Emva kweminyaka ephantse ibe likhulu yophuhliso, ishishini leekhemikhali laseTshayina libe lilizwe elikhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi, umjikelo wezoshishino kuneYurophu, i-United States neJapan kunye noMzantsi Korea umjikelo weshishini leekhemikhali ufinyezwe kakhulu, nto leyo eYurophu nase-United States nakwamanye amazwe afuna amashumi eminyaka ukufikelela kwinqanaba lomlinganiselo, ishishini leekhemikhali laseTshayina lifikelele esiphelweni seminyaka embalwa. Umahluko kukuba emva kwenqanaba elikhulu leshishini leekhemikhali eYurophu nase-United States, inani leemveliso zeekhemikhali ezintle ezixhaswa bubuchwephesha obuphezulu linyuke kakhulu, ngelixa eTshayina, ngenxa yophuhliso oluncinci lwetekhnoloji, umthamo wemarike weekhemikhali ezintle ukhule kancinci.

Ukholelwa ukuba kwiminyaka emi-5-10 ezayo, inkqubo enkulu yoshishino lweekhemikhali lwaseTshayina iya kuphela, kwaye inkqubo yophuhliso oluhle iya kukhawulezisa. Okwangoku, kukho amaziko amaninzi ophando lwasekhaya, ingakumbi lawo anxulumene namashishini aphambili, andisa utyalo-mali kuphando nophuhliso lweekhemikhali ezintle.

Kwindlela yophuhliso lweekhemikhali ezintle zaseTshayina, uPingtou Brother ushwankathele la manqaku alandelayo, okokuqala, ukusetyenziswa kweehydrocarbons ezinekhabhoni ephantsi njengezinto eziluhlaza zophando oluphambili lwendlela yokucubungula, ezantsi kugxilwe kwi-intermediates zamayeza, i-intermediates ze-pesticide kunye nezinye iindawo. Okwesibini, kukusetyenziswa okunzulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kweehydrocarbons ze-polycarbon, ezantsi kwizixhobo zeekhemikhali ezintle eziphezulu, izixhobo ezincedisayo kunye nezinye iindawo; Okwesithathu, kukwahlulwa kunye nokucocwa kwezinto eziluhlaza ze-hydrocarbon ezinekhabhoni ephezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa okunzulu, ezantsi kwimihlaba ye-surfactants kunye ne-plasticizers.

Ngokwembono yeendleko, ukwandiswa kweshishini leekhemikhali ezicociweyo zezinto ezikrwada ezinekhabhoni ephantsi yeyona ndlela iphantsi kakhulu yokuvelisa nophando okwangoku. Okwangoku, amaziko ophando lwezenzululwazi amaninzi eTshayina ayandisa ngenkuthalo uphando lwee-hydrocarbons ezinekhabhoni ephantsi kwiikhemikhali ezicociweyo. Iimveliso ezimeleyo lulwandiso lwekhemikhali olucociweyo lwekhonkco leshishini le-isobutylene kunye nolwandiso lwekhemikhali olucociweyo lwekhonkco leshishini le-aniline.

Ngokophando lokuqala, uthotho lweekhemikhali ezicolekileyo ezingaphezu kwama-50 kumjelo osezantsi we-isobutylene ecocekileyo kakhulu lwandisiwe, kwaye uthotho lweemveliso ezicolekileyo zemveliso ezisezantsi lunezinga eliphezulu lokucocwa. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-60 zeekhemikhali ezicolekileyo kumjelo osezantsi we-aniline, kunye nemiyalelo emininzi yokusetyenziswa komjelo osezantsi.

Okwangoku, i-aniline iveliswa kakhulu yi-catalytic hydrogenation ye-nitrobenzene, eveliswa yi-hydrogenation ye-nitric acid, i-hydrogen kunye ne-benzene ecocekileyo njengezinto eziluhlaza. Isetyenziswa ngezantsi kwi-MDI, kwi-auxiliary zerabha, kwiidayi nakwi-pharmaceutical intermediates, kwi-petroli additives nakwezinye iindawo. I-benzene ecocekileyo kwi-refinery kunye ne-chemical production amashishini ayinakuxutywa neemveliso zeoyile, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukwandiswa nokusetyenziswa kwe-downstream industrial chain ye-purre benzene, kwaye iye yaba yeyona nto iphambili kushishino lophando nophuhliso lweekhemikhali.

Ngokwemizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo esetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezisezantsi ze-aniline, ingahlulwahlulwa ibe ngamashishini alandelayo: Okokuqala, ukusetyenziswa kwicandelo le-accelerators yerabha kunye ne-antioxidants kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube ziimveliso ezintlanu, ezizezi: i-p-amino-diphenylamine, i-hydroquinone, i-diphenylamine, i-cyclohexylamine kunye ne-dicyclohexylamine. Uninzi lwezi mveliso ze-aniline zisetyenziswa kwicandelo le-antioxidants yerabha, ezifana ne-p-amino-diphenylamine inokuvelisa ii-antioxidants 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D njalo njalo.

Kwicandelo lokukhawulezisa irabha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-antioxidant, i-aniline esezantsi kwicandelo lerabha yindlela ebalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa, ebalelwa malunga ne-11% yenaniline iyonke esezantsi, iimveliso eziphambili ezimeleyo yi-p-amino-diphenylamine kunye ne-hydroquinone.

Phakathi kwee-diazo compounds, kusetyenziswa i-aniline kunye ne-nitrate kunye nezinye iimveliso, iimveliso ezinokuveliswa yi-p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, i-p-hydroxyaniline, i-p-hydroxyabenzene, i-phenylhydrazine, i-fluorobenzene njalo njalo. Ezi mveliso zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo zeedayi, amayeza kunye ne-pesticide intermediates. Iimveliso ezimeleyo zezi: i-p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, eyidayi ye-azo eyenziweyo, idayi yepayipi, idayi esasazekayo, kwaye ikwasetyenziswa ekwenzeni iipeyinti kunye neepigments kwaye njengesalathisi. I-P-hydroxyaniline isetyenziswa ekuveliseni i-sulfur blue FBG, i-weak acid bright yellow 5G kunye nezinye iidayi, ukwenziwa kwe-paracetamol, i-antamine kunye nezinye iziyobisi, kodwa ikwasetyenziswa ekuveliseni abaphuhlisi, ii-antioxidants njalo njalo.

Ngokophando, okwangoku, iikhompawundi ze-aniline ezisetyenziswa kushishino lwedayi lwaseTshayina ikakhulu yi-p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride kunye ne-p-hydroxyaniline, ezimalunga ne-1% yokusetyenziswa kwe-aniline ngezantsi, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kwindlela yokusebenzisa iikhompawundi ze-nitrogen ngezantsi kwe-aniline, kwaye ikwayindlela ebalulekileyo yophando lwetekhnoloji yangoku.

Esinye isicelo esibalulekileyo se-aniline kukwenziwa kwe-aniline ibe yi-halogenation, njengokuveliswa kwe-p-iodoaniline, i-o-chloroaniline, i-2.4.6-trichloroaniline, i-n-acetoacetanilide, i-n-formylaniline, i-phenylurea, i-bisphenylurea, i-phenylthiourea kunye nezinye iimveliso. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu leemveliso ze-aniline halogenation, kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho phantse iintlobo ezingama-20, eziye zaba yindlela ebalulekileyo yokwandiswa kwekhonkco le-aniline kwishishini leekhemikhali elincinci.

Iimveliso ezisezantsi ezisebenzisa i-aniline halogenation, ezifana ne-o-chloraniline, zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-sulfur blue FBG, idayi ye-5G etyheli ekhanyayo ye-acid ebuthathaka, ukwenziwa kwe-paracetamol, i-antamine kunye nezinye iziyobisi, kodwa kwanokuveliswa kwabaphuhlisi, ii-antioxidants njalo njalo. I-Diphenyl thiourea isetyenziswa ekuveliseni ii-accelerators ze-vulcanization, ii-capsules ze-vulcanization, amathayi amanzi, ucingo kunye nentambo, kunye ne-medicine kunye ne-dye intermediates. I-N-acetoacetanilide isetyenziswa ekuveliseni i-sulfonamides, ii-analgesics, i-antipyretic ice kunye ne-preservatives, kunye ne-rubber vulcanization accelerator.

Ngokwengxelo engaphelelanga, inani leemveliso zeekhemikhali ze-aniline ezifakwe kwi-aniline ezisezantsi zimalunga ne-40% yenani leekhemikhali ze-aniline ezisezantsi, kodwa ezi mveliso zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo eziphezulu, kwaye isikali siphela asisikhulu. Ngophuhliso olunamandla lwecandelo lezemithi, uphando lobuchwephesha lwe-aniline halogenation lukwaye lwaba yindlela ebalulekileyo yophuhliso lophando nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yaseTshayina.

Enye impendulo ebalulekileyo ye-aniline kukunciphisa i-reaction, efana ne-aniline kunye ne-hydrogen ukuvelisa i-cyclohexane, i-aniline kunye ne-concentrated sulfuric acid kunye ne-soda ash ukuvelisa i-dicyclohexane, i-aniline kunye ne-sulfuric acid kunye ne-sulfur trioxide ukuvelisa i-p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. Olu hlobo lwe-reaction lufuna inani elikhulu lezinto ezincedisayo, kwaye inani leemveliso ezisezantsi alikho likhulu, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho malunga neemveliso ezintlanu. 

Phakathi kwazo, ezifana ne-p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, ukuvelisa iidayi ze-azo, njl.njl., ezisetyenziswa njenge-reference reagent, i-experimental reagent kunye ne-chromatographic analysis reagent, kwaye zingasetyenziswa njengesibulali-zinambuzane ukuthintela isifo se-wheat rust. I-Dicyclohexylamine, kukulungiswa kwezinto ezidibanisa idayi, kunye ne-pesticide textile wheat rust, kunye nokulungiswa kweziqholo.

Iimeko zokunciphisa impendulo ye-aniline zinzima kakhulu, kwaye okwangoku, iTshayina igxile kakhulu kwinqanaba lelebhu nakwinqanaba lemveliso elincinci, kwaye umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa umncinci kakhulu, okungengowona mkhombandlela uphambili wokwandiswa kochungechunge lweshishini leekhemikhali elincinci elisezantsi le-aniline.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-aniline njengezinto eziluhlaza zokwandiswa kwekhonkco leekhemikhali, kukho i-arylation reaction, i-alkylation reaction, i-oxidation kunye ne-nitrification reaction, i-cyclization reaction, i-aldehyde condensation reaction kunye ne-complex combination reaction. I-Aniline inokuthatha inxaxheba kwiimpendulo ezininzi zeekhemikhali, kwaye kukho izicelo ezininzi ezisezantsi. Siza kuqhubeka nokwenza uhlalutyo oluthile lwayo, nceda ulujonge phambili.