Emva kweminyaka ephantse ibe yikhulu yophuhliso, ishishini lemichiza laseTshayina libe lelona lizwe likhula ngokukhawuleza, umjikelo wemizi-mveliso kuneYurophu, iUnited States neJapan kunye noMzantsi Korea umjikelo wemichiza wemichiza ufinyelelwe kakhulu, nto leyo eYurophu naseUnited States nakwamanye amazwe. Kufuneka amashumi eminyaka ukufikelela kwinqanaba isikali, ishishini imichiza China kuphela iminyaka embalwa ifikelele esiphelweni. Umahluko kukuba emva kwenqanaba elikhulu loshishino lweekhemikhali eYurophu nase-United States, inani leemveliso zeekhemikhali ezintle ezixhaswa yi-high-tech liye landa kakhulu, ngelixa e-China, ngenxa yophuhliso oluncinci lwezobuchwepheshe, imarike. umthamo wonikezelo lweekhemikhali ezilungileyo ukhule ngokucothayo.

Ukholelwa ukuba kwiminyaka eyi-5-10 ezayo, inkqubo enkulu yoshishino lweekhemikhali yaseChina iya kuphelisa, kwaye inkqubo yophuhliso oluhle iya kukhawuleza. Okwangoku, maninzi amaziko ophando lwasekhaya, ngakumbi lawo anxulumene namashishini aphambili, anyusa utyalo-mali kuphando nophuhliso lweekhemikhali ezilungileyo.

Kuba ulwalathiso uphuhliso imichiza emihle China, Pingtou UMzalwana washwankathela la manqaku alandelayo, okokuqala, ukusetyenziswa kwekhabhoni hydrocarbons ephantsi njengezixhobo ekrwada yophando ulwalathiso processing olunzulu, ezantsi ugxile intermediates amayeza, intermediates zinambuzane kunye nezinye iinkalo. Okwesibini, ukucutshungulwa okunzulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-polycarbon hydrocarbons, umlambo osezantsi kwizinto eziphezulu zemichiza emihle, abancedisi kunye nezinye iindawo; Okwesithathu, ukwahlula kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwezinto eziluhlaza zekhabhoni ye-hydrocarbon ephezulu kunye nokucutshungulwa okunzulu kunye nokusetyenziswa, ezantsi kumacandelo e-surfactants kunye ne-plasticizers.

Ngokwembono yeendleko, ukwandiswa koshishino lweekhemikhali ezilungileyo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada enekhabhoni ephantsi yeyona ndlela iphantsi yokuvelisa kunye nophando ngoku. Okwangoku, inani lamaziko ophando lwezenzululwazi e-China ngenkuthalo bandisa uphando lweekhabhoni zekhabhoni ephantsi kwiikhemikhali ezilungileyo. Iimveliso ezimeleyo zikwandiswa kakuhle kweekhemikhali ze-isobutylene industry chain kunye nokwandiswa kweekhemikhali ezintle ze-aniline industry chain.

Ngokutsho kophando lokuqala, i-industrial chain chain ezingaphezu kwe-50 yeekhemikhali ezintle kwi-low-stream ye-isobutylene ecocekileyo iye yandiswa, kwaye i-industrial chain chain yemveliso ephantsi inezinga eliphezulu lokuphucula. Kukho ngaphezu kweentlobo ezingama-60 zeekhemikhali ezilungileyo ezantsi kumjelo wolwandiso lwekhonkco loshishino lweaniline, kunye nezalathiso ezininzi zesicelo esisezantsi.

Okwangoku, i-aniline iveliswa ikakhulu yi-catalytic hydrogenation ye-nitrobenzene, eyimveliso ye-hydrogenation ye-nitric acid, i-hydrogen kunye ne-benzene ecocekileyo njengemathiriyeli ekrwada. Isetyenziswe ezantsi kwe-MDI, ii-rubber ezincedisayo, iidayi kunye ne-pharmaceutical intermediates, izongezo zepetroli kunye nezinye iindawo. I-benzene ecocekileyo kumashishini okucoca kunye nemveliso yeekhemikhali ayinakudityaniswa neemveliso ze-oyile, ezikhuthaza ukwandiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwekhonkco lemveliso esezantsi ye-benzene ecocekileyo, kwaye iye yaba yingqwalasela yophando lweekhemikhali kunye nophuhliso loshishino.

Ngokwamashishini ahlukeneyo asetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezisezantsi ze-aniline, inokwahlulwa ngokufanelekileyo kumashishini alandelayo: Okokuqala, ukusetyenziswa kwintsimi ye-raber accelerators kunye ne-antioxidants inokwahlulwa ngokufanelekileyo kwiimveliso ezintlanu, eziyi-p-amino-diphenylamine. , i-hydroquinone, i-diphenylamine, i-cyclohexylamine kunye ne-dicyclohexylamine. Uninzi lwezi mveliso ze-aniline zisetyenziselwa kwintsimi ye-rubber antioxidants, njenge-p-amino-diphenylamine inokuvelisa i-antioxidants 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D njalo njalo.

Kwintsimi ye-rubber accelerator kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-antioxidant, i-aniline ezantsi kwintsimi ye-rubber yindlela ebalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa, ibalwa malunga ne-11% yokusetyenziswa kwe-downstream ye-aniline, iimveliso zommeli eziphambili ziyi-p-amino-diphenylamine kunye ne-hydroquinone.

Phakathi kwe-diazo compounds, usebenzisa i-aniline kunye ne-nitrate kunye nezinye iimveliso, iimveliso ezinokuveliswa yi-p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, i-p-hydroxyaniline, i-p-hydroxyazobenzene, i-phenylhydrazine, i-fluorobenzene kunye nokunye. Ezi mveliso zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimimandla yeedayi, amayeza kunye ne-pesticide intermediates. Iimveliso ezimeleyo zezi: i-p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, eyidayi ye-azo yokwenziwa, idayi ye-hose, idayi ye-disperse, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukwenza iipeyinti kunye ne-pigment kunye nesalathisi. I-P-hydroxyaniline isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-sulphur blue FBG, i-asidi ebuthakathaka ekhanyayo i-5G kunye nezinye iidayi, ukuveliswa kwe-paracetamol, i-antamini kunye nezinye iziyobisi, kodwa isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwabaphuhlisi, i-antioxidants njalo njalo.

Ngokutsho kophando, okwangoku, iikhompawundi ze-aniline ezisetyenziswa kwishishini ledayi laseTshayina ubukhulu becala yi-p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride kunye ne-p-hydroxyaniline, ibalelwa malunga ne-1% yokusetyenziswa kwe-aniline esezantsi, okuyindlela ebalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwe-nitrogen compounds. emazantsi eaniline, kwaye ikwalisikhokelo esibalulekileyo sophando lweteknoloji yoshishino lwangoku.

Esinye isicelo esibalulekileyo esisezantsi se-aniline yi-halogenation ye-aniline, njengokuveliswa kwe-p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloroaniline, n-acetoacetanilide, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, bisphenylurea, phenylthiourea kunye nezinye iimveliso. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu leemveliso ze-aniline halogenation, kuqikelelwa kwangaphambili ukuba kukho phantse iindidi ezingama-20, eziye zaba ngumkhombandlela obalulekileyo wokwandiswa kwetsheyini yoshishino lweekhemikhali ezisezantsi zodidi lwe-aniline.

Iimveliso ezisezantsi zisebenzisa i-aniline halogenation, efana ne-o-chloraniline, zisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwesulfure eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka i-FBG, i-asidi ebuthathaka eqaqambileyo yedayi ye-5G, ukuveliswa kwe-paracetamol, i-antamine kunye namanye amachiza, kodwa kunye nokuveliswa kwabaphuhlisi, i-antioxidants kunye ne-antioxidant. njalo njalo. I-Diphenyl thiourea isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-vulcanization accelerators, i-vulcanization capsules, amatayara amanzi, ucingo kunye nentambo, kunye neyeza kunye ne-dayi ephakathi. I-N-acetoacetanilide isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-sulfonamides, i-analgesics, i-antipyretic ice kunye ne-preservatives, kunye ne-rubber vulcanization accelerator.

Ngokutsho kovavanyo olungaphelelanga, inani le-aniline halogenated downstream i-aniline imveliso yeekhemikhali ezilungileyo zithatha malunga ne-40% yenani leekhemikhali ze-aniline ezisezantsi, kodwa iimveliso zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo eziphezulu, kwaye isikali esipheleleyo asisikhulu. Ngophuhliso olomeleleyo lwecandelo loxubo mayeza, uphando lobuchwephesha be-aniline halogenation nalo luye lwaba lukhokelo lophuhliso olubalulekileyo lophando lweteknoloji yaseTshayina kunye nophuhliso.

Enye impendulo ebalulekileyo ye-aniline kukusabela kokunciphisa, njenge-aniline kunye ne-hydrogen ukuvelisa i-cyclohexane, i-aniline kunye ne-asidi ye-sulfuric exutywe kunye ne-soda ash ukuvelisa i-dicyclohexane, i-aniline kunye ne-sulfuric acid kunye ne-sulfur trioxide ukuvelisa i-p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. Olu hlobo lokusabela lufuna inani elikhulu lezinto ezincedisayo, kwaye inani leemveliso ezisezantsi azinkulu, kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho malunga neemveliso ezintlanu. 

Phakathi kwazo, ezinje nge-p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, ukwenza idayi ye-azo, njl., esetyenziswa njengereferensi yereferensi, ireyinti yovavanyo kunye ne-chromatographic reagent yohlalutyo, kwaye inokusetyenziswa njengesibulali zinambuzane ukukhusela isifo sengqolowa. I-Dicyclohexylamine, kukulungiswa kwee-intermediates zedayi, kunye ne-pesticide textile textile rust, kunye nokulungiswa kweziqholo.

Iimeko zokusabela zokunciphisa i-aniline zinzima kakhulu, kwaye okwangoku, i-China igxile kakhulu kwilabhoratri kunye nenqanaba elincinci lemveliso, kwaye umlinganiselo wokusetyenziswa umncinci kakhulu, ongeyena ulwalathiso oluphambili lokwandiswa kweekhemikhali ezisezantsi. ikhonkco leshishini le-aniline.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-aniline njengento ekrwada yokwandiswa kwekhonkco loshishino lweekhemikhali, kukho ukusabela kwe-arylation, i-alkylation reaction, i-oxidation kunye ne-nitrification reaction, i-cyclization reaction, i-aldehyde condensation reaction kunye ne-complex combination reaction reaction. I-Aniline inokuthatha inxaxheba kwiimpendulo ezininzi zeekhemikhali, kwaye zininzi izicelo ezisezantsi. siya kuqhubeka ukwenza uhlalutyo oluthile kuyo, nceda ujonge phambili kuyo.