Emva kwenkulungwane yophuhliso, ishishini lemichiza laseTshayina liye lelona lizwe likhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi, kwaye umjikelo wemizi-mveliso mfutshane kakhulu kunalowo weshishini lemichiza eYurophu, eMelika, eJapan naseMzantsi Korea. EYurophu, eMelika nakwamanye amazwe, kuthatha iminyaka embalwa kuphela ukufikelela kwinqanaba lesikali, kwaye ishishini lemichiza laseTshayina lisondela esiphelweni. Umahluko kukuba emva kwenqanaba elikhulu loshishino lweekhemikhali eYurophu naseMelika, inani leemveliso zeekhemikhali ezintle ezixhaswa buchwephesha obuphezulu zinyuka ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa e-China, ngenxa yophuhliso oluncinci lweteknoloji, umthamo wokubonelela ngeemarike imichiza yonyuka kancinane.

Kwiminyaka eyi-5-10 ezayo, inkqubo enkulu yoshishino lweekhemikhali yaseTshayina iya kuphela kwaye inkqubo yophuhliso oluhle iya kukhawulezisa. Okwangoku, amaziko amaninzi ophando lwasekhaya, ngakumbi lawo anxulumene namashishini aphambili, akhulisa utyalo-mali lwawo kuphando nophuhliso lweekhemikhali ezilungileyo.

Kumkhombandlela wophuhliso lweekhemikhali ezilungileyo eTshayina, eyokuqala luphando olunzulu lokusetyenzwa kusetyenziswa ii-hydrocarbons ezinekhabhoni ephantsi njengezinto ezikrwada, kwaye umlambo osezantsi ugxile ikakhulu kwimidibaniso yamayeza, izibulali-zinambuzane nezinye iindawo. Okwesibini, ukucutshungulwa okunzulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-polycarbon hydrocarbons, ezantsi kwi-high-end high-end fine chemical materials, izongezo kunye nezinye iindawo; Okwesithathu, ukwahlula kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwezinto eziphezulu ze-carbon hydrocarbon kunye nokucubungula okunzulu kunye nokusetyenziswa, ezantsi kwi-surfactant, i-plasticizer kunye nezinye iindawo.

Ukuqwalasela umlinganiselo weendleko, ukwandiswa koshishino lweekhemikhali ezilungileyo zemathiriyeli ekrwada enekhabhoni ephantsi yeyona ndlela inexabiso eliphantsi yokuvelisa nophando. Okwangoku, amaziko amaninzi ophando lwezenzululwazi e China ngenkuthalo ukwandisa uphando kwishishini lemichiza ephantsi ikhabhoni hydrocarbon. Iimveliso ezimeleyo zikwandiswa kakuhle kweekhemikhali zekhonkco leshishini le-isobutylene kunye nokwandiswa kweekhemikhali ezilungileyo kwikhonkco leshishini le-aniline.

Ngokophando lokuqala, ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso elingaphezulu kwe-50 yeekhemikhali ezilungileyo liye landiswa ezantsi komsinga wokucoceka okuphezulu kwe-isobutene, kwaye izinga lokucokiswa kwekhonkco leshishini lemveliso esezantsi liphezulu. I-Aniline ineendidi ezingaphezu kwama-60 zeekhemikhali ezilungileyo ezisezantsi zokwandiswa kwekhonkco loshishino, imiyalelo yesicelo esezantsi yomlambo zininzi.

Okwangoku, i-aniline iveliswa ikakhulu yi-catalytic hydrogenation ye-nitrobenzene, eyimveliso ye-hydrogenation ye-nitric acid, i-hydrogen kunye ne-benzene ecocekileyo njengemathiriyeli ekrwada. Isetyenziswe ezantsi kumacandelo e-MDI, izongezo zerabha, iidayi kunye neziphakathi zonyango, izongezo zepetroli njalo njalo. I-benzene ecocekileyo ekuhluzeni i-oyile kunye namashishini okuvelisa imichiza ayinakudityaniswa neemveliso zeoyile, ezikhuthaza ukwandiswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwekhonkco leshishini elisezantsi le-benzene ecocekileyo, ethe yaba yingqwalasela yophando lweekhemikhali kunye neshishini lophuhliso.

Ngokwamashishini ahlukeneyo apho iimveliso ezisezantsi ze-p-aniline zisetyenzisiweyo, zinokwahlulwa ngokungqongqo ngokwala mashishini alandelayo: Okokuqala, ukusetyenziswa kwintsimi ye-rubber accelerator kunye ne-antioxidant, enokwahlulwa ngokuqikelelwa kwiintlobo ezintlanu zeemveliso. , oko kukuthi i-p-aminobenzidine, i-hydroquinone, i-diphenylamine, i-cyclohexylamine kunye ne-dicyclohexylamine. Uninzi lwezi mveliso ze-aniline zisetyenziselwa kwintsimi ye-rubber antioxidant, njenge-p-amino diphenylamine inokuvelisa i-antioxidant 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D, njl.

Ukusetyenziswa kwintsimi ye-rubber accelerator kunye ne-antioxidant yindlela ebalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwe-aniline ezantsi kwintsimi yerabha, ibalwa ngaphezu kwe-11% yokusetyenziswa okupheleleyo kwe-aniline ezantsi, iimveliso ezimele kakhulu ziyi-p-aminobenzidine kunye ne-hydroquinone.

Kwi-diazo compounds, usebenzisa i-aniline kunye ne-nitrate kunye nezinye iimveliso, iimveliso ezinokuveliswa yi-p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, i-p-hydroxyaniline, i-p-hydroxyazobenzene, i-phenylhydrazine, i-fluorobenzene kunye nokunye. Ezi mveliso zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimimandla yeedayi, amayeza kunye ne-pesticide intermediates. Iimveliso ezimele zezi: i-p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, eyidayi ye-azo yokwenziwa, idayi yelizwi, i-um voice day, i-disperse day, ikwasetyenziswa ekwenzeni ipeyinti kunye ne-pigment kunye nesalathisi, njl njl. I-P-hydroxyaniline isetyenziswa kwimveliso. ye-sulphide blue FBG, i-asidi ebuthathaka eqaqambileyo etyheli i-5G kunye nezinye iidayi, ukuveliswa kwe-paracetamol, i-antamine kunye namanye amachiza, asetyenziswa kwimveliso yomphuhlisi, i-antioxidant njalo njalo.

Okwangoku, iikhompawundi ezininzi ze-aniline ezisetyenziswa kwishishini ledayi laseTshayina yi-p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride kunye ne-p-hydroxyaniline, ezibalelwa malunga ne-1% yokusetyenziswa kwe-aniline emazantsi omlambo, olulona lwalathiso lubalulekileyo lokusetyenziswa kweekhompawundi zenitrogen kumazantsi omlambo kunye ne-aniline. kwakhona isalathiso esibalulekileyo sophando lweteknoloji yoshishino lwangoku.

Esinye isicelo esibalulekileyo esisezantsi se-aniline yi-halogenation ye-aniline, njengokuveliswa kwe-p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloraniline, n-acetoacetaniline, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, diphenylurea, phenylthiourea kunye nezinye iimveliso. Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lemveliso ye-halogenation ye-aniline, kuqikelelwa kwangaphambili ukuba kukho phantse iindidi ezingama-20, eziye zaba yindlela ebalulekileyo yokwandiswa kwekhonkco loshishino lweekhemikhali ezisezantsi zodidi lwe-aniline.

Enye impendulo ebalulekileyo ye-aniline kukusabela kokunciphisa, njenge-aniline kunye ne-hydrogen ukuvelisa i-cyclohexamine, i-aniline kunye ne-asidi ye-sulfuric egxininisiweyo kunye nesoda ukuvelisa i-bicyclohexane, i-aniline kunye ne-asidi ye-sulfuric kunye ne-sulfur trioxide ukuvelisa i-p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid. Olu hlobo lokusabela lufuna inani elikhulu labancedisi, kwaye inani leemveliso ezisezantsi azinkulu, kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga neentlobo ezintlanu zeemveliso.

 Phakathi kwazo, ezinje nge-p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid, ukwenza idayi ye-azo, esetyenziswa njengereferensi yereferensi, ireyinti yovavanyo kunye ne-chromatographic reagent yohlalutyo, inokusetyenziswa njengesibulali zinambuzane ukuthintela umhlwa wengqolowa. I-Dicyclohexamine, kukulungiswa kwee-intermediates zedayi, kunye ne-pesticide textile textile rust, kunye nokulungiswa kweziqholo njalo njalo.

Iimeko zokusabela zokunciphisa i-aniline zinzima kakhulu. Okwangoku, uninzi lwabo lugxininiswe kwilabhoratri nakwinqanaba elincinci lokuvelisa eTshayina, kwaye ubungakanani bokusetyenziswa buncinci kakhulu. Ayingowona mgaqo uphambili wokwandiswa kwekhonkco loshishino lweekhemikhali ezisezantsi zeaniline.

Ukwandiswa kwetsheyini yoshishino lweekhemikhali ezilungileyo kusetyenziswa i-aniline njengezinto eziluhlaza kubandakanya ukusabela kwe-arylation, i-alkylation reaction, i-oxidation kunye ne-nitrification reaction, i-cyclization reaction, i-aldehyde condensation reaction kunye ne-complex combination reaction. I-Aniline inokuthatha inxaxheba kwiimpendulo ezininzi zeekhemikhali, kwaye zininzi izicelo ezisezantsi.