Ukwaleka okungangeni manzi luhlobo lwezinto ezenziwe ngepolymer yolwelo oluqinileyo olungenamilo ithile kubushushu begumbi. Emva kokwaleka, ukwaleka okuqinileyo okungangeni manzi kunokwenziwa kumphezulu wesiseko ngokufuma kwe-solvent, ukufuma kwamanzi okanye ukuphilisa i-reaction. Ukwaleka okungangeni manzi okwakhiwa kuquka ukwaleka okungangeni manzi kwe-silicone, ukwaleka okungangeni manzi kwerabha ye-silicone, ukwaleka okungangeni manzi kwekristale okusekwe kwisamente, ukwaleka okungangeni manzi kwebhulorho yokukhusela okusingqongileyo okusekwe emanzini. Imigangatho yokusebenza efana nokuguquguquka kobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokungangeni manzi inokuvavanywa ngeendlela ezithile zovavanyo.

1. Jonga ipeyinti engangeni manzi yokwakha! Uhlobo 1 lwepeyinti engangeni manzi yokwakha.

I-silicone waterproof coating yi-silicone resin enyibilikayo emanzini njengesixhobo esisisiseko, kusetyenziswa i-emulsion yobuchwephesha obuphezulu eyenziwe nge-building water coating. I-silicone waterproof coating yi-water-emulsion water-emulsion eyenziwe nge-silicone raber emulsion okanye enye i-emulsion njengesixhobo esisisiseko, enamanzi, i-weapon filler kunye nezinye izixhobo ezincedisayo. I-coating ineempawu ezibalaseleyo zezinto ezingangeni manzi nezingenamanzi, kwaye inokumelana kakuhle kwamanzi, ukungena kwamanzi, ukwakheka kwefilimu, ukuthamba, ukutywina, ukwandiswa kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphantsi.

2. I-silicone yerabha engangeni manzi yokwambathisa irabha

Irabha engangeni manzi luhlobo lwengubo engangeni manzi esekwe emanzini ene-silicone rubber emulsion kunye nezinye izinto ezintsonkothileyo ze-emulsion njengesixhobo esiphambili, yongeza i-inorganic filler, i-crosslinking agent, i-catalyst, i-reinforcement agent, i-defoamer kunye nezinye izongezo zeekhemikhali. Le mveliso inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokugquma okungangeni manzi kunye nengubo engangeni manzi egcweleyo, enokumelana namanzi, ukuvuleka, ukwakheka kwefilimu, ukuthamba, ukutywina kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphantsi. Ukuguquguquka kokuguquguquka kwesiseko kuqinile, kunzulu kwisiseko, kwaye indibaniselwano yesiseko iqinile. Ukugaya ngobunjineli, ukupolisha, ukutshiza kulula, isantya sokwenza ifilimu sikhawuleza. Ingasetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwesiseko esimanzi, ayinatyhefu, ayinancasa, ayitshi, ikhuselekile kwaye inokuthenjwa, inemibala eyahlukeneyo yepeyinti engangeni manzi, kulula ukuyigcina. Ingubo engangeni manzi yerabha ye-silicone luhlobo lwengubo engangeni manzi ye-emulsion enamanzi njengendlela yokusasazwa. Emva kokuphelelwa ngamanzi kunye nokuqina, iikhompawundi zepolymer ezinesakhiwo senethiwekhi ziyakhiwa. Emva kokuba umphezulu womaleko ngamnye wesiseko ugqunywe ngengubo engangeni manzi, uxinano lwamasuntswana luyanda kwaye ukufuma kuyalahleka ngokungena kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi. Njengoko inkqubo yokomisa iqhubeka, amanzi agqithisileyo ayalahleka kwaye amasuntswana e-emulsion adibana kancinci kwaye ajije. Phantsi kwesenzo sokudibanisa kunye ne-catalyst, kwenziwa i-crosslinking reaction, kwaye ekugqibeleni kwenziwa ifilimu eqhubekayo yerabha efanayo nexineneyo.

Ngophuhliso lwezigqubuthelo ezingangeni manzi zendalo, nezigqubuthelo ezingangeni manzi zezixhobo nazo ziyaphuhliswa. Okwangoku, izigqubuthelo ezingangeni manzi zendalo ziye zaba yindawo ephambili yophando. Le yenye yezona zinto ziphambili ekuphuhlisweni kwezinto zokusingqongileyo kwinkulungwane yama-21.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeengubo zokuthintela amanzi ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo: iingubo zokuthintela amanzi ezigqunywe nge-coated kunye neengubo zokuthintela amanzi ezigqunywe nge-crystalline.

1. Kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa nokuphuhliswa kobunjineli, kuqala kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-crystalline waterproof coating esekelwe kwisamente ukuze kungeniswe amanzi kumphezulu wangaphakathi wesakhiwo. Ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwizityalo zonyango lwelindle, kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi amdaka kunye nezinye iiprojekthi ezifanayo.

Ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1960, njengendlela esebenzayo yokuthintela amanzi emva kwezakhiwo zekhonkrithi (indlela yokuthintela amanzi ngaphakathi), uphahla olusebenzisa isamente olungenamanzi olusebenzisa isamente luye lwanda kancinci kancinci uhlobo lwalo lwaza lwangena kwicandelo elitsha lokusetyenziswa kubunjineli bokwakha. Okwangoku, uphahla olusebenzisa isamente olusebenzisa isamente olusebenzisa isamente lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwizakhiwo ezingaphantsi komhlaba zezakhiwo zoshishino nezoluntu, oololiwe bothutho lukawonke-wonke, iindlela zokupaka iibhulorho, izityalo zamanzi okusela, izityalo zonyango lwelindle, izitishi zamanzi, izitishi zamandla enyukliya, iiprojekthi zokugcina amanzi kunye nezinye iindawo. Ukungena kwamanzi kakuhle, ukunamathela okuqinileyo, ukumelana nokugqwala kwentsimbi, ukungabi nabungozi emzimbeni womntu, ulwakhiwo olulula.

2. Uphahla olungangeni manzi olusekelwe emanzini olukhusela indalo, luhlobo olutsha lophahla olungangeni manzi olusebenzisa ibhulorho, oluneengenelo zokunyibilika kakuhle kwamanzi, olungenatyhefu, olungenangcoliseko, olunamandla aphezulu okubopha, oluthambileyo, uluhlu olubanzi lobushushu obuphezulu noluphantsi, ixabiso eliphantsi, njl. Le mveliso yenziwe nge-asphalt yepetroleum esemgangathweni ophezulu njengezinto ezisisiseko, izinto zerabha zepolymer njenge-modifier kunye namanzi njengesixhobo. Yenziwa yi-catalyst, i-cross-linking, i-emulsification kunye nezinye iiteknoloji, ezitshintsha inkqubo yemveliso yendabuko.

3. Iingenelo eziphambili: Umlinganiselo wezinto zokwambathisa okanye i-polymer emulsion kwisamente unokulungiswa ukuze uhlangabezane neemfuno zokuguquguquka kunye namandla eeprojekthi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye indlela yokwakha ilula. Olu hlobo lokugquma manzi lusebenzisa amanzi njengesisasazi ukusombulula ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo kunye nomonakalo kwimpilo yabantu wokugquma manzi okusekelwe kwisinyibilikisi njenge-tar kunye ne-asphalt. Ke ngoko, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kwaye ibe yinkwenkwezi ekhulayo kwizinto ezingangeni manzi.

4. Ingubo yodonga yangaphandle ye-silicone acrylic Ingubo yodonga yangaphandle ye-silicone sisifinyezo sengubo yodonga yangaphandle ye-silicone acrylic. Yingubo entsha yodonga yangaphandle ekumgangatho ophezulu enokumelana nemozulu enamandla (ubomi benkonzo obungaphezu kweminyaka eli-10) kunye nongcoliseko olunamandla. Isetyenziswa kakhulu njengengubo engangeni manzi. Ipeyinti ye-latex ayinatyhefu, ayinangcoliseko kwindalo kwaye ayinabungozi emzimbeni womntu. Izixhobo zokwakha ezihlangabezana neemfuno zangoku zendalo ziimveliso zokutshintshwa kwengubo. Indlela yovavanyo lwengubo engangeni manzi ye-polyurethane 1.

1. Ukuvelisa. Vavanya izixhobo zokupolisha: iitemplate zokugquma; Ibhokisi yokomisa ngombane: ukuchaneka kolawulo 2.

2. Inqanaba lovavanyo:

(1) Ngaphambi kovavanyo, izikhonkwane, izixhobo kunye nepeyinti kufuneka zibekwe phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo eziqhelekileyo kangangeeyure ezingaphezu kwama-24.

(2) Linganisa ubungakanani besampulu efunekayo ukuqinisekisa ubukhulu bokugqibela bokugquma (1.50.2) mm.

(3) Qesha isixhobo esinye sokuvavanya ukuze udibanise ipeyinti engatshiyo ngokulinganayo, ulinganise ngokuchanekileyo ipeyinti engatshiyo enolwelo oluninzi ngokwemigaqo yomenzi, uze udibanise isixhobo sokuvavanya ngokulinganayo. Ngokwemfuneko, ubungakanani bomxube bunokuba sisiphumo esichazwe ngumenzi, kwaye xa ubungakanani bomxube bukwinqanaba elithile, ixabiso eliphakathi lingasetyenziswa.

(4) Emva kokuba imveliso ixutyiwe, yixube ngokupheleleyo imizuzu emi-5, ugalele kwibhokisi yokudibanisa ukuze ungaxubi amaqamza. Isakhelo sokubumba asiyi kuguquka kwaye umphezulu uthambile. Ukuze kube lula ukulahleka kweenwele, ungaqala ngokunyanga ngesixhobo sokususa iinwele ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise. Ngokweemfuno zomenzi, isampuli kufuneka ipeyintwe ngaphezu kwesinye (ukuya kuthi ga kwizihlandlo ezi-3), kwaye isithuba ngasinye singadluli kwiiyure ezingama-24. Umphezulu kufuneka ulinganiswe okokugqibela uze unyangwe.

(5) Iimeko zokunyanga xa kulungiselelwa ukugquma: ukugquma ngexesha elifanelekileyo njengoko kufuneka, kwaye emva kokugquma, ukugquma kuyajikwa ukuze kuthintelwe inkqubo yokugquma. Ukugquma okungekho monakalo. Ukuze kube lula ukugquma, kungenziwa kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, kodwa amaqondo obushushu okuguqulwa akufanele abe ngaphantsi kobushushu obuphantsi obuguquguqukayo.

2. Uvavanyo lokungaguquguquki.

1. Isixhobo sokuvavanya: imitha yokungangeni kwamanzi; Umgodi wokuvula yi-0.2 mm. Amanyathelo okuvavanya:

(1) Sika iisampulu ezintathu ezimalunga ne (150150) mm, uzibeke iiyure ezi-2 phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo eziqhelekileyo, ugcwalise isixhobo ngamanzi kubushushu obuyi (235), kwaye ungawukhuphi ngokupheleleyo umoya kwisixhobo.

(2) Beka isampuli kwipleyiti evulekayo, yongeza i-mesh yesinyithi enobukhulu obufanayo kwisampuli, gquma ipleyiti yokuqala enemingxuma esi-7, uze uyibambe kancinci ide isampuli ibambeke kwipleyiti. Yomisa umphezulu ongadibaniyo we-reagent ngelaphu okanye umoya ocinezelweyo uze ufake uxinzelelo kancinci kuxinzelelo oluchaziweyo.

(3) Emva kokufikelela kuxinzelelo oluchaziweyo, gcina uxinzelelo kangangemizuzu engama-302. Ukungenela kwamanzi kwisampuli kuyabonwa ngexesha lovavanyo (ukwehla ngequbuliso koxinzelelo lwamanzi okanye amanzi kumphezulu ongajonganga wesampuli).

Indlela yokuvavanya ukugquma okungangeni manzi ngePolymer:

I. Isampuli kunye nokulungiselela isampuli. Linganisa ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bezinto ezingamanzi neziqinileyo zesampuli, zibeke phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo ezisemgangathweni ngokwemilinganiselo echazwe ngumvelisi, imizuzu emi-5, uvuselele ngomatshini imizuzu emi-5, zivumele zime imizuzu eli-1 ukuya kwemi-3 ukunciphisa amaqamza, uze uzigalele kwisakhelo sesikhunta sokugquma esichazwe kwi-"Polyurethane Waterproof Coating Test Method" yokugquma. Ukuze kube lula ukukhululwa, umphezulu wefilimu unganyangwa nge-release agent. Isampuli igqunywa kabini okanye kathathu ngexesha lokulungiselela, kwaye isikhunta sokugqibela kufuneka senziwe emva kokuba isikhunta sangaphambili somile, kwaye ixesha lokuphumla leepasi ezimbini yi (12 ~ 24) h, ukuze ubukhulu besampuli bufikelele kwi (1.5 ± 0.50) mm. Umphezulu wesampuli yokugqibela egqunyweyo ukhuhlwe ngokuthe tyaba, ushiywe iiyure ezingama-96 phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, uze emva koko ungabunjwa. Isampuli esusiweyo iphathwe kwi-oven yokomisa kwicala (40 ± 2) ℃ phezulu iiyure ezingama-48, uze emva koko ibekwe kwisomisi ukuze iphole kubushushu begumbi.

uvavanyo lokungangenwa kwamanzi kabini

Isampulu elungisiweyo yanqunyulwa yaba ziingceba ezi-3 (150×150mm) emva kokunyibilika, yaza yavavanywa ngokwezixhobo zovavanyo ezimiselweyo kunye neendlela zovavanyo lokungangenwa kwamanzi. Uxinzelelo lovavanyo yayiyi-0.3MPa kwaye uxinzelelo lwagcinwa imizuzu engama-30.

Umgangatho wovavanyo wokwakha izinto zokugquma ezingangeni manzi

1. Ukwandisa Ukwandisa ikakhulu kukwenza zonke iintlobo zokwambathisa okungangeni manzi zibe nokukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokuguquguquka komaleko wesiseko, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba isiphumo sokuthintela manzi siyasebenza.

2. Ukuguquguquka kobushushu obuphantsi Ubushushu obuphezulu kakhulu buya kwenza ipeyinti ihambe kakuhle, ubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu buya kwenza ipeyinti iqhekeke, ngoko ke ukuguquguquka kobushushu obuphantsi nako kukubonisa ipeyinti.

3. Ukungangeni manzi Kwiimpawu ezilishumi eziphambili zeengubo ezingangeni manzi, ukungengeni manzi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ukuba iimfuno zomgangatho azikwazi ukufezekiswa, kuya kubakho ukuvuza ngokuthe ngqo komaleko ongangeni manzi emva kokugqitywa.

4. Umxholo oqinileyo Umxholo oqinileyo ubhekisa kumgangatho wesigaba esiqinileyo kwizinto eziludaka, nto leyo eyintloko eyenza ifilimu kwiingubo ezahlukeneyo ezingangeni manzi. Ukuba umxholo oqinileyo wepeyinti uphantsi kakhulu, umgangatho wefilimu kunzima ukuwuqinisekisa.

5. Ukumelana nobushushu phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zomoya ehlotyeni, ubushushu bomphezulu wophahla lwepeyinti yelitye bunokufikelela kwi-70 ° C, ukuba ukumelana nobushushu kwepeyinti kungaphantsi kwe-80 ° C, kwaye ayigcinwa iiyure ezi-5, ifilimu iya kuvelisa ukuhamba kwamanzi, amaqamza kunye neziganeko ezityibilikayo, ezichaphazela isiphumo sokungabi namanzi.