Ikwaziwa ngokuba yi-dimethyl tiphenylamine, engenambala ukuya kulwelo oluneoyile olukhanyayo, olunevumba elinukayo, kulula ukufakwa kwi-oxidize emoyeni okanye phantsi kwelanga kwaye usebenzise i-ze mnyama. Uxinzelelo olunxulumeneyo (20℃/ 4℃) 0.9555, indawo yokukhenkceza 2.0℃, indawo ebilayo 193℃, indawo edanyazayo (ukuvulwa) 77℃, inqaku elidanyazayo 317℃, i-viscosity (25℃) I-1.528mpa-s, i-refractive index (n20D) 1.5584. Inyibilika kwi ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi eziphilayo. Inyibilika kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeekhompawundi eziphilayo. Inyibilika kancinane emanzini. Yi combuiqinile kwaye iya kutsha xa kuvela ilangatye elivulekileyo. Umphunga kunye nomoya uya kwenza umxube oqhumayo kunye nomda oqhumayo we-1.2% ~ 7.0% (vol). Inetyhefu kakhulu, kwaye igesi yeaniline eyityhefu ikhutshwa kukubola kwamandla obushushu aphezulu. Inokuthi ifakwe esikhumbeni kwaye ibangele ubuthi, i-LD501410mg / kg, i-concentration ephezulu evumelekileyo emoyeni yi-5mg / m3.

Indlela yokugcina

1.ImiQathango yokuGcina[25] Gcina kwindawo yokugcina epholileyo, nengena umoya. Zigcine kude nomlilo kunye nemithombo yobushushu. Gcina isitya sivaliwe. Kufuneka igcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwi-asidi, i-halogens, kunye neekhemikhali ezidliwayo, kwaye ingaxutywanga. Ukuxhotyiswa ngeentlobo ezihambelanayo kunye nobuninzi bezixhobo zokucima umlilo. Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo lokuvuza kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela.

2. Yamkela igubu lentsimbi elitywiniweyo elipakishiweyo, i-180kg ngegubu ngalinye, kwaye uligcine kwindawo epholileyo nengena umoya. Gcina kwaye uhambise ngokwemigaqo yezinto ezinokutsha kunye netyhefu.

indlela yokuhlanganisa

1. Ifunyenwe ngokusabela phakathi kwe-aniline kunye ne-methanol phambi kwe-sulfuric acid kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ukuhamba kwenkqubo:1. I-790kg ye-aniline, i-625kg ye-methanol, i-85kg ye-sulfuric acid (i-ammonium 100%) yongezwa kwi-kettle yokusabela, ubushushu bokulawula 210-215℃, uxinzelelo lwe-3.1MPa, lusabela kwi-4h, emva koko lukhulule uxinzelelo, izinto eziphathekayo zikhutshwe kwi-separator, zingathathi hlangothi nge-30% ye-sodium hydroxide, i-static, kunye ne-quaternary ammonium ityuwa ephantsi iyahlukana. Emva koko nge-160℃, 0.7-I-0.9MPa i-hydrolysis reaction ye-3h, iimveliso ze-hydrolysis kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wezinto ezinamafutha ezidityaniswe ngokuhlamba emva kwe-vacuum distillation yemveliso egqityiweyo.

2. Ukusebenzisa i-methanol kunye ne-aniline njengezinto eziluhlaza, zenziwe nge-alumina catalyst phantsi kwemeko ye-200-250.℃kunye ne-methanol egqithisileyo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric. I-quota yokusetyenziswa kwezinto ekrwada: i-aniline 790kg/t, i-methanol 625kg/t, i-asidi yesulfuric 85kg/t. Amalungiselelo aselebhu anokusabela i-aniline nge-trimethyl phosphate.

3. ianiline kunye nemethanol exutyiweyo (n aniline: n methanol≈1:3), kunye nempompo yokulinganisa i-non-pulse metering ephindwe nge-0.5h-1 yesantya somoya kwi-reactor exhotyiswe nge-catalyst, ukuphuma kwe-reaction kuqala kwi-glass ye-gas-liquid separator, i-s.i-eparator phantsi kolwelo oluqokelelwe ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo asuswe kuhlalutyo lwechromatographic.

Kwi-2001, iYunivesithi yaseNankai kunye ne-Tianjin Ruikai Technology Development Co., Ltd. ngokudibeneyo baphuhlise i-aniline methylation catalyst esebenzayo kakhulu, kwaye baqaphela i-gas-phase synthesis ye-N, N-dimethyl aniline. Inkqubo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: I-aniline yolwelo ixutywe kunye ne-methanol, i-vaporized tower to vaporization, ize ingene kwi-reactor ye-tubular enesantya somoya se-0.5-1.0h-1 (ibhedi esisigxina ye-reactor tubular ixhotyiswe nge-nano elayishiwe. -i-catalyst eqinile), kwaye iveliswa ngokuqhubekayo kwi-250-300℃under uxinzelelo lwasemoyeni, kunye nesivuno DMA phezu 96%.

Indlela yokucoca: Ihlala iqulethe ukungcola okufana ne-aniline kunye ne-N-methyl aniline. I-N, i-N-dimethylaniline ichithwa kwi-40% ye-asidi ye-sulfuric kwaye idilizwe ngumphunga wamanzi. I-sodium hydroxide yongezwa ukuyenza i-alkaline. Idistillation iqhutyelwe ngomphunga wamanzi. I-distillate iyahlukana ibe ngamanqanaba amanzi kwaye yomiswe nge-potassium hydroxide. Uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-distillation lwenziwa phambi kwe-acetic anhydride. I-distillate ihlanjwe ngamanzi ukuze isuse i-acetic anhydride, yomiswe nge-potassium hydroxide, ilandelwa yi-barium oxide, kwaye ihlanjwe phantsi koxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo phambi komlambo we-nitrogen. Ezinye iindlela zokucoca i-distillate ziquka ukongeza i-10% ye-acetic anhydride kunye ne-refluxing kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukususa ii-amine eziphambili kunye nesekondari. Emva kokupholisa, ukugqithisa kwe-20% ye-hydrochloric acid yongezwa kwaye ikhutshwe nge-ether. I-hydrochloric acid layer i-alkaline kunye ne-alkali kwaye ikhutshwe nge-ether, kwaye i-ether layer yomiswa nge-potassium hydroxide kwaye idilizwe phantsi koxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo phantsi komlambo we-nitrogen. I-N, i-N-dimethylaniline ingaphinda iguqulwe ibe yi-picric acid salts, iphinde ihlaziywe kwindawo yokunyibilika rhoqo kwaye idibaniswe nesisombululo esifudumeleyo se-10% se-sodium hydroxide. Emva koko ikhutshwe nge-ether, ihlanjwe kwaye yomiswe, kwaye ikhutshwe phantsi koxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo.

5. I-Aniline, i-methanol kunye ne-asidi ye-sulfuric exutywe ngokulinganayo, ukuphendulwa kwe-condensation kwi-autoclave, iimveliso zokusabela ngokubuyiswa koxinzelelo lwe-methanol, yongeza i-alkali neutralization, ukuhlukana kunye nokuchithwa kwe-distillation ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo lokufumana imveliso.

6. I-N, i-N-dimethylaniline inokuveliswa ngokuphendula kwe-methylation ye-aniline kunye ne-trimethyl phosphate, kwaye ikhutshwe nge-ether, yomisiwe kwaye idilizwe.

7. I-N, i-N-dimethylaniline inokudityaniswa kwi-catalytic bed ye-Ziegler catalyst kwi-copper-manganese system okanye i-copper-zinc-chromium system kwi-280.℃kunye nomxube we-aniline kunye ne-methanol kumlinganiselo we-1: 3.5. I-N, N-dimethylaniline efunyenweyo yaqokelelwa kwi-193-195℃kwisixhobo se-54-tab ye-distillation kwaye ifakwe kwiibhotile zeglasi ezimdaka. Ukulungiselela i-N,N-dimethylaniline esulungekileyo, i-N,N-dimethylaniline inokutofwa ngegesi yenitrogen njengerhasi yokuthwala kwigesi yokulungisa ichromatographI-ch inekholamu ye-phosphate yesinyithi.

Esona sicelo siphambili

1. Yenye yezinto ezisisiseko zokuveliswa kwedayi esekelwe kwityuwa (i-triphenylmethane dyestuff, njl.) kunye ne-alkali dyestuff. 2. Isetyenziswe njenge-solvent, i-metal preservative, i-agent yokunyanga i-epoxy resin, i-accelerant yokunyanga i-polyester resin, i-co-catalyst ye-polymerization ye-ethylene compounds, njl. 3. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kweedayi ze-alkaline triphenylmethane, i-azo dyes kunye ne-vanillin, njl. Ikwasetyenziswa njenge-catalyst ekwenzeni i-polyurethane foam kwaye njengesixhobo ekrwada sokukhuthaza irabha vulcanization, iziqhushumbisi kunye neyeza. I-N, N-Dimethylaniline isetyenziswa kwishishini lamachiza ukuvelisa i-cephalosporin V, i-sulfamethoxine N-methoxypyrimidine, i-sulfamethoxine o-dimethoxypyrimidine, i-fluorosporine, njl. Ikwasetyenziswa kwishishini le-perfume ukuvelisa i-vanillin. 4. Isetyenziswe njenge-accelerator yokuphilisa i-epoxy resin, i-polyester resin kunye neglue ye-anaerobic, ukwenzela ukuba iglue ye-anaerobic iqinise ngokukhawuleza. Inokusetyenziswa kwakhona njenge-solvent, i-co-catalyst ye-polymerization ye-ethylene compounds, i-metal preservative, i-absorber ye-ultraviolet ye-cosmetics, i-photosensitizer, njl. ukusasaza iidayi, iidayi ze-asidi, iidayi ezinyibilikayo kwioli kunye neziqholo (vanillin), njl. isetyenziswe njenge-reagent yokumisela i-photometric ye-nitrite. Ikwasetyenziswa njengesinyibilikisi, kwaye isetyenziswe kwi-organic synthesis.6. Isetyenziswa njengedayi intermediates, izinyibilikisi, ukuzinzisa, reagents analytical. [26]