Umgaqo Wokuhluba

Ukuhluba kukusetyenziswa kwesenzo seekhemikhali ukutshabalalisa idayi kwifayibha nokwenza ukuba ilahlekelwe ngumbala wayo.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zee-agents zokususa iikhemikhali. Enye yi-reductive stripping agents, ezifezekisa injongo yokufiphala okanye yokutshintsha umbala ngokutshabalalisa inkqubo yombala kwisakhiwo se-molecular yedayi. Umzekelo, iidayi ezinesakhiwo se-azo zineqela le-azo. Ingancitshiswa ibe liqela le-amino kwaye ilahlekelwe ngumbala wayo. Nangona kunjalo, umonakalo we-arhente yokunciphisa kwinkqubo yombala yeedayi ezithile unokuguqulwa, ngoko ke ukufiphala kunokubuyiselwa, njengenkqubo yombala yesakhiwo se-anthraquinone. I-sodium sulfonate kunye nomgubo omhlophe zisetyenziswa rhoqo njenge-reductive peeling agents. Enye yi-oxidative stripping agents, phakathi kwazo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu yi-hydrogen peroxide kunye ne-sodium hypochlorite. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ii-oxidants zinokubangela umonakalo kumaqela athile enza inkqubo yombala weemolekyuli zedayi, njengokubola kwamaqela e-azo, ukubola kwamaqela e-amino, i-methylation yamaqela e-hydroxy, kunye nokwahlukana kwee-ion zesinyithi ezintsonkothileyo. Olu tshintsho lwesakhiwo olungenakuguqulwa lubangela ukufiphala okanye ukususwa kombala wedayi, ngoko ke ngokwethiyori, i-oxidative stripping agent ingasetyenziselwa unyango olupheleleyo lokucinywa. Le ndlela isebenza ngakumbi kwiidayi ezinesakhiwo se-anthraquinone.

Ukususa idayi eqhelekileyo

2.1 Ukuhlutywa kweedayi ezisabelayo

Nayiphi na idayi ephendulayo enee-metal complexes kufuneka iqale ibiliswe kwisisombululo se-metal polyvalent chelating agent (2 g/L EDTA). Emva koko hlamba kakuhle ngamanzi ngaphambi kokuba kuncitshiswe i-alkaline okanye kulungiswe i-oxidation stripping. I-stripping epheleleyo idla ngokuphathwa kubushushu obuphezulu imizuzu engama-30 kwi-alkali kunye ne-sodium hydroxide. Emva kokuba i-peeling ibuyiselwe, hlamba kakuhle. Emva koko ibanda i-bleached kwisisombululo se-sodium hypochlorite. Umzekelo wenkqubo:
Imizekelo yenkqubo yokuhluba ngokuqhubekayo:
Ilaphu lokudaya → isisombululo sokunciphisa iipadding (i-caustic soda 20 g/l, i-soluene 30 g/l) → 703 ukunciphisa i-steamer ukufutha (100℃) → ukuhlamba → ukomisa

Umzekelo wenkqubo yokudaya i-vat yokuxobula:

Ilaphu elinombala ongalunganga→ ireyile→ amanzi ashushu ama-2→2 i-caustic soda (20g/l)→8 umbala wokuxobuka (i-sodium sulfide 15g/l, 60℃) 4 amanzi ashushu→2 amanzi abandayo scroll→inkqubo yokumhlopheka kwenqanaba eliqhelekileyo le-sodium hypochlorite (NaClO 2.5 g/l, ebekwe imizuzu engama-45).

2.2 Ukuhlutywa kweedayi zesalfure

Amalaphu adaywe ngedayi yesalfure adla ngokulungiswa ngokuwaphatha kwisisombululo esingenanto se-reducing agent (6 g/L sodium sulfide enamandla apheleleyo) kubushushu obuphezulu kangangoko ukuze kufunyanwe ukuxobuka okuncinci kwelaphu elidaywe ngaphambi kokuba lidaywe kwakhona. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kufuneka kusetyenziswe i-sodium hypochlorite okanye i-sodium hypochlorite.
Umzekelo wenkqubo
Umzekelo wombala okhanyayo:
Elaphini → ukumanzisa nokuqengqeleka ngakumbi (i-sodium hypochlorite 5-6 grams liters, 50 ℃) → 703 steamer (imizuzu emi-2) → ukuhlamba ngamanzi apheleleyo → ukomisa.

Umzekelo omnyama:
Ilaphu elingagqibelelanga lombala → i-rolling oxalic acid (15 g/l kwi-40°C) → ukomisa → i-rolling sodium hypochlorite (6 g/l, 30°C imizuzwana eli-15) → ukuhlamba nokumisa ngokupheleleyo

Imizekelo yeenkqubo zebatch:
I-55% ye-crystalline sodium sulfide: 5-10 g/l; i-soda ash: 2-5 g/l (okanye i-36°BéNaOH 2-5 ml/l);
Ubushushu 80-100, ixesha 15-30, umlinganiselo wokuhlamba 1:30-40.

2.3 Ukuhlutywa kweedayi ze-asidi

Bilisa imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-45 ngamanzi e-ammonia (2O ukuya kwi-30 g/L) kunye ne-anionic wetting agent (1 ukuya kwi-2 g/L). Ngaphambi konyango lwe-ammonia, sebenzisa i-sodium sulfonate (10 ukuya kwi-20 g/L) kwi-70°C ukunceda ukugqiba ukuxobuka. Okokugqibela, indlela yokususa i-oxidation ingasetyenziswa.
Phantsi kweemeko ze-asidi, ukongeza i-surfactant ekhethekileyo kunokuba nefuthe elihle lokuxobuka. Kukwakho nezo zisebenzisa iimeko ze-alkaline ukukhupha umbala.

Umzekelo wenkqubo:
Imizekelo yenkqubo yokwenyani yokuxobula isilika:

Ukunciphisa, ukususa kunye nokufunxa (i-soda ash 1g/L, ukongezwa okuthe tyaba kwe-O2g/L, umgubo wesalfure 2-3g/L, ubushushu obuyi-60℃, ixesha eliyi-30-45min, umlinganiselo wokuhlamba 1:30) → unyango lwangaphambi kwemidiya (i-ferrous sulfate heptahydrate) 10g/L, 50% i-hypophosphorus acid 2g/L, i-formic acid adjust pH 3-3.5, 80°C imizuzu engama-60)→hlambulula (80°C hlamba imizuzu engama-20)→ukususa kunye nokufunxa (35% i-hydrogen peroxide 10mL/L, i-pentacrystalline sodium silicate 3-5g/L, ubushushu obuyi-70-8O℃, ixesha eliyi-45-90min, ixabiso le-pH 8-10)→coca

Umzekelo wenkqubo yokuhluba uboya:

I-Nifanidine AN: 4; I-oxalic acid: 2%; Nyusa ubushushu bufikelele ekubileni kwimizuzu engama-30 uze uyigcine kwindawo yokubila imizuzu engama-20-30; uze uyicoce.

Umzekelo wenkqubo yokuhluba i-nylon:

36°BéNaOH: 1%-3%; flat plus O: 15%-20%; isepha yokwenziwa: 5%-8%; umlinganiselo wokuhlamba: 1:25-1:30; ubushushu: 98-100°C; ixesha: 20-30min (de kube kugqityiwe ukubola).

Emva kokuba yonke imibala isusiwe, ubushushu buyancitshiswa kancinci kancinci, kwaye ihlanjwe kakuhle ngamanzi, kwaye emva koko i-alkali eseleyo kwi-nylon iyasuswa ngokupheleleyo nge-0.5mL/L acetic acid kwi-30°C imizuzu eli-10, ize ihlanjwe ngamanzi.

2.4 Ukukhutshelwa kweedayi zevati

Ngokubanzi, kwinkqubo exutyiweyo ye-sodium hydroxide kunye ne-sodium hydroxide, idayi yelaphu iyancitshiswa kwakhona kubushushu obuphezulu. Ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukongeza isisombululo se-polyvinylpyrrolidine, njenge-BASF's Albigen A.

Imizekelo yenkqubo yokuhluba ngokuqhubekayo:

Ilaphu lokudaya → isisombululo sokunciphisa iipadding (i-caustic soda 20 g/l, i-soluene 30 g/l) → 703 ukunciphisa i-steamer ukufutha (100℃) → ukuhlamba → ukomisa

Umzekelo wenkqubo yokuxobula ngokungenaxesha:

I-Pingping plus O: 2-4g/L; 36°BéNaOH: 12-15ml/L; I-Sodium hydroxide: 5-6g/L;

Ngexesha lonyango lokuhluba, ubushushu buyi-70-80℃, ixesha liyimizuzu engama-30-60, kwaye umlinganiselo wokuhlamba yi-1:30-40.

2.5 Ukuhluba iidayi ezisasazekileyo

Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukususa iidayi ezisasazekileyo kwi-polyester:

Indlela yoku-1: I-Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate kunye ne-carrier, inyangwe kwi-100°C kunye ne-pH4-5; isiphumo sonyango sibaluleke ngakumbi kwi-130°C.

Indlela yesi-2: I-sodium chlorite kunye ne-formic acid zicutshungulwa kwi-100°C kunye ne-pH 3.5.

Isiphumo esingcono kakhulu kunyango lokuqala olulandelwa lolwesibini. Kangangoko kunokwenzeka, daya umnyama kakhulu emva konyango.

2.6 Ukuhlutywa kweedayi ze-cationic

Ukususa iidayi ezisasazekileyo kwi-polyester kudla ngokusebenzisa ezi ndlela zilandelayo:

Kwibhafu equlethe i-5 ml/ilitha ye-monoethanolamine kunye ne-5 g/ilitha ye-sodium chloride, yinyange xa ​​ibila iyure e-1. Emva koko yicoce, uze uyifake i-bleach kwibhafu equlethe i-5 ml/L ye-sodium hypochlorite (i-150 g/L ekhoyo ye-chlorine), i-5 g/L ye-sodium nitrate (inhibitor yokubola), kwaye ulungise i-pH ibe yi-4 ukuya kwi-4.5 nge-acidic acid. Imizuzu engama-30. Ekugqibeleni, ilaphu liphathwa nge-sodium chloride sulfite (3 g/L) kwi-60°C imizuzu eli-15, okanye i-1-1.5 g/L ye-sodium hydroxide kwi-85°C imizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30. Kwaye ekugqibeleni uyicoce.

Ukusebenzisa isepha (0.5 ukuya kwi-1 g/L) kunye nesisombululo esibilisayo se-acetic acid ukunyanga ilaphu elidayiweyo kwi-pH 4 kangangeyure eli-1-2 nako kunokufezekisa isiphumo sokuxobuka okuncinci.
Umzekelo wenkqubo:
Nceda ujonge umzekelo wokulungiswa kombala welaphu elithungiweyo le-acrylic elingu-5.1.

2.7 Ukukhutshelwa kweedayi ze-azo ezinganyibilikiyo

I-5 ukuya kwi-10 ml/ilitha ye-38°Bé caustic soda, i-1 ukuya kwi-2 ml/ilitha ye-dispersant ehlala ishushu, kunye ne-3 ukuya kwi-5 g/ilitha ye-sodium hydroxide, kunye ne-0.5 ukuya kwi-1 g/ilitha ye-anthraquinone powder. Ukuba kukho i-sodium hydroxide eyaneleyo kunye ne-caustic soda, i-anthraquinone iya kwenza ulwelo olususayo lube bomvu. Ukuba lujika lube tyheli okanye lube mdaka, kufuneka kongezwe i-caustic soda okanye i-sodium hydroxide. Ilaphu elisusiweyo kufuneka lihlanjwe kakuhle.

2.8 Ukuxobuka kwepeyinti

Ipeyinti kunzima ukuyixobula, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa i-potassium permanganate ukuyixobula.

Umzekelo wenkqubo:

Ilaphu elingasebenzi kakuhle → i-rolling potassium permanganate (18 g/l) → ukuhlamba ngamanzi → i-rolling oxalic acid (20 g/l, 40°C) → ukuhlamba ngamanzi → ukomisa.

Ukuhluthwa kwezinto ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zokugqiba

3.1 Ukukhutshelwa kwearhente yokulungisa

Isixhobo sokulungisa u-Y sinokususwa ngomlinganiselo omncinci we-soda ash kwaye kongezwe i-O; i-polyamine cationic fixing agent inokususwa ngokubilisa nge-acetic acid.

3.2 Ukususwa kweoyile ye-silicone kunye ne-softener

Ngokubanzi, izithambisi-manzi zinokususwa ngokuhlanjwa ngesepha, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa i-soda ash kunye nesepha; ezinye izithambisi-manzi kufuneka zisuswe nge-formic acid kunye ne-surfactant. Indlela yokususa kunye neemeko zenkqubo zixhomekeke kuvavanyo lwesampulu.

Ioyile ye-silicone kunzima ukuyisusa, kodwa nge-surfactant ekhethekileyo, phantsi kweemeko ezinamandla ze-alkaline, ukubilisa kungasetyenziselwa ukususa uninzi lweoyile ye-silicone. Kakade ke, ezi zivavanywa ngeesampuli.

3.3 Ukususwa kwearhente yokugqiba i-resin

I-arhente yokugqiba i-resin idla ngokususwa ngendlela yokufutha i-asidi kunye nokuhlamba. Inkqubo eqhelekileyo yile: isisombululo se-asidi ye-padding (uxinzelelo lwe-hydrochloric acid lwe-1.6 g/l) → ukuqokelela (85 ℃ imizuzu eli-10) → ukuhlamba ngamanzi ashushu → ukuhlamba ngamanzi abandayo → ukomisa. Ngale nkqubo, i-resin ekwilaphu inokukhutshelwa kumatshini wokukhuhla othe tyaba kunye nomatshini wokufunxa.

Umgaqo wokulungisa umthunzi kunye netekhnoloji

4.1 Umgaqo kunye netekhnoloji yokulungisa ukukhanya kombala
Xa umbala welaphu elidayiweyo ungahlangabezani neemfuno, kufuneka ulungiswe. Umgaqo wokulungiswa kombala ngumgaqo wombala oseleyo. Oko kubizwa ngokuba ngumbala oseleyo, oko kukuthi, imibala emibini ineempawu zokukhuphana. Imibala eseleyo yile: ebomvu neluhlaza, eorenji nebhlowu, kunye nomthubi nomsobo. Umzekelo, ukuba isibane esibomvu sinzima kakhulu, ungongeza inani elincinci lepeyinti eluhlaza ukuze uyinciphise. Nangona kunjalo, umbala oseleyo usetyenziselwa kuphela ukulungisa isibane sombala kancinci. Ukuba isixa sikhulu kakhulu, siya kuchaphazela ubunzulu bombala kunye nokuqaqamba, kwaye idosi ngokubanzi imalunga ne-lg/L.

Ngokubanzi, amalaphu adaywe ngedayi esebenzayo kunzima ukuwalungisa, kwaye amalaphu adaywe ngedayi ye-vat kulula ukuwalungisa; xa kulungiswa idayi yesalfure, kunzima ukulawula umthunzi, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa idayi ye-vat ukongeza nokuthabatha imibala; iidayi ezithe ngqo zingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa izinto ezongeziweyo, kodwa ubungakanani kufuneka bube ngaphantsi kwe-1 g/L.

Iindlela ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zokulungisa umthunzi ziquka ukuhlamba ngamanzi (ezifanelekileyo ukudaya amalaphu agqityiweyo aneemibala ezimnyama, imibala edadayo, kunye nokulungisa amalaphu ngokuhlamba okunganelisiyo kunye nokukhawuleza kwesepha), ukukrazula okukhanyayo (jonga inkqubo yokukrazula idayi, iimeko. Ilula kunenkqubo eqhelekileyo yokukrazula), ukufutha i-alkali (esebenza kwiidayi ezibuthathaka kwi-alkali, uninzi lwazo lusetyenziselwa iidayi ezisabelayo; njengelaphu lokudaya elimnyama elihambelana nombala le-KNB njengokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ungaqengqa isixa esifanelekileyo se-caustic soda, esongezwa ngokufutha kunye nokuhlanjwa okuthe tyaba ukufezekisa injongo yokukhanyisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), iarhente yokumhlophelisa i-pad (esebenza kukukhanya okubomvu kwamalaphu agqityiweyo adayiweyo, ngakumbi kumalaphu agqityiweyo adaywe ngeedayi ze-vat, umbala uba ngaphezulu xa umbala uphakathi okanye ulula. Ukuze umbala uphele, ukukrazula kwakhona kunokuqwalaselwa, kodwa ukukrazula i-hydrogen peroxide kufuneka ibe yindlela ephambili yokuphepha utshintsho lombala olungafunekiyo.), ukukrazula ipeyinti, njl.
4.2 Umzekelo wenkqubo yokulungisa umthunzi: indlela yokuthabatha yokudaya idayi esebenzayo

4.2.1 Kwitanki yokuqala yokuhlamba ethe tyaba enegridi ezintlanu yomatshini wokunciphisa isepha, yongeza i-1 g/L ethe tyaba kwaye wongeze i-O xa ibila, uze emva koko uhlambe ngokuthe tyaba, ngokubanzi i-15% ibe nzulu.

4.2.2 Kwiitanki zokuqala ezintlanu zokuhlamba ezisicaba zomatshini wokunciphisa isepha, yongeza i-lg/L flat kunye ne-flat O, i-1mL/L glacial acetic acid, uze uyibeke phezu komatshini kubushushu begumbi ukuze wenze ukukhanya okuorenji kube lula nge-10%.

4.2.3 Ukufaka amanzi okugquma angama-0.6mL/L kwi-rolling tank yomatshini wokunciphisa, kunye nebhokisi yokufutha kubushushu begumbi, amacandelo amabini okuqala etanki yokuhlamba awakhuphi manzi, amacandelo amabini okugqibela ahlanjwa ngamanzi abandayo, elinye igumbi ngamanzi ashushu, aze afakwe isepha. Uxinzelelo lwamanzi okugquma lwahlukile, kwaye ubunzulu bokugquma nabo bahlukile, kwaye umbala wokugquma ungabonakali kancinci.

4.2.4 Sebenzisa i-10L ye-hydrogen peroxide engama-27.5%, i-3L ye-hydrogen peroxide stabilizer, i-2L ye-36°Bé caustic soda, i-1L yesepha engama-209 kwi-500L yamanzi, uyitshise kumatshini wokunciphisa, uze wongeze i-O xa ubilisa, usepha uze upheke. I-15% iphantsi.

4.2.5 Sebenzisa i-5-10g/L ye-baking soda, umphunga ukuze ukhuphe umbala, uhlambe uze ubilise ngesepha, ingaba lula nge-10-20%, kwaye umbala uya kuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emva kokuyisusa.

4.2.6 Sebenzisa i-10g/L caustic soda, ukususa ngomphunga, ukuhlamba kunye nokufaka isepha, inokuba mhlophe nge-20%-30%, kwaye umbala umnyama kancinci.

4.2.7 Sebenzisa i-sodium perborate 20g/L umphunga ukuze ukhuphe umbala, onokuba lula nge-10-15%.

4.2.8 Sebenzisa i-27.5% ye-hydrogen peroxide 1-5L kumatshini wokudaya i-jig, sebenzisa iipasi ezi-2 kwi-70℃, thatha isampuli, kwaye ulawule uxinaniso lwe-hydrogen peroxide kunye nenani leepasi ngokobunzulu bombala. Umzekelo, ukuba uluhlaza olumnyama ludlula iipasi ezi-2, lunokuba nzulu njengesiqingatha ukuya kwisiqingatha. Malunga ne-10%, umthunzi awutshintshi kangako.

4.2.9 Faka i-250mL yamanzi okumhlopheza kwi-250L yamanzi kumatshini wokudaya ijig, hamba imizila emibini kubushushu begumbi, kwaye ingasuswa ibe nzulu njenge-10-15%.

I-4.2.1O ingongezwa kumatshini wokudaya ijig, yongeza i-O kunye ne-soda ash peeling.

Imizekelo yenkqubo yokulungisa iziphene zokudaya

5.1 Imizekelo yokulungiswa kombala welaphu le-acrylic

5.1.1 Iintyatyambo ezinombala okhanyayo

5.1.1.1 Ukuhamba kwenkqubo:

Ilaphu, i-surfactant 1227, i-acetic acid → imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwi-100°C, ukugcinwa kobushushu imizuzu engama-30 → 60°C ukuhlamba ngamanzi ashushu → ukuhlamba ngamanzi abandayo → ukufudumala ukuya kuma-60°C, ukufaka iidayi kunye ne-acetic acid ukuze kugcinwe imizuzu eli-10 → ukufudumala kancinci ukuya kuma-98°C, ukugcina kushushu imizuzu engama-40 → kancinci kancinci Pholisa ukuya kuma-60°C ukuvelisa ilaphu.

5.1.1.2 Ifomula yokuhluba:

I-Surfactant 1227: 2%; i-acetic acid 2.5%; umlinganiselo wokuhlamba 1:10

5.1.1.3 Ifomula yokudaya ngokuchaseneyo:

Iidayi zeCationic (eziguqulwe zaba yifomula yenkqubo yokuqala) 2O%; i-acetic acid 3%; umlinganiselo wokuhlamba 1:20

5.1.2 Iintyatyambo ezinombala omnyama

5.1.2.1 Indlela yenkqubo:

Ilaphu, i-sodium hypochlorite, i-acetic acid → ukufudumeza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100°C, imizuzu engama-30 → ukuhlamba ngamanzi apholileyo → i-sodium bisulfite → 60°C, imizuzu engama-20 → ukuhlamba ngamanzi afudumeleyo → ukuhlamba ngamanzi abandayo → 60°C, faka idayi kunye ne-acetic acid → nyusa kancinci ukuya kwi-100°C, gcina ushushu imizuzu eyi-40 → Yehlisa kancinci kancinci ubushushu ukuya kwi-60°C kwilaphu.

5.1.2.2 Ifomula yokuhluba:

I-sodium hypochlorite: 2O%; i-acetic acid 10%;

Umlinganiselo wokuhlamba 1:20

5.1.2.3 Ifomula yekhlorine:

I-sodium bisulfite 15%

Umlinganiselo wokuhlamba 1:20

5.1.2.4 Ifomula yokudaya ngokuchaseneyo

Iidayi zeCationic (eziguqulelwe kwifomula yenkqubo yokuqala) 120%

I-asidi ye-acetic 3%

Umlinganiselo wokuhlamba 1:20

5.2 Umzekelo wokulungiswa kokudaywa kwelaphu le-nylon

5.2.1 Iintyatyambo ezinemibala engaphantsi

Xa umahluko kubunzulu bombala ungama-20%-30% obunzulu bokudaya ngokwawo, ngokubanzi i-5%-10% yomgangatho kunye ne-O ingasetyenziswa, umlinganiselo wokuhlamba uyafana nowokudaya, kwaye ubushushu buphakathi kwama-80 ℃ nama-85 ℃. Xa ubunzulu bufikelela kuma-20% obunzulu bokudaya, yonyusa kancinci ubushushu bufike kwi-100°C kwaye uyigcine ifudumele ide idayi ifunxwe yifayibha kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

5.2.2 Intyatyambo enemibala ephakathi

Kwimibala ephakathi, iindlela zokunciphisa ezingaphelelanga zingasetyenziselwa ukongeza idayi kubunzulu bokuqala.

I-Na2CO3 5%-10%

Yongeza i-O1O%-l5% ngokuthe ngqo

Umlinganiselo wokuhlamba 1:20-1:25

Ubushushu 98℃ -100℃

Ixesha 90 min-120min

Emva kokuba umbala unciphile, ilaphu lihlanjwa ngamanzi ashushu kuqala, emva koko lihlanjwe ngamanzi abandayo, lize ekugqibeleni lidaywe.

5.2.3 Ukutshintsha kombala okunzulu

Inkqubo:

36°BéNaOH: 1%-3%

Iflethi kunye ne-O: 15% ～20%

Isepha yokwenziwa: 5%-8%

Umlinganiselo wokuhlamba 1:25-1:30

Ubushushu 98℃ -100℃

Ixesha yimizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwimizuzu engama-30 (de kube kugqityiwe ukubola)
Emva kokuba yonke imibala isusiwe, ubushushu buyancitshiswa kancinci kancinci, emva koko buhlanjwe kakuhle nge-0.5 mL ye-acetic acid kwi-30°C imizuzu eli-10 ukuze kuncitshiswe ngokupheleleyo i-alkali eseleyo, emva koko kuhlanjwe ngamanzi ukuze kuphinde kudaywe. Eminye imibala akufuneki idaywe ngemibala ephambili emva kokuba isusiwe. Kuba umbala wesiseko selaphu uba mthubi okhanyayo emva kokuba ususiwe. Kule meko, umbala kufuneka utshintshwe. Umzekelo: Emva kokuba umbala wekamela ususiwe ngokupheleleyo, umbala wangasemva uya kuba mthubi okhanyayo. Ukuba umbala wekamela uphinde wadaywa, umbala uya kuba ngwevu. Ukuba usebenzisa iPura Red 10B, yilungise ngombala omncinci otyheli okhanyayo kwaye uyitshintshe ibe ngumbala we-conscuit ukuze ugcine umthunzi ukhanya.

umfanekiso

5.3 Umzekelo wonyango lokudaya ilaphu le-polyester

5.3.1 Iintyatyambo ezinemibala engaphantsi,

Isixhobo sokulungisa iintyatyambo okanye i-arhente yokulinganisa ubushushu obuphezulu eyi-1-2 g/L, phinda ufudumale ukuya kwi-135°C imizuzu engama-30. Idayi eyongezelelweyo yi-10%-20% yedosi yokuqala, kwaye ixabiso le-pH liyi-5, elinokususa umbala welaphu, amabala, umahluko wombala kunye nobunzulu bombala, kwaye isiphumo siyafana neso seswatch yelaphu eliqhelekileyo lokuvelisa.

5.3.2 Iziphene ezinzulu

I-sodium chlorite 2-5 g/L, i-acetic acid 2-3 g/L, i-methyl naphthalene 1-2 g/L;

Qala unyango kwi-30°C, fudumeza kwi-2°C/min ukuya kwi-100°C imizuzu engama-60, uze uhlambe ilaphu ngamanzi.

5.4 Imizekelo yonyango lweziphene ezinzulu ekudayweni kwelaphu lomqhaphu ngeedayi ezisebenzayo

Ukuhamba kwenkqubo: ukususa i-oxidation → ukudaya ngokuchasana

5.4.1 Ukuxobuka kombala

5.4.1.1 Umyalelo wenkqubo:

Umgubo weinshurensi 5 g／L-6 g／L

I-Ping Ping ene-O2 g／L-4 g／L

38°Bé caustic soda 12 mL／L-15 mL／L

Ubushushu 60℃ -70℃

Umlinganiselo webhafu l: lO

Ixesha 30min

5.4.1.2 Indlela yokusebenza kunye namanyathelo

Yongeza amanzi ngokwemilinganiselo yokuhlamba, yongeza i-O esele ilinganisiwe, i-caustic soda, i-sodium hydroxide, kunye nelaphu kumatshini, vula umphunga uze wonyuse ubushushu ukuya kuma-70°C, uze ukhuphe umbala imizuzu engama-30. Emva kokuxobula, khupha ulwelo oluseleyo, uhlambe kabini ngamanzi acocekileyo, uze ukhuphe ulwelo.

5.4.2 Ukukhupha i-oksidation

5.4.2.1 Umyalelo wenkqubo

3O%H2O2 3 mL／L

38°Bé caustic soda l mL／L

Isiqinisi 0.2mL/L

Ubushushu 95℃

Umlinganiselo wokuhlamba 1:10

Ixesha imizuzu engama-60

5.4.2.2 Indlela yokusebenza kunye namanyathelo

Yongeza amanzi ngokwemilinganiselo yokuhlamba, yongeza izinto eziqinisayo, i-caustic soda, i-hydrogen peroxide kunye nezinye izongezo, vula umphunga uze wonyuse ubushushu ukuya kuma-95°C, ugcine imizuzu engama-60, uze wehlise ubushushu ukuya kuma-75°C, khupha ulwelo uze wongeze amanzi, yongeza i-0.2 soda, hlamba imizuzu engama-20, khupha ulwelo; sebenzisa Hlamba emanzini ashushu kuma-80°C imizuzu engama-20; hlamba ngamanzi ashushu kuma-60°C imizuzu engama-20, uze uhlambe ngamanzi abandayo ahambayo de ilaphu liphole ngokupheleleyo.

5.4.3 Ukulinganisa izinto

5.4.3.1 Umyalelo wenkqubo

Iidayi ezisebenzayo: 30% x% yokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokuqala

Umgubo weYuanming: 50% Y% yokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokuqala

Isoda ash: 50% z% yokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokuqala

Umlinganiselo webhafu l: lO

Ubushushu ngokwenkqubo yokuqala

5.4.3.2 Indlela yokusebenza kunye namanyathelo
Landela indlela eqhelekileyo yokudaya kunye namanyathelo.

Intshayelelo emfutshane yenkqubo yokuhluba imibala yelaphu elixutyiweyo

Iidayi ezisasazekileyo nezineasidi zingasuswa kancinci kwilaphu elixutyiweyo le-diacetate/wool nge-3 ukuya kwi-5% ye-alkylamine polyoxyethylene kwi-80 ukuya kwi-85°C kunye ne-pH 5 ukuya kwi-6 imizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60. Olu nyango lunokususa kancinci iidayi ezisasazekileyo kwi-acetate component kwi-diacetate/nylon kunye ne-diacetate/polyacrylonitrile fiber blends. Ukususa iidayi ezisasazekileyo kwi-polyester/polyacrylonitrile okanye i-polyester/wool kufuna ukubiliswa ngesixhobo sokuthwala ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezi-2. Ukongeza iigram ezi-5 ukuya kwezili-10/ilitha yesepha engeyiyo ionic kunye ne-1 ukuya kwezi-2 grams/ilitha yomgubo omhlophe kunokuphucula ukuqhekeka kweefayibha ze-polyester/polyacrylonitrile.

I-1 g/L ye-anionic detergent; i-3 g/L ye-cationic dye retardant; kunye ne-4 g/L ye-sodium sulfate ngexesha lokubila kunye ne-pH eyi-10 imizuzu engama-45. Ingasusa kancinci i-alkaline kunye ne-acid dyes kwilaphu elixutyiweyo le-polyester ye-nylon/alkaline dyeable.

I-1% yesepha engeyiyo i-ionic; i-2% ye-cationic dye retardant; kunye ne-10% ukuya kwi-15% ye-sodium sulfate xa ibila kwaye i-pH 5 imizuzu engama-90 ukuya kwengama-120. Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukususa uboya/ifayibha ye-polyacrylonitrile.

Sebenzisa iigram ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5 ngelitha ye-caustic soda, kunye neegram ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-5 ngelitha ye-sodium hydroxide, ukucoca ngokunciphisa kwi-80 ukuya kwi-85°C, okanye isisombululo se-alkaline esiphakathi somgubo omhlophe kwi-120°C, esinokufunyanwa kwi-polyester/cellulose Iidayi ezininzi ezithe ngqo nezisabelayo ziyasuswa kumxube.

Sebenzisa umgubo omhlophe osuka kwi-3% ukuya kwi-5% kunye nesepha ye-anionic ukunyanga imizuzu eyi-4O-6O kwi-80℃ kunye ne-pH4. Iidayi ezisasazekileyo kunye ne-asidi zinokususwa kwi-diacetate/polypropylene fiber, i-diacetate/uboya, i-diacetate/nylon, i-nylon/polyurethane, kunye ne-asidi dyeing nylon textured warn.

Sebenzisa i-1-2 g/L ye-sodium chlorite, uyibilise iyure e-1 kwi-pH 3.5, ukuze ususe iidayi ezisasazekileyo, ze-cationic, ezithe ngqo okanye ezisabelayo kwilaphu elixutyiweyo le-cellulose/polyacrylonitrile. Xa ususa amalaphu axutyiweyo e-triacetate/polyacrylonitrile, i-polyester/polyacrylonitrile, kunye ne-polyester/cellulose, kufuneka kongezwe isicoci esifanelekileyo kunye nesicoci esingeyiyo i-ionic.

Izinto eziqwalaselwayo kwimveliso

7.1 Ilaphu kufuneka livavanywe ngaphambi kokuba lixotyulwe okanye lilungiswe umbala.
7.2 Ukuhlamba (amanzi abandayo okanye ashushu) kufuneka kuqiniswe emva kokuba ilaphu lixotyulwe.
7.3 Ukususa inkunkuma kufuneka kube lixesha elifutshane kwaye kufuneka kuphindwe ukuba kuyimfuneko.
7.4 Xa kuhlutywa, iimeko zobushushu kunye nezongezo kufuneka zilawulwe ngokungqongqo ngokweempawu zedayi ngokwayo, ezinje ngokuxhathisa i-oxidation, ukuxhathisa i-alkali, kunye nokuxhathisa i-chlorine bleaching. Ukuthintela ubuninzi bezongezo okanye ulawulo olungafanelekanga lobushushu, okubangela ukuxobuka okanye ukuxobuka okugqithisileyo. Xa kuyimfuneko, inkqubo kufuneka imiselwe ngokubeka idayi ngaphandle.
7.5 Xa ilaphu lixotyulwe kancinci, kuya kwenzeka ezi meko zilandelayo:
7.5.1 Ukuze kulungiswe ubunzulu bombala wedayi, umbala wedayi awuyi kutshintsha kakhulu, kuphela ubunzulu bombala obuya kutshintsha. Ukuba iimeko zokuhluba imibala ziyaqondwa, zinokuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zesampulu yombala;
7.5.2 Xa ilaphu elidaywe ngeedayi ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezinentsebenzo efanayo lihlulwe kancinci, utshintsho lombala luncinci. Ngenxa yokuba idayi ihlulwe kuphela kwinqanaba elifanayo, ilaphu elihlulwe liya kuvela kuphela Utshintsho kubunzulu.
7.5.3 Ukulungisa amalaphu okudaya ngeedayi ezahlukeneyo ngobunzulu bombala, kudla ngokufuneka ukuba kususwe iidayi kwaye kuphinde kudaywe kwakhona.