Ishishini lemichiza elungileyo ligama eliqhelekileyo lokuveliswa kwemveliso yeekhemikhali ezilungileyo, ezibizwa ngokuba "ziikhemikhali ezilungileyo", kwaye iimveliso zayo zikwabizwa ngokuba ziikhemikhali ezilungileyo okanye iikhemikhali ezikhethekileyo.

Umbindi woshishino lweekhemikhali ezilungileyo ubekwe kumphambili weshishini lemichiza elungileyo. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuqhubeka nokuvelisa iimveliso ezintle zeekhemikhali. Izicelo zayo ezisezantsi zibandakanya: izinto ezibuthathaka zobushushu, iiplastiki zobunjineli ezikhethekileyo, ukuprintwa kwempahla kunye nokudaya izinto ezincedisayo, iikhemikhali zesikhumba, iipolymers ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nezibulala-zinambuzane, iidayi ezisebenzayo, njl.

Ishishini eliphakathi loshishino lweekhemikhali ezilungileyo luphawulwa ngophando olukhawulezayo kunye nophuhliso, isikali esisezantsi semveliso enye, kunye nolungelelwaniso olomeleleyo lobugcisa bemveliso yeemveliso ezinxulumeneyo.
Ukususela kumbono wophuhliso lwangaphambili lwemveliso yoshishino, emva kokuba isicelo esisezantsi semveliso ephakathi siqinisekisiwe, isantya sokunyusa imarike siya kukhawuleza kakhulu.

Ngenxa yetekhnoloji yemveliso entsonkothileyo, inkqubo ende kunye nesantya sokuhlaziya i-pesticide, iyeza kunye nezinye iimveliso zemichiza ezintle, akukho shishini linokugcina inzuzo yeendleko kulo lonke uphuhliso, imveliso kunye nekhonkco lokuthengisa.

Iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zithatha ithuba elipheleleyo lobutyebi behlabathi, ke ngoko, ukungabikho kwemali, ukubekwa ngokutsha, ulungelelwaniso, izibonelelo zekhonkco leshishini, zibeka eyona ngqwalasela kuphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuthengisa, kunye nokudlulisela umxokelelwane wemveliso kumazwe anezibonelelo zeendleko ezihambelanayo kunye netekhnoloji. isiseko, ezifana China, India kwaye emva koko zaveliswa kula mazwe kugxilwe kumashishini imveliso intermediates.

Kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso loshishino, iChina inokuvelisa kuphela iimveliso ezimbalwa ezisisiseko esiphakathi, kwaye imveliso ayikwazanga ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zasekhaya.

Njengoko imeko yoshishino lweekhemikhali ezintle kwiminyaka yakutshanje ibe yinkxaso eyomeleleyo, ukusuka kuphando lwezenzululwazi kunye nophuhliso ukuya kwimveliso kunye nentengiso yoshishino oluphakathi eTshayina iye yaqulunqa iseti yenkqubo egqibeleleyo, inokuvelisa iimveliso eziphakathi ezifana ne-pharmaceutical intermediates, iidayi. intermediates, izinambuzane intermediates 36 iindidi iyonke ngaphezu 40000 iintlobo zeemveliso eziphakathi, ukongeza ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zasekhaya, kwakhona inani elikhulu lokuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kumazwe angaphezu kwama-30 kunye nemimandla.

Ukuthunyelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kwe-China ngonyaka kwamanye amazwe kudlula i-5 yezigidi zeetoni, iye yaba yeyona mveliso iphakathi kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ishishini laseTshayina intermediates idayi iye yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iye yaba umvelisi inkulu ehlabathini yedayi intermediates, ekhokelela kwimithombo, phezulu kunye ezantsi komjelo chain zoshishino, Logistics kunye nezothutho, izixhobo zokusingqongileyo kunye neminye imiba, kunye nokuvuthwa kwimarike eliphezulu. .

Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweempembelelo zokunyuka koxinzelelo lwendalo, uninzi lwabavelisi abancinci nabaphakathi abaphakathi abakwazi ukugcina imveliso eqhelekileyo kunye nokusebenza ngenxa yokungonelanga kwamandla okulawula ungcoliseko, kwaye bahlala benciphisa imveliso, bayeke ukuvelisa okanye bavale ngokupheleleyo. Indlela yokhuphiswano lwemarike ngokuthe ngcembe iyatshintsha ukusuka kukhuphiswano olungacwangciswanga ukuya kubavelisi abakhulu abakumgangatho ophezulu.

Indlela yokudityaniswa kwekhonkco loshishino ibonakala kwishishini. Amashishini amakhulu aphakathi kwedayi ngokuthe ngcembe anweba kwishishini elisezantsi ledayi-ephakathi, ngelixa amashishini amakhulu aphakathi kwedayi andisa kushishino oluphakathi.

Ukongeza, ama-intermediates edayi abandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso, abaninzi abavelisi banemveliso yabo ekhethekileyo ephakathi, ukuba kukho iteknoloji yokuvelisa imveliso kwimveliso enye, amandla okuxoxisana kwishishini kwimveliso enye inokunyuswa kakhulu.

Abaqhubi beshishini

(1) Amathuba amahle okudluliselwa kweshishini lemichiza lamazwe ngamazwe
Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwecandelo lemizi-mveliso yabasebenzi kwihlabathi, ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso yoshishino lwemichiza ephucukileyo nalo liye labonakala ngokwahlulwa kwecandelo labasebenzi.
Zonke itekhnoloji yoshishino lweekhemikhali ezilungileyo, ikhonkco elide, isantya sohlaziyo, kwaneenkampani ezinkulu zeekhemikhali zamazwe ngamazwe azinakululawula lonke uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwazo zonke itekhnoloji kunye nekhonkco, ke ngoko, uninzi lweendlela zophuhliso lweshishini lemichiza ukusuka "endaweni" ngokuthe ngcembe. ukuya "encinci kodwa ilungile", izama ukuba longitudinal nzulu isikhundla sayo kwikhonkco loshishino.
Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkunzi, kugxininiswe kukhuphiswano olungundoqo lwangaphakathi, ukuphucula isantya sokuphendula imarike, kukwandise ulwabiwo lwezixhobo zokusebenza kakuhle kunye neenkampani ezinkulu zesizwe zeekhemikhali ukuba zibekwe ngokutsha, uqwalaselo, izibonelelo zekhonkco loshishino, ziya kuba yingqwalasela yemveliso. isicwangciso-qhinga sokugxila kuphando lokugqibela lwemveliso kunye nophuhliso lwemarike, kunye nokuveliswa kwekhonkco elinye okanye ezininzi ukuya phambili, inzuzo ethelekisekayo yeshishini lokuvelisa imveliso yeekhemikhali ephakathi.

Ukutshintshelwa koshishino lwemichiza olulungileyo lwamazwe ngamazwe luzise amathuba amahle ophuhliso lweshishini lemveliso yeekhemikhali ephakathi yaseTshayina.

(2) Inkxaso eyomeleleyo evela kwimigaqo-nkqubo yezoshishino yesizwe
I-China isoloko incamathele ukubaluleka okukhulu kuphuhliso loshishino lweekhemikhali ezilungileyo.I-Guideline Catalogue for Industrial Restructuring (2011 edition) (Amendment) ekhutshwe yiNational Development and Reform Commission ngoFebruwari 16, 2013 idwelise imveliso ecocekileyo yedayi kunye nedayi intermediates njengoko. ubugcisa obukhuthazwa ngurhulumente.
"Ukhetho olukhulu kakhulu kunye neziphumo ezibi-kwisicwangciso" lucebise "ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso ecocekileyo kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe obuphambili ekuphuculeni izixhobo esele zikho, ukusetyenziswa okuphantsi, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo, ukuphucula isakhono sokhuphiswano olupheleleyo kunye nokukwazi uphuhliso oluzinzileyo" kunye "nokomeleza imveliso. iidayi kunye ne-intermediates yazo yeteknoloji yemveliso ecocekileyo kunye ne-advanced esebenzayo" inkunkuma emithathu "uphando lweteknoloji yonyango kunye nophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa, ukuphucula iteknoloji yesicelo sedayi kunye nokuncedisa, ukuphakamisa izinga lenkonzo yexabiso kwishishini ledayi".
Ishishini eliphakathi kwedayi yekhemikhali yelona shishini liphambili lelobume benkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe wemveliso enkulu, eya kukhuthaza uphuhliso loshishino ukusa kumlinganiselo othile.

(3) Ushishino lwemichiza oluhle lwaseTshayina lunenzuzo enamandla yokhuphiswano
Ngokuya nzulu ngakumbi ulwahlulo lwehlabathi lwabasebenzi kunye nokudluliselwa kwemizi-mveliso, xa kuthelekiswa namazwe aphuhlileyo, amazwe asakhasayo, ngakumbi iTshayina, aya kubonisa inzuzo enkulu yeendleko, kubandakanya:
Inzuzo yeendleko zotyalo-mali: Emva kweminyaka yophuhliso, i-China yenze inkqubo yemizi-mveliso esele ivuthiwe. Iindleko zokuthengwa kwezixhobo zekhemikhali, ukufakwa, ukwakhiwa kunye namanye amagalelo angaphantsi kwamazwe aphuhlileyo.
Inzuzo yeendleko zempahla ekrwada: Izixhobo eziphambili zeekhemikhali zaseTshayina zizuze ukuzimela kwaye kwanemeko yokubonelela ngokugqithisileyo, inokuqinisekisa ukubonelela ngezinto eziphantsi kwexabiso eliphantsi;
Inzuzo yeendleko zabasebenzi: Xa kuthelekiswa namazwe aphuhlileyo, abasebenzi beR&d baseTshayina nabasebenzi bemizi-mveliso bahlawula umsantsa omkhulu kumazwe aphuhlileyo.

(4) Imigangatho yokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo iya iba ngqongqo kwaye amashishini angasemva ayapheliswa
Imo engqongileyo elungileyo yenye yezinto ezifunekayo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo loqoqosho lwesizwe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhulumente ubeke phambili iimfuno eziphezulu kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nemigangatho engqongqo yokukhuselwa kwendalo.
Amanzi amdaka, irhasi eyinkunkuma kunye nenkunkuma eqinileyo eveliswe kwinkqubo yokuveliswa koshishino lweekhemikhali ezintle ziya kuba neqondo elithile lempembelelo kubume bendalo. Ke ngoko, amashishini emichiza elungileyo kufuneka anikele ingqalelo ekukhuselweni kwendalo, alawule ngokufanelekileyo ungcoliseko olukhoyo, kwaye aphumeze ngokungqongqo imigangatho yesizwe ekhutshwayo.
Ukuphuculwa kweemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kuluncedo kushishino lwemichiza ukomeleza uphando kunye nophuhliso lweemveliso ezinobungani kokusingqongileyo, ukomeleza ukukhuphisana kwemveliso, ukuphelisa amashishini angasemva, ukuze lenze ukhuphiswano olulungeleleneyo lweshishini.