Iidayi ziikhompawundi zendalo ezinombala onokudaya imicu okanye ezinye izinto zibe ngumbala othile. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuprinteni imisonto kunye namalaphu, ukudaya ulusu, ukudaya iphepha, izongezo zokutya kunye neendawo zokufaka imibala zeplastiki. Ngokweempawu zazo kunye neendlela zokusetyenziswa, iidayi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziidayi ezisasazekileyo, iidayi ezisabelayo, iidayi zesulfide, iidayi zeVAT, iidayi zeasidi, iidayi ezithe ngqo kunye nezinye iindidi.
Imarike enkulu kwimbali inxulumene kakhulu nexabiso ledayi, kwaye ixabiso ledayi lidla ngokunyuka lize liwe ngokwexabiso lezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokuhambelana kokubonelela kunye nemfuno, kwaye isizini ye-peak ibuthathaka kakhulu.

Ishishini eliphambili lemveliso yedayi yishishini le-petrochemical, icandelo leekhemikhali ezisisiseko kunye necandelo leekhemikhali zamalahle. Izinto eziphambili zedayi yi-benzene, i-naphthalene, i-anthracene, ii-heterocycles kunye ne-inorganic acid kunye ne-alkali kunye nezinye iimveliso zeekhemikhali. Ishishini elisezantsi lishishini lokuprinta nokudaya kwishishini lempahla yelaphu.

Iidayi eziphakathi zinokwahlulwa zibe luchungechunge lwe-benzene, uthotho lwe-naphthalene kunye nothotho lwe-anthracene ngokwesakhiwo sazo, apho kusetyenziswa kakhulu iidayi eziphakathi ze-benzene. Phakathi kweedayi eziphakathi ze-benzene, i-m-phenylenediamine kunye ne-reductants zezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokwenziwa kweedayi ezisasazekileyo, kwaye i-para-ester zezona zinto ziphambili kwiidayi ezisabelayo. Phakathi kwazo, i-m-phenylenediamine inokwenziwa ngakumbi ibe yi-m-phenylenediamine (esetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-binder yokufakwa kwentambo yesondo) kunye ne-m-aminophenol (idayi evakalelwa bubushushu/uxinzelelo).

ii-intermediates). Ii-intermediates zeNaphthalene, kuquka ii-H acids, zezona zinto ziphambili zokwenza iidayi ezisabelayo, ezibalelwa kwi-30-50% yexabiso lilonke. Ukongeza, ii-intermediates zokwenza iidayi ze-anthraquinone ikakhulu yi-1-amino-anthraquinone, eyinxalenye yenkqubo ye-anthraquinone.

Uhlalutyo lukaPorter lwemikhosi emihlanu kushishino lwedayi 1. Amandla okuxoxisana abathengisi abaphezulu abuthathaka. Ababoneleli abaphezulu kushishino lwedayi yibenzene, i-naphthalene kunye nabanye ababoneleli bepetroleum kunye neekhemikhali. Imfuno yeshishini ledayi yepetroleum kunye neekhemikhali zepetroli phantse incinci xa ithelekiswa namanye amashishini. Ke ngoko, ishishini ledayi lifumana ixabiso lemveliso yepetroleum kunye neekhemikhali zepetroli.

2. Amandla amakhulu okuxoxisana kubathengi abangaphantsi komlambo. Abathengi abangaphantsi komlambo ikakhulu ngamashishini okuprinta nokudaya. Amandla amakhulu okuxoxisana kumashishini okuprinta nokudaya kubathengi abangaphantsi komlambo kungenxa yezizathu ezibini. Okokuqala, ukugxila kumashishini okuprinta nokudaya kuphantsi kakhulu. Okwesibini, kwiindleko zokuprinta nokudaya iidayi kubalwe njengexabiso elincinci, amashishini okuprinta nokudaya amaxabiso anyuka lula ukuwamkela.

3. Bambalwa abantu abanokuba ngabasebenzi kweli shishini. Ngenxa yetekhnoloji yelungelo lomenzi, izinto eziphambili kunye nezinto zokukhusela okusingqongileyo, ishishini ledayi linemiqobo ephezulu, kwaye ukwanda kwamandla emveliso kuthintelwe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amandla amancinci emveliso abuyele umva asusiwe ngelixa bambalwa abantu abatsha abangeneyo. Ke ngoko, ipateni yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwishishini ledayi kwixesha elizayo iya kukwazi ukuqhubeka.

4. Izinto ezitshintshayo azinabungozi kangako. Iinkampani ezinkulu zedayi zamanye amazwe ezibeka iimveliso eziphezulu okanye iidayi ezikhethekileyo azinabungozi kushishino lwedayi lwasekhaya. Ukongeza, xa zichaphazeleka ziirhafu kunye nemithwalo, amaxabiso okungenisa aphezulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, izinto ezitshintshayo zedayi azinabungozi kangako.

5. Inqanaba eliphakathi lokhuphiswano kushishino. Emva kokuhlanganiswa okukhulu koshishino ukususela ngo-2009 ukuya ku-2010, inani lamashishini liye lehla laya kutsho kuma-300. Ngokuqhubeka kokuphuculwa kwecandelo lokubonelela ngempahla, izinga loxinzelelo kushishino lwedayi liye laphucuka kakhulu. Umthamo wemveliso yedayi yokusasazwa kwasekhaya ugxile kakhulu kwiZhejiang Longsheng, Leap Soil Stock kunye neJihua Group, i-CR3 imalunga ne-70%, umthamo wemveliso yedayi esebenzayo uphezulu kwiZhejiang Longsheng, Leap soil Stock, Hubei Chuyuan, Taixing Caragian kunye ne-Anoki five enterprises, i-CR3 iphantse ibe yi-50%.
Ukubeka esweni kubonisa ukuba ukungenisa imakethi yeempahla ezingaphandle kwexesha elide kunyuse ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso leedayi ezisasazekileyo. Amaxabiso edayi emnyama esasazekileyo e-ECT angama-300% anyuke ngama-36% kwiinyanga ezimbini ezidlulileyo.

Ngokuphathelele imfuno, ngenxa yempembelelo yobhubhane, amashishini amaninzi amakhulu eempahla zelaphu ajolise ekuthumeleni impahla kwamanye amazwe eIndiya adlulisele ii-odolo ezininzi kwimveliso yasekhaya kwiinyanga zakutshanje ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okuqhelekileyo ngenxa yobhubhane. Ukongeza, "i-Double 11" isondela, amashishini e-e-commerce aodolwa kwangaphambili, isitokhwe sisitshixo sokuphumelela imakethi. Ukongeza "kubusika obubandayo" obulindelweyo kulo nyaka, eli shishini lithe amashishini eempahla zelaphu axakeke kakhulu ngoku. Imfuno yeedayi ezisezantsi nayo inyukile kakhulu ngenxa yoko.

Ngokuphathelele ukubonelela, imeko enzima yokhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo eTshayina inokuqhubeka ixesha elide kwixesha elizayo ngenxa yongcoliseko olukhulu olubangelwa kukuveliswa kweedayi kunye nezinto eziphakathi, kwaye ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo amandla emveliso angaphantsi komgangatho kunye namandla emveliso angasebenzi kakuhle aya kupheliswa kancinci kancinci. I-Guoxin Securities ithe amashishini amancinci avelisa idayi esasazekileyo anemveliso encinci, imeko yangoku ilungele uphuhliso lwamashishini akhokela idayi.