01 Imeko ngokubanzi

I-MDI (i-diphenylmethane diisocyanic acid) yinto eyenziwe nge-polyurethane eyenziwe yi-isocyanate, i-polyol kunye ne-arhente yayo encedisayo, esetyenziswa kwizixhobo zasekhaya, kwizakhiwo, kwezothutho nakwezinye iindawo.

I-MDI ithathwa njengenye yeemveliso ezinkulu ezinemiqobo ephezulu kakhulu kushishino lweekhemikhali. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-isocyanate inde, kubandakanya i-nitration reaction, i-reduction reaction kunye ne-acidification reaction.

Kukho iinkqubo ezimbini eziphambili zemveliso ye-MDI: i-phosgenation kunye ne-non-phosgenation. Inkqubo ye-Phosgene yeyona teknoloji iphambili yokuvelisa i-isocyanates kwimizi-mveliso okwangoku, kwaye ikwayindlela ekuphela kwayo enokufezekisa ukuveliswa okukhulu kwe-isocyanates. Nangona kunjalo, i-phosgene inetyhefu kakhulu, kwaye impendulo kufuneka yenziwe phantsi kweemeko ze-asidi enamandla, efuna izixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.

Uhlobo lwe-02

I-MDI ngokubanzi yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu: i-polymer MDI, i-pure MDI kunye ne-modified MDI:

I-MDI eyenziwe nge-polymerized sisixhobo esiluhlaza sokuvelisa i-polyurethane hard foam kunye ne-semi-hard foam, kwaye iimveliso zayo ezigqityiweyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwifriji, kwizixhobo zokukhusela ubushushu, kwiindawo zokulungisa iimoto nakwezinye iindawo zoshishino.

I-Pure MDI isetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni iintlobo ngeentlobo zee-polyurethane elastomers, isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni ii-thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers, i-spandex, i-PU leather slurry, izincamathelisi zezihlangu, kwaye isetyenziswa nakwizinto ze-microporous elastomer, ezifana nee-soles, amatayara aqinileyo, i-self-crusting foam, ii-car bumpers, iindawo zokuhlobisa zangaphakathi, kunye nokwenza ii-cast polyurethane elastomers.

Njengemvelaphi yeemveliso zochungechunge lwe-MDI, i-MDI eguquliweyo lulwandiso lobuchwephesha lweemveliso ze-MDI ezicocekileyo kunye ne-MDI ezenziwe nge-polymer ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimarike okwangoku, kwaye zinokubonelela ngeempawu zokusetyenziswa kunye nokucubungula ngokwahlukileyo ngokwendlela eyahlukileyo yoyilo lwesakhiwo semveliso kunye nenkqubo yokwenziwa, ukuze isetyenziswe kakhulu kwiibhamu ezithambileyo, ii-elastomers, ii-coating, ii-adhesives kunye nezinye iindawo.

03 Ukunyuka nokuhla koluhlu lwemizi-mveliso

Phezulu kweoli, igesi yendalo, isinyithi kunye nezinye izibonelelo;

Iindawo eziphakathi ziikhemikhali eziphakathi kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye neemveliso zokugqibela ezisezantsi, ezimele i-WH Chemical, i-WX petrochemical, njl.

Ezantsi kukho iimveliso zokugqibela zeekhemikhali, ezifana neeplastiki, irabha, izibulali-zinambuzane, izichumisi, njl.njl., ezimele inkampani iJF Technology, amatayara eLL, iikhemikhali zeRL, iHR Hengsheng, njl.njl.

04 Uhlalutyo lweemfuno kunye nomahluko kwimarike

I-polyurethane eveliswa yi-MDI ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwayo, ikakhulu isetyenziswa kushishino lokwakha, kushishino lwasekhaya, kwizixhobo zasekhaya, kushishino lothutho, kushishino lwezihlangu, njl. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kwe-MDI kunxulumene kakhulu nomgangatho wokuchuma koqoqosho lwehlabathi.

Ngokwembono yehlabathi, ulwakhiwo olupheleleyo lokusetyenziswa kwe-MDI eyenziwe nge-polymer ngo-2021 ikakhulu: i-49% kushishino lokwakha, i-21% kwizixhobo zasekhaya, i-17% kwi-adhesives, kunye ne-11% kwiimoto.

Ngokwembono yasekhaya, umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa kwe-MDI eyenziwe nge-polymer ngo-2021 ikakhulu yi: 40% yeempahla ezimhlophe, 28% kushishino lokwakha, 16% kwizinto zokuncamathelisa, kunye ne-7% kwiimoto.

05 Ipateni yoKhuphiswano

Icala lokubonelela nge-MDI libonisa indlela yokhuphiswano lwe-oligopoly. Kukho abavelisi abasibhozo abakhulu be-MDI ehlabathini, kwaye abavelisi abathathu abaphambili ngokwezakhono zabo yi-WH Chemical, i-BASF kunye ne-Covestro, apho amandla adibeneyo amashishini amathathu enza ngaphezulu kwe-60% yamandla emveliso ewonke ehlabathini. Phakathi kwabo, i-WH Chemical yeyona nkampani iphambili kushishino lwe-MDI eTshayina kwaye yeyona nkampani inkulu yokuvelisa i-MDI ehlabathini.