwe kwi-hot melt, imibala ehambelana nedayi kufuneka ibe neempawu ezifanayo njengedayi ye-monochromatic. Iqondo lokushisa elinyibilikayo kunye nexesha kufuneka lihambelane neempawu zokulungisa idayi ukuze kuqinisekiswe isivuno esiphezulu sombala. Idayi nganye yombala omnye ine-curve ethile yokulungiswa kwe-hot-melt, enokusetyenziswa njengesiseko sokhetho lokuqala lwemibala ehambelana nedayi. Uhlobo oluphezulu lobushushu bokusasaza idayi ngokuqhelekileyo alukwazi ukuhambelana nemibala kunye nohlobo lobushushu obuphantsi, kuba bafuna amaqondo okushisa ahlukeneyo. Idayi zeqondo lokushisa eliphakathi azikwazi nje ukufanisa imibala kunye nedayi ephezulu yokushisa, kodwa kunye nokuhambelana nedayi yokushisa ephantsi. Ukulinganisa umbala okunengqiqo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuhambelana phakathi kweempawu zedayi kunye nokukhawuleza kombala. Isiphumo sokuhambelana kombala ngokungqongqo kukuba umthunzi awuzinzi kwaye ukuzala kombala wemveliso akulunganga.

Kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba imilo yegophe elinyibilikayo lokunyibilika kwedayi iyafana okanye iyafana, kwaye inani leeleya ze-monochromatic diffusion kwifilimu yepolyester nayo iyafana. Xa iidayi ezimbini zidaywe kunye, ukukhanya kombala kumaleko osasazo ngalunye kuhlala kungatshintshi, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ezi dayi zimbini zinokuhambelana kakuhle enye kwenye ngokuhambelana nombala; ngokuchaseneyo, imilo yegophe elinyibilikayo lokunyibilika kwedayi yahlukile (umzekelo, ijiko elinye liyanyuka ngokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, kwaye elinye ijiko liyehla ngokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu), umaleko we-monochromatic diffusion kwi-polyester. ifilimu Xa iidayi ezimbini ezinamanani ahlukeneyo zidaywe kunye, i-shades kwi-diffusion layer iyahluka, ngoko ayifanelekanga ukuba ifanise imibala, kodwa i-hue efanayo ayikho phantsi kwesi sithintelo. Thatha i-chestnut: Ukusasaza i-HGL eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emnyama kwaye usasaze i-3B ebomvu okanye usasaze i-RGFL emthubi ineegophe zokulungisa ezohlukileyo ezahlukeneyo zokunyibilika, kwaye inani leeleya ezisasazwayo kwifilimu yepolyester yahluke kakhulu, kwaye ayinakuhambelana nemibala. Ekubeni i-Disperse i-Red M-BL kunye ne-Disperse Red 3B ine-hues efanayo, isenokusetyenziswa ngokuhambelana nombala nangona iimpawu zabo ze-hot-melt zingahambelani.