Amacandelo emarike ahlukeneyo aneemfuno ezahlukeneyo zomgangatho we-ammonia kunye neendleko.

Ukusukela ngo-2022, iprojekthi yeprojekthi ye-ammonia eluhlaza yasekhaya iye yafakwa ekwakhiweni, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukuba ixesha lokwakha leprojekthi ngokuqhelekileyo liyiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3, iprojekthi yasekhaya ye-ammonia eluhlaza sele iza kungenisa imveliso esembindini. Ishishini liqikelela ukuba ngo-2024, i-ammonia eluhlaza yasekhaya okanye iya kufezekisa ukungena kwi-batch kwimarike, kwaye umthamo wokubonelela uya kuba kufuphi ne-1 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka ngo-2025. Ukususela kumbono wemfuno yemarike ye-synthetic ammonia, amacandelo ahlukeneyo emarike ahlukeneyo. iimfuno umgangatho imveliso kunye nexabiso ammonia zokwenziwa, kwaye kukwafuneka ukuba uqale ukusuka iimpawu trend yekhonkco ngalinye lemarike ukuhlola ithuba lemarike ammonia eluhlaza.

Ngokusekwe kunikezelo kunye nepateni yemfuno yeammonia yokwenziwa e-China, imfuno yomgangatho wemveliso yecandelo lemarike ngalinye kunye nexabiso le-ammonia, uphando lwe-NENG Jing luhlalutye nje inzuzo kunye nendawo yentengiso ye-ammonia eluhlaza kwicala ngalinye lemarike yereferensi yoshishino.

01 Imarike yeammonia eluhlaza ineendlela ezintathu eziphambili

Kweli nqanaba, ukubonelela kunye nemfuno yemarike yasekhaya ye-ammonia yokwenziwa ilungelelene, kwaye kukho uxinzelelo oluthile olugqithileyo.

Kwicala lemfuno, ukusetyenziswa okubonakalayo kuyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ngokutsho kwe-National Bureau of Statistics kunye nedatha yezithethe, imarike ye-ammonia yokwenziwa ilawulwa kusetyenziso lwasekhaya, kwaye ukusetyenziswa okubonakalayo kwe-ammonia yokwenziwa yasekhaya kuya kunyuka malunga ne-1% ngonyaka ukusuka kwi-2020 ukuya ku-2022, ukufikelela malunga ne-53.2 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2022. I-2025, kunye nokwandiswa kwemveliso ye-caprolactam kunye nezinye izixhobo ezisezantsi, kulindeleke ukuba kuxhaswe ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kwe-ammonia yokwenziwa, kwaye ukusetyenziswa okubonakalayo kuya kufikelela kwi-60 yezigidi zeetoni.

Kwicala lokubonelela, umthamo opheleleyo wemveliso ye-synthetic ammonia ikwinqanaba "lokuphuma phantsi". Ngokwedatha yeNitrogen Fertilizer Industry Association, okoko kwavulwa ngasemva amandla okuvelisa i-ammonia yokwenziwa e-China ngexesha le-"13th yeminyaka emihlanu yeSicwangciso", ukulungiswa kobume bemveliso kuye kwagqitywa ngo-2022, kunye nemveliso. Umthamo we-synthetic ammonia utshintshile ukusuka ekunciphiseni ukuya ekunyukeni okokuqala, ukuchacha ukusuka kwi-64.88 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka ngo-2021 ukuya kwi-67.6 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka, kwaye ngaphezu kwe-4 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka umthamo wonyaka (ngaphandle kwe-ammonia eluhlaza) icwangciselwe umhlaba. Ngo-2025, amandla okuvelisa okanye ngaphezu kwe-70 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka, umngcipheko wokugqithiswa kwamandla aphezulu.

EzoLimo, ishishini leekhemikhali kunye namandla ziya kuba zezona zikhokelo zintathu zeemarike ze-synthetic ammonia kunye ne-ammonia eluhlaza. Amasimi ezolimo kunye neekhemikhali enza imarike yemasheya ye-synthetic ammonia. Ngokutsho kwedatha yeZhuochuang Ulwazi, kwi-2022, ukusetyenziswa kwe-ammonia yokwenziwa kwintsimi yezolimo kuya kubalelwa malunga ne-69% yokusetyenziswa okupheleleyo kwe-ammonia yokwenziwa e-China, ngokukodwa ukuveliswa kwe-urea, i-phosphate fertilizer kunye nezinye izichumisi; Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ammonia yokwenziwa kwishishini lemichiza malunga ne-31%, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yeekhemikhali ezifana ne-nitric acid, i-caprolactam kunye ne-acrylonitrile. Icandelo lamandla lelona shishini lexesha elizayo elongezelelekileyo kwi-synthetic ammonia. Ngokwezibalo kunye nokubalwa kophando lwaMandla, ngeli nqanaba, ukusetyenziswa kwe-ammonia yokwenziwa kwintsimi yamandla kusengaphantsi kwe-0.1% yokusetyenziswa iyonke ye-synthetic ammonia, kwaye ngo-2050, umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kwe-ammonia yokwenziwa kumandla. intsimi kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele ngaphezu kwe-25%, kwaye iimeko zesicelo ezinokubakho ziquka ikakhulu abathwali bokugcina i-hydrogen, amafutha okuthutha, kunye nokutsha kwe-ammonia-doped kwizityalo zamandla okushisa.

02 Imfuno yezoLimo - Ulawulo lweendleko ezisezantsi lunamandla, i-green ammonia profit margin incinci kancinane, imfuno ye-ammonia kwintsimi yezolimo izinzile. Imeko yokusetyenziswa kwe-ammonia kwintsimi yezolimo ibandakanya ukuveliswa kwe-urea kunye ne-ammonium phosphate fertilizer. Phakathi kwabo, ukuveliswa kwe-urea yeyona nto inkulu yokusetyenziswa kwe-ammonia kwintsimi yezolimo, kwaye i-0.57-0.62 yeetoni ze-ammonia zisetyenziselwa yonke i-toni ye-urea eveliswayo. Ngokuka-National Bureau of Statistics, ukusuka ngo-2018 ukuya ku-2022, imveliso ye-urea yasekhaya iye yaguquguquka malunga ne-50 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka, kwaye imfuno ehambelanayo ye-ammonia yokwenziwa yayimalunga ne-30 yezigidi zeetoni / ngonyaka. Isixa se-ammonia esisetyenziswe sisichumiso se-ammonium phosphate simalunga ne-5 yezigidi zeetoni ngonyaka, nto leyo nayo izinzile.

Ukuveliswa kwesichumiso se-nitrogen kwintsimi yezolimo kuneemfuno ezikhululekileyo zokucoceka kunye nomgangatho wezinto eziluhlaza ze-ammonia. Ngokutsho umgangatho wesizwe GB536-88, ammonia elulwelo imveliso egqwesileyo, iimveliso zodidi lokuqala, iimveliso abafanelekileyo amabanga amathathu, umxholo ammonia yafikelela 99,9%, 99,8%, 99,6% okanye ngaphezulu. Isichumiso se-nitrogen, esifana ne-urea, sineemfuno ezibanzi zomgangatho kunye nokucoceka kweemveliso, kwaye abavelisi ngokubanzi bafuna imathiriyeli ekrwada ye-ammonia yolwelo ukufikelela kwinqanaba leemveliso ezifanelekileyo. Ixabiso lilonke le-ammonia kwezolimo liphantsi. Ngokombono wokubonelela nge-ammonia kunye neendleko ze-ammonia, i-urea yasekhaya kunye nenye imveliso yesichumiso se-ammonium phosphate inesityalo esakhiweyo se-ammonia, ixabiso le-ammonia lixhomekeke kwixabiso lemarike yamalahle, igesi yendalo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwesityalo se-ammonia. , ixabiso le-ammonia ngokuqhelekileyo yi-1500 ~ 3000 yuan/ton. Lilonke, ixabiso elamkelekileyo lezinto ezikrwada ze-ammonia kwintsimi yezolimo lingaphantsi kwe-4000 yuan/toni. Ngokutsho kwedatha yemveliso yobuninzi boluntu lwezoshishino, ukusuka kwi-2018 ukuya kwi-2022, i-urea i malunga ne-2,600 yuan / toni ngexabiso eliphezulu, kwaye malunga ne-1,700 yuan / toni ngexabiso eliphantsi. Uphando lwamandla ludityaniswe nezigaba ezahlukeneyo zeendleko zemathiriyeli ebanzi, iindleko zenkqubo kunye nezinye izinto, ukuba akukho lahleko, i-urea kumaxabiso aphezulu kwaye asezantsi ahambelana neendleko ze-ammonia malunga ne-3900 yuan / ton ukuya kwi-2200 yuan / ton, kwixabiso le-ammonia eluhlaza. umgca nangaphantsi kwenqanaba.