Yise kude
Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngamayeza aphakathi zibhekisa kwizinto ezithile zekhemikhali okanye iimveliso zeekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwamayeza.
Ngokutsho kolu shishino, ishishini lamayeza aphakathi, njengecandelo elibalulekileyo leshishini leekhemikhali ezintle, liya kuba nendawo enkulu yophuhliso kwixesha elizayo.
| Imveliso | I-CAS |
| I-N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine I-DMPT | 99-97-8 |
| I-N,N-Dimethyl-o-toluidine I-DMOT | 609-72-3 |
| 2,3-Dichlorobenzaldehyde | 6334-18-5 |
| 2′,4′-Dichloroacetophenone | 2234-16-4 |
| Utywala obuyi-2,4-Dichlorobenzyl | 1777-82-8 |
| I-ether ye-3,4′-Dichlorodiphenyl | 6842-62-2 |
| I-2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)acetophenone | 119851-28-4 |
| 2,4-dichlorotoluene | 95-73-8 |
| i-o-Phenylenediamine | 95-54-5 |
| i-o-Toluidine OT | 95-53-4 |
| I-3-Methyl-N, i-N-diethyl aniline | 91-67-8 |
| I-N,N-Diethyl aniline | 91-66-7 |
| I-N-Ethylaniline | 103-69-5 |
| I-N-Ethyl-o-toluidine | 94-68-8 |
| I-N,N-Dimethylaniline I-DMA | 121-69-7 |
| 2-Naphthol I-beta naphthol | 135-19-3 |
| Auramine O | 2465-27-2 |
| I-Crystal violet lactone I-CVL | 1552-42-7 |
Ukususela kwimbali yophuhliso lweshishini leekhemikhali ezisebenzisanayo zaseTshayina, emva kweminyaka ephantse ibe ngama-30 yophuhliso, iikhemikhali ezisebenzisanayo ziye zaphuhliswa zisuka kwisebe elincinci leshishini leekhemikhali zaya kwishishini elikhulayo elinexabiso lemveliso eliziibhiliyoni zeeyuan, kwaye ukhuphiswano lwemarike luya lusiba nzima ngakumbi.
Kuyaqondakala ukuba kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso lweshishini leemveliso zamayeza, ngenxa yotyalo-mali oluncinci kunye nesantya esiphezulu sembuyekezo, amashishini eemveliso zamayeza avela njengeentyatyambo zebhambo emva kwemvula, ingakumbi eZhejiang, eTaizhou, eNanjing nakwezinye iindawo ezineemeko ezilungileyo zophuhliso lweemveliso zamayeza, uphuhliso lukhawuleza kakhulu.
Okwangoku, njengoko utshintsho lwendlela yokuthengisa amayeza, kunye nokuveliswa kwamayeza amatsha kwimarike kuncitshisiwe, ubunzima bophuhliso lwemveliso entsha kushishino lwamayeza luya lukhula, imveliso yendabuko iya isiba kukhuphiswano oluqatha ngakumbi, inzuzo kushishino lwamayeza iyancipha ngokukhawuleza, kwaye amachiza aphakathi aba yimfuneko yokucinga ngengxaki yokuba uphuhliso lweshishini luqhubeka njani.
Eli shishini likholelwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba lizenzele iingenelo zalo zokhuphiswano kwiinkalo zobuchwepheshe, impembelelo, utshintsho njalo njalo, ukuze livelele kwimarike.
Ngokuphathelele ubuchwepheshe, ibhekisa ikakhulu ekuphuculeni ubuchwepheshe kunye nokonga iindleko.
Kubikwa ukuba izixhobo zokuxuba amayeza zinendlela ende yokusebenza, amanyathelo amaninzi okusabela, isixa esikhulu se-solvent, kunye namathuba amakhulu okuphucula ubuchwephesha.
Umzekelo, izinto ezikrwada ezinexabiso eliphantsi zingasetyenziswa endaweni yezinto ezikrwada ezinexabiso eliphezulu, ezifana ne-bromine esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-aminotaxime acid, i-ammonium thiocyanate endaweni ye-potassium thiocyanate (i-sodium) kwimveliso, njl.
Ukongeza, isinyibilikisi esinye singasetyenziselwa ukuthatha indawo yezinyibilikisi ezahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yokusabela, kwaye utywala obuveliswa yi-hydrolysis yeemveliso ze-ester bunokufunyanwa kwakhona.
Kwicala lempembelelo, ikakhulu kukwenza iimveliso zayo ezizodwa nokuphucula impembelelo kushishino.
Kuyaqondakala ukuba ngenxa yoshishino lwe-medicine intermediates yaseTshayina, ukhuphiswano lokudibanisa imveliso lunzima, ukuba ishishini linokwenza iimveliso zalo ezigqwesileyo, liya kukwazi ukufumana iingenelo ezingaphezulu kwimarike.
Ngokuphathelele utshintsho, okwangoku, njengoko iimfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo zasekhaya ziya zisiba nzima, izixhobo zityekele kumashishini anexabiso eliphezulu, kwaye ngokunyuka kweendleko zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, utshintsho lube yingxaki ekufuneka amashishini aphakathi kwamayeza acinge ngayo ukuze aphuhlise ngokuzinzileyo.
Kucetyiswa ukuba amashishini aphakathi kwamayeza andise uthotho lwemizi-mveliso phezulu nasezantsi, aze adlulisele izinto eziphambili abazisebenzisayo kwimveliso yawo, nto leyo enokunciphisa iindleko. Okwangoku, kwezinye izinto ezikhethekileyo, ingathintela ukuzimela kwezixhobo eziphambili.
Eli shishini lithi ukuhamba endleleni, apho izinto ezisetyenziswa ngamayeza zifakwa ngqo kwi-APIs, kunokunyusa ixabiso leemveliso ngelixa zithengiswa ngqo kwiinkampani zamayeza.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba utyalo-mali olusezantsi lukhulu, ngelixa iimfuno zobuchwepheshe bokuvelisa ziphezulu, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukugcina ubudlelwane obuhle nabavelisi abasebenzisa i-API.
Lilonke, amashishini aphambili anokufumana iingenelo ezingakumbi zokukhuphisana.
Ukongeza, uphando nophuhliso lubaluleke kakhulu kwishishini eliphakathi. Okwangoku, ishishini eliphakathi lezemithi eTshayina ngokubanzi alinikeli ngqalelo ingako kuphando nophuhliso.
Ngoko ke, kwimeko yokuphucula rhoqo iimfuno zobugcisa, amashishini e-R & D asebenzayo anamandla e-R & D aqinileyo aya kuvela phambili, ngelixa amashishini amancinci naphakathi angenawo amandla e-R & D anokususwa yimarike. Kwixesha elizayo, uxinaniso lweshishini luya kwanda ngakumbi, kwaye inqanaba lophuhliso eliphakathi neliphantsi liya kukhula liye kwinqanaba eliphezulu.
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-25-2021