Ikwaziwa nangokuthi yi-dimethyl tiphenylamine, ulwelo olunamafutha olungenambala ukuya koluphuzi olukhanyayo, olunevumba elimnandi, kulula ukulixuba emoyeni okanye phantsi kwelanga kwaye lusebenzisa i-ze darked. Uxinano oluhambelanayo (20)℃/ 4℃) 0.9555, indawo yokuqandisa 2.0℃, iqondo lokubila 193℃, indawo yokukhanya (ukuvula) 77℃, inqaku elikhanyayo 317℃, ukuxinana (25℃) 1.528mpa-s, isalathisi sokuchasana (n20D) 1.5584. Inyibilika kwi-ethanol, i-ether, i-chloroform, i-benzene kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi zendalo. Inyibilika kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeekhompawundi zendalo. Inyibilika kancinci emanzini. I-combuiyatsha xa ilangatye livuliwe. Umphunga nomoya ziya kwenza umxube oqhumayo onomlinganiselo oqhumayo we-1.2% ~ 7.0% (vol). Iyingozi kakhulu, kwaye igesi ye-aniline enobuthi ikhutshwa kukubola kwamandla obushushu aphezulu. Ingafunxwa ngesikhumba kwaye ibangele ubuthi, LD501410mg/kg, uxinaniso oluphezulu oluvumelekileyo emoyeni yi-5mg/m3.

Indlela yokugcina

1. Amanyathelo Okugcina Izinto [25] Gcina kwindawo yokugcina izinto epholileyo, enomoya ococekileyo. Gcina kude nomlilo kunye nemithombo yobushushu. Gcina isitya sivaliwe. Sifanele sigcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwi-asidi, ii-halogens, kunye neekhemikhali ezityiwayo, kwaye singaze sixutywe. Sixhotyiswe ngeentlobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nobungakanani bezixhobo zokulwa nomlilo. Indawo yokugcina izinto kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo zokuvuza kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela.

2. Sebenzisa i-iron drum sealed packing, 180kg nge-drum nganye, uze uyigcine kwindawo epholileyo nengena umoya. Gcina kwaye uyithuthe ngokwemigaqo yezinto ezinokutsha nezinobungozi.

indlela yokwenziwa

1. Ifunyanwa ngokuphendula phakathi kwe-aniline kunye ne-methanol xa kukho i-sulfuric acid kubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ukuhamba kwenkqubo: 1. I-790kg ye-aniline, i-625kg ye-methanol, i-85kg ye-sulfuric acid (i-ammonium 100%) yongezwa kwi-kettle yokusabela, ubushushu bolawulo buyi-210-215℃, uxinzelelo lwe-3.1MPa, sabela iiyure ezi-4, emva koko ukhulule uxinzelelo, izinto zikhutshelwa kwisihluzi, zisuswe yi-30% ye-sodium hydroxide, i-static, kwaye ityuwa ye-quaternary ammonium esezantsi iyahlulwa. Emva koko kwi-160℃, 0.7-I-0.9MPa hydrolysis reaction kangangeeyure ezi-3, iimveliso ze-hydrolysis kunye nomaleko ongaphezulu wezinto ezinamafutha zidibene ngokuhlamba emva kokucocwa nge-vacuum kwemveliso egqityiweyo.

2. Ukusebenzisa i-methanol kunye ne-aniline njengezinto eziluhlaza, yenziwa yi-alumina catalyst phantsi kwemeko ye-200-250℃ene-methanol engaphezulu kunye noxinzelelo lomoya. Isabelo sokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikrwada: i-aniline 790kg/t, i-methanol 625kg/t, i-sulfuric acid 85kg/tUlungiselelo lwelebhu lunokuphendula i-aniline kunye ne-trimethyl phosphate.

3. i-aniline kunye ne-methanol ezixutyiweyo (i-aniline: n methanol≈1:3), kwaye ngepompo yokulinganisa engajikeleziyo efakwa kwisantya somoya se-0.5h-1 kwi-reactor exhotyiswe nge-catalyst, i-reaction iphuma kuqala iye kwi-glass gas-liquid separator, i-si-eparator phantsi kolwelo oluqokelelwe ngamaxesha athile isusiwe ukuze kuhlalutywe i-chromatographic.

Ngowama-2001, iYunivesithi yaseNankai kunye neTianjin Ruikai Technology Development Co., Ltd. badibanisene baphuhlise i-aniline methylation catalyst esebenza kakuhle kakhulu, baza bafumanisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-N,N-dimethyl aniline kwi-gas-phase. Le nkqubo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: I-aniline engamanzi ixutywa ne-methanol, ifuthwe kwi-vaporization tower, ize ingeniswe kwi-tubular reactor enesantya somoya esingu-0.5-1.0h-1 (ibhedi ezinzileyo ye-tubular reactor ixhotyiswe nge-nano-solid catalyst elayishiweyo), kwaye iveliswa rhoqo kwi-250-300.℃ngaphantsiuxinzelelo lomoya, nge-DMA ephumayo engaphezulu kwama-96%.

Indlela yokucoca: Idla ngokuqulatha ukungcola okufana ne-aniline kunye ne-N-methyl aniline. I-N,N-dimethylaniline inyibilikiswa kwi-40% ye-sulfuric acid kwaye inyibilikiswe ngumphunga wamanzi. I-sodium hydroxide yongezwa ukuze ibe yi-alkaline. I-distillation iyaqhubeka nomphunga wamanzi. I-distillate yahlulwe ibe ziingqimba zamanzi kwaye yomiswe nge-potassium hydroxide. I-distillation yoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo yenziwa xa kukho i-acetic anhydride. I-distillate ihlanjwa ngamanzi ukususa imikhondo ye-acetic anhydride, yomiswe nge-potassium hydroxide, ilandelwe yi-barium oxide, kwaye inyibilikiswe phantsi koxinzelelo oluphantsi xa kukho umsinga we-nitrogen. Ezinye iindlela zokucoca i-distillate ziquka ukongeza i-10% ye-acetic anhydride kunye ne-refluxing iiyure ezimbalwa ukususa i-amines eziphambili nezesibini. Emva kokupholisa, kongezwa i-20% ye-hydrochloric acid engaphezulu kwaye ikhutshwe nge-ether. Umaleko we-hydrochloric acid yi-alkaline ene-alkaline kwaye emva koko ikhutshwe nge-ether, kwaye umaleko we-ether uyomiswa nge-potassium hydroxide kwaye inyibilikiswe phantsi koxinzelelo oluphantsi phantsi komsinga we-nitrogen. I-N,N-dimethylaniline inokuguqulwa ibe ziityuwa ze-picric acid, iphinde iphindwe ibe yindawo yokunyibilika engaguqukiyo ize iboliswe ngesisombululo samanzi esifudumeleyo se-10% se-sodium hydroxide. Emva koko ikhutshwa nge-ether, ihlanjwe ize yomiswe, ize inyibilikiswe phantsi koxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo.

5. I-Aniline, i-methanol kunye ne-sulfuric acid zixutywe ngokulinganisela, impendulo yokufuma kwi-autoclave, iimveliso zempendulo zibuyiselwa yi-methanol yokunciphisa uxinzelelo, yongeza i-alkali neutralization, ukwahlukana kunye ne-distillation ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo ukuze ufumane imveliso.

6. I-N,N-dimethylaniline inokwenziwa yimpendulo ye-methylation ye-aniline kunye ne-trimethyl phosphate, ize emva koko ikhutshwe yi-ether, yomiswe kwaye inyibilikiswe.

7. I-N,N-dimethylaniline inokwenziwa kwi-catalytic bed ye-Ziegler catalyst kwinkqubo ye-copper-manganese okanye inkqubo ye-copper-zinc-chromium kwi-280℃ngomxube we-aniline kunye ne-methanol kumlinganiselo we-1:3.5. I-N,N-dimethylaniline efunyenweyo iqokelelwe kwi-193-195℃kwisixhobo sokunyibilikisa iikholamu ezingama-54 kwaye sipakishwe kwiibhotile zeglasi ezimdaka. Ukulungiselela i-N,N-dimethylaniline ecocekileyo, i-N,N-dimethylaniline ingafakwa ngegesi ye-nitrogen njengegesi yokuthwala kwi-chromatograph yegesi yokulungiselelau-ch unekholamu ye-phosphate yesinyithi.

Isicelo esiphambili

1. Yenye yezona zinto zisisiseko zokwenza idayi esekwe kwityuwa (idayi ye-triphenylmethane, njl.njl.) kunye nedayi ye-alkali. 2. Isetyenziswa njengesinyibilikisi, isigcini sesinyithi, iarhente yokupholisa i-epoxy resin, i-curing accelerant ye-polyester resin, i-co-catalyst yokwenza i-polymerization yeekhompawundi ze-ethylene, njl. Ikwasetyenziswa ekulungiseleleni iidayi ze-alkaline triphenylmethane, iidayi ze-azo kunye ne-vanillin, njl. 3. Ikwasetyenziswa ekulungiseleleni iidayi ze-alkaline triphenylmethane, iidayi ze-azo kunye ne-vanillin, njl. 3. Isetyenziswa njenge-catalyst ekwenzeni i-polyurethane foam ngokubambisana neekhompawundi ze-organotin. Ikwasetyenziswa njenge-catalyst ekwenzeni i-polyurethane foam kwaye njengezinto eziluhlaza zokukhuthaza i-rubber vulcanization, iziqhushumbisi kunye namayeza. I-N,N-Dimethylaniline isetyenziswa kwishishini lamayeza ukuvelisa i-cephalosporin V, i-sulfamethoxine I-N-methoxypyrimidine, i-sulfamethoxine o-dimethoxypyrimidine, i-fluorosporine, njl. Ikwasetyenziswa kwishishini leziqholo ukuvelisa i-vanillin. 4. Isetyenziswa njenge-accelerator yokupholisa i-epoxy resin, i-polyester resin kunye ne-anaerobic glue, ukuze i-anaerobic glue iqine ngokukhawuleza. Ingasetyenziswa njenge-solvent, i-co-catalyst yokwenza i-polymerization yee-ethylene compounds, i-metal preservative, i-ultraviolet absorber yezinto zokuthambisa, i-photosensitizer, njl. Ingasetyenziswa njenge-catalyst yokwenza ii-alkaline dyes, ii-dispersion dyes, ii-asidi dyes, ii-oil-soluble dyes kunye neziqholo (vanillin), njl. Ikwasetyenziswa njengezinto eziluhlaza zokwenza ii-alkaline dyes, ii-dispersion dyes, ii-asidi dyes, ii-oil-soluble dyes kunye neziqholo (vanillin), njl. Isetyenziswa njenge-reagent yokumisela i-photometric ye-nitrite. Ikwasetyenziswa njengesinyibilikisi, kwaye isetyenziswa kwi-organic synthesis.6. Isetyenziswa njenge-dye intermediates, izinyibilikisi, iziqinisi, kunye nee-analytical reagents. [26]