Iingubo ezisetyenziswa emanzinizezona teknoloji zinkulu zokugquma ezisetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ziqhubeke zikhula njengepesenti yemarike iyonke yokugquma. Ngowama-2022,ubungakanani bemarike yehlabathiubuninzi beengubo ezisetyenziswa emanzini kulindeleke ukuba zibe ngaphezulu kwe-$146 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi. Ukukhula okukhulu kungenxa yokwanda komthamo kwiimarike zokwakha neemoto kunyeii-acrylicsukuba lolona hlobo lunye olukhulu lwenkqubo ye-resin eqhutywa ngamanzi emele ngaphezulu kwama-80% emarike iyonke eqhutywa ngamanzi.

Le yi-Athena.MIT-IVY INDUSTRY ebandakanyeka kakhulu ekupeyinteni ipeyinti yemizi-mveliso esekwe emanzini, ndiyazi ukuba ufuna iimveliso ezisemgangathweni ophezulu, ezixabiso liphantsi kunye nenkxaso yobugcisa, sinesiqinisekiso se-ISO, ingakumbi ikhathalogu yemveliso enexabiso. Sikholelwa kuphela kumgangatho ophezulu,

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Amandla okuqhubaUkusetyenziswa okwandisiweyo kwezinto ezisetyenziswa emanzini kuquka:

• I-VOC esezantsi
• Kulula ukucoca kwiimeko ezininzi
• Ukuncipha kwengozi yomlilo
• Ixabiso eliphantsi leinshurensi
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsiiingubo ezibhakiweyongenxa yesidingo somoya omncinci wokwenza i-makeup kwi-oven
• Isidingo sokunciphisa amanqanabaipetroliyamizixhobo ezisekelwe kuzo.

Njengoko inqaku leProspector likaMeyi, 2014 lithethaUkuhamba, ukulinganisa kunye nolawulo lokuxinana kwezinto ezisetyenziswa emanziniibonisa ukuba, iindidi ezimbini ezinkulu zeengubo ezisetyenziswa emanzini ziqukaencitshiswa ngamanzikwayei-latex, uninzi lweengubo ezibhakiweyo ziwela kudidi lokuqala, uninzi lweengubo zokwakha ziphantsi kodidi lwesibini. Eli gamaencitshiswa ngamanziisetyenziselwa iiresini ezenziwe kwi-solvent kwaye zincitshiswe emanzini ukwenza ukusasazeka kweresini emanzini.I-Latexkwelinye icala iiresini zilungiswa nge-emulsion polymerization emanzini.

Iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kweengubo ezisetyenziswa emanzini ziquka:

• Ukuxhomekeka okuphezulu kwesantya somphunga kumswakama ohambelanayo
• Ubushushu obuphezulu bokufuma kwamanzi bufuna i-2260 J/g yamanzi kwaye umzekelo i-373 J/g kuphelaI-2-butoxyethanol, into esetyenziswa rhoqoi-cosolvent
• I-Nonlinear viscosity reduction curve yeengubo ezisebenzisa ii-resin ezincitshiswa ngamanzi
• Ukuxhomekeka okuphezulu kokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokubonakala kwawo kumswakama ohambelanayo
• Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwamanzi kumphezulu (ukumanzisa okungekuhle) kufuna ukongezwaizinto ezibangela ukudumbanto leyo kwiimeko ezininzi ithintela ukumelana nokufuma
• Iingubo ezisetyenziswa emanzini zinobuthi ngakumbi kuneengubo ezizalwa zinyibilikisile kwaye ngenxa yoko zifuna izikhongozeli ezineengubo, iplastiki okanye intsimbi engagqwaliyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukugqwala.
• Iingubo ezisetyenziswa emanzini zidla ngokubonakala lula xa kubhakwa njengoko ifilimu iqala ukwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba amanzi aphele kwifilimu (jonga iTheyibhile I)

Nangona kunjalo, inkqubela phambili eqhubekayo kwisayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo ibandakanya uphuhliso kwi-resin chemistry, ii-surfactants,izinto zokumanzisakwayeiiarhente zokuhamba kwamanzikuya kunceda ukuba kubekho ukukhula okuqhubekayo kweengubo eziphuma emanzini.

Umfanekiso I umele amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okomisa inkqubo yepeyinti esekwe kwi-latex. Inqanaba lokuqala libandakanya ukufuma kwamanzi. Inqanaba lesibini libandakanya ukufuma okuqhubekayo kwamanzi kunye ne-cosolvent ukuya kwinqanaba apho amasuntswana e-latex achukumisa aze aqale ukuhlangana ukuze enze ifilimu eyomileyo kancinci.

Inqanaba lokugqibela libandakanya ukuqhubeka kokudibana kunye nokunyanga (kwinkqubo edibeneyo) ukuze kwenziwe ifilimu yepeyinti eyomileyo neyomileyo enamathelayo.

Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kusetyenziswa izinto ezisetyenziswa emanzini kukwanda kwendima edlalwa kukufuma kunye nobushushu ekusetyenzisweni nasekunyangweni kwezi zinto. Umzekelo, ukuze kubekho iimpawu zokusetyenziswa ezamkelekileyo, zombini ubushushu kunye nokufuma kufuneka kulawulwe ngononophelo njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso II. Impembelelo yokufuma kwiimpahla eziqulethe isinyibilikisi samanzi-esiphilayo ayinakutyeshelwa.

Umzekelo, izinga lokuphuma kwamanzi (E) kwi-0-5% RH kuma-25°C yi-0.31, kodwa kwi-100% RH i-E yi-0. I-E ye-2-butoxyethanol, i-cosolvent esetyenziswa kakhulu, yi-0.077. Kwi-RH ephantsi, amanzi aphuma ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngaloo ndlela umlinganiselo we-2-butoxyethanol kumanzi uyanda; okwahlukileyo kuyinyani xa kufuma kakhulu.

Xa kusetyenziswa izinto zokugquma ezisetyenziswa emanzini, ukuba ukufuma akunanzwa, kuya kubakho umahluko kwiipropati zokusetyenziswa kunye nenkangeleko. Umzekelo, ukuba ubushushu xa kusetyenziswa unyaka wonke buyi-70° – 80° F, ukusetyenziswa okomileyo (ukulahleka kokuhamba kwamanzi) kuya kubangela iinyanga zasebusika ngenxa yokufuma okuphantsi ngakumbi kwiindawo ezibandayo kwaye ukuhamba kwamanzi okugqithisileyo kuya kubonwa kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni (ukufuma okuphezulu). Umzekelo wemeko yamva kukuba malunga ne-65% yokufuma okunxulumeneyo/25°C, ukufakelwa kwamanzi okuqulethe i-10.6% ye-2-butoxyethanol ye-volatiles, izinga lokuphuma kwamanzi kunye ne-2-butoxyethanol zilingana. Olu bushushu lubizwa ngokuba yi-Critical Relative Humidity.

Umfanekiso II Ukuxhomekeka kokusetyenziswa kweeCoatings ezisetyenziswa emanzini kumswakama kunye nobushushu.

Itheyibhile I ibonisa ukuxhomekeka okwandileyo kweengubo eziphuma emanzini ekuveleni kwiifilimu ezahlukeneyo xa kuthelekiswa neengubo ezizalwa zinyibilikisi.

Itheyibhile I Ubukhulu beFilimu obubalulekileyo bokuKhanya kwiiMicrons, iiOrganic Coatings, iWiley-Interscience, 2007, uZeno W. Wicks Jr., uFrank N. Jones, uS. Peter Pappas, uDouglas A. Wicks

Iingubo ezisetyenziswa emanzini ziquka iintlobo ngeentlobo ze-resin ezifanai-acrylic,i-alkyd,i-urethane,i-polyester,i-epoxy,i-fluoropolymer, umgubo ophuma emanzini kunye neekhemikhali zokunyanga kuqukaunyango lwe-UV,i-aminoplast, i-urethane,i-epoxy-polyamide,i-oxidativekwayei-thermoplastic eyomileyo emoyeniIintlobo. Njengoko iTheyibhile II ibonisa, ubungakanani beenxalenye kunye noyilo lweenxalenye (umz. iqokobhe eliphambili) nako kunegalelo kwiimpawu zefilimu zokugqibela zengubo. Ngamafutshane, xa imiba eyahlukileyo enxulumene nokusetyenziswa kweengubo ezisetyenziswa emanzini iqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo, inikezela ngokusebenza okugqwesileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo.

Itheyibhile II – Iimpawu zeeResins ezahlukeneyo ezisekelwe emanzini

I-Prospector idwelisa inani lababoneleli bee-resin ezithwala amanzi, ii-surfactants, ii-wetting kunye nee-flow agents ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo.

Uluhlu lwethu olupheleleyo lweepeyinti kunye neengubo zemizi-mveliso ezisekelwe emanzini.

• Iipakethi ezimbini ze-Epoxy Primer Black Matt

• I-Acrylic Aliphatic Polyurethane Finish Glossy

• Ukugqitywa kwe-Acrylic Polyurethane

• I-Alkyd

• I-Alkyd Black

• I-Alkyd Thinner

• Iprimer ye-Red Oxide elwa nokugqwala

• Iprimer emnyama

• Isitywini sokuphosa

• Ungwevu wamalahle

• Ukwaleka kokugqiba i-Epoxy

• I-Epoxy Primer

• I-Epoxy Thinner

• Ipeyinti yokugqiba i-Epoxy Primer Cum enyanga ngokukhawuleza

• I-Epoxy Zinc Phosphate Primer

• I-Foundry thinner

• Ukugqitywa okumelana nobushushu

• Ingubo yokugqiba yePolyurethane

���Iimpawu esizibonelelayo:

Iipeyinti zeBerger, iKansai Nerolac, i-Asian PPG, i-AkzoNobel

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