Ukugquma kwamanzi luhlobo lwe-viscous liquid polymer synthetic material ngaphandle kwemilo ethile kwiqondo lokushisa. Emva kokugquma, ukugquma kwe-hydrophobic eqinile kunokwakheka kwisiseko somgangatho ngokunyuka kwe-solvent evaporation, ukuphuphuma kwamanzi okanye ukunyangwa kokuphendula. Ukwaleka okungangenwa ngamanzi ukwenzela ukwakhiwa kubandakanya i-silicone yokugquma kwamanzi, i-silicone irabha ye-rubber engangeni manzi, i-samente-based penetration crystal i-coating engenamanzi, ibhulorho yokukhusela amanzi esekelwe emanzini. Imigangatho yokusebenza efana nokuguquguquka kobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokungangeni kungavavanywa ngeendlela ezithile zokuvavanya.

1. Jonga kwisakhiwo sepeyinti engenamanzi! Uhlobo loku-1 lwepeyinti yokwakhiwa kwamanzi.

I-silicone yokugquma kwamanzi yi-resin ye-silicone enyibilikayo emanzini njengesiseko semathiriyeli, isebenzisa i-emulsion ye-high-tech eyenziwe ngesakhiwo sokugquma kwamanzi. I-Silicone yokugquma kwamanzi i-emulsion yamanzi i-emulsion yamanzi eyenziwe nge-emulsion ye-rubber ye-silicone okanye enye i-emulsion njengesiseko sezinto eziphathekayo, ngamanzi, isithambiso sezixhobo kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo ezincedisayo. Ukwaleka kuneempawu ezibalaseleyo zokungangeni kwamanzi kunye nokungena kwamanzi, kwaye inokumelana namanzi okugqwesileyo, ukunyanzeliswa, ukubunjwa kwefilimu, ukuqina, ukutywinwa, ukunweba kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphantsi.

2. I-silicon yerabha yerabha engangeni manzi yokugquma isilicon

I-Rubber yokugquma kwamanzi luhlobo oluthile lokugquma kwamanzi olusekelwe emanzini kunye ne-silicone emulsion yerabha kunye nezinye i-emulsion complex njengesixhobo esiphambili, ukongeza i-inorganic filler, i-agent ye-crosslinking, i-catalyst, i-agent yokuqinisa, i-defoamer kunye nezinye izongezo zemichiza. Imveliso inentsebenzo egqwesileyo yomibini egqunyiweyo yokugqunywa kwamanzi kunye nokugquma kwamanzi, kunye nokuxhathisa kwamanzi, ukunyanzeliswa, ukubunjwa kwefilimu, ukuqina, ukutywinwa kunye nokumelana nokushisa okuphantsi. Ukulungelelaniswa kokuguqulwa kwesiseko kunamandla, kunzulu kwisiseko, kwaye indibaniselwano yesiseko iqinile. Ubunjineli bokugaya, ukupolisha, ukutshiza kulungele, isantya sokwenza ifilimu siyakhawuleza. Ingasetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwesiseko esimanzi, i-non-toxic, i-tasteless, engatshiyo, ikhuselekile kwaye inokwethenjelwa, enemibala eyahlukeneyo yepeyinti engenamanzi, kulula ukuyigcina. Irabha ye-Silicone yokugquma kwamanzi luhlobo oluthile lwe-emulsion yamanzi yokugquma ngamanzi njengendlela yokusabalalisa. Emva kokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokuqina, i-polymer compounds kunye nesakhiwo senethiwekhi zenziwe. Emva kokuba umphezulu woluhlu lwesiseko ngasinye lufakwe kwi-coating engenamanzi, i-particle density yanda kwaye i-fluidity ilahlekile ngokungena kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi. Njengoko inkqubo yokumisa iqhubeka, amanzi amaninzi alahlekile kwaye amaqhekeza e-emulsion adibanisa ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye adibanise. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo se-crosslinking kunye ne-catalyst, ukuphendulwa kwe-crosslinking kwenziwa, kwaye ekugqibeleni ifilimu efanayo kunye ne-dense ye-raber elastic eqhubekayo yenziwa.

Ngokuphuhliswa kwezinto zokugquma ezingangeni manzi, ukugqunywa kwezixhobo zokungangeni manzi kukwaphuhliswa. Okwangoku, izinto zokugquma ezingangeni manzi ziye zaba yindawo yophando. Yenye yengqwalasela yophuhliso lwezixhobo zokusingqongileyo kwinkulungwane yama-21.

Kukho iindidi ezimbini zokugquma kwezixhobo zokukhusela amanzi: iingubo zokukhusela amanzi kunye ne-penetrant crystalline yokungena emanzini.

1. Kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa kobunjineli kunye nophuhliso, okokuqala kukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa i-cement-based penetrant crystalline i-coating engenamanzi ukuze ingabi namanzi kwindawo yangaphakathi yesakhiwo. Ngokukodwa ezifanelekileyo kwizityalo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, amachibi ahlala phezulu kunye nezinye iiprojekthi ezifanayo.

Ukususela kwiminyaka yee-1960, njengendlela esebenzayo yokukhusela amanzi ngasemva kwezakhiwo zekhonkrithi (indlela yokukhusela amanzi yangaphakathi), i-samente-based penetrant crystalline i-coating yokukhusela amanzi iye yandisa ngokuthe ngcembe iindidi zayo kwaye yangena kwintsimi entsha yesicelo kubunjineli bokwakha. Okwangoku, i-samente-based permeable crystalline crystalline coatings engangenwa ngamanzi isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwizakhiwo ezingaphantsi komhlaba zezakhiwo zoshishino kunye nezoluntu, umzila kaloliwe wezothutho zikawonke-wonke, ibhulorho yokugalela, izityalo zamanzi okusela, iindawo zokucoca ugutyulo, izikhululo zamandla ombane, izikhululo zamandla enyukliya, iiprojekthi zogcino lwamanzi kunye nezinye. amasimi. Ukungena kakuhle, ukunamathela okuqinileyo, ukuxhathisa kwentsimbi, ukungabi nabungozi kumzimba womntu, ukwakhiwa okulula.

2. Ibhulorho yokhuselo lokusingqongileyo esekelwe ngamanzi ibhulorho yokugquma kwamanzi luhlobo olutsha lwebhulorho yokugquma kwamanzi, enenzuzo yokunyibilika kakuhle kwamanzi, i-non-toxic, i-pollution-free, amandla aphezulu ebhondi, ukuqina okulungileyo, uluhlu olubanzi lobushushu obuphezulu kunye noluphantsi. , ixabiso eliphantsi, njl. Le mveliso yenziwe nge-asphalt ye-petroleum ephezulu njengesiseko sezinto eziphathekayo, i-rubber polymer material njenge-modifier kunye namanzi njengento ephakathi. Iveliswa yi-catalyst, cross-linking, emulsification kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe, obutshintsha inkqubo yemveli yokuvelisa.

3. Iinzuzo eziphambili: Umlinganiselo wezinto zokugquma i-ar polymer emulsion kwisamente inokulungelelaniswa ukuhlangabezana nokuguquguquka kunye neemfuno zamandla kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye indlela yokwakha ifanelekile. Olu hlobo lokugquma olungangenwa manzi lusebenzisa amanzi njenge-dispersant ukusombulula ungcoliseko lwendalo esingqongileyo kunye nokwenzakala kwimpilo yabantu ngokugqunywa kwamanzi okunyibilikisa okufana netela kunye ne-asphalt. Ngoko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kwaye ibe yinkwenkwezi ekhulayo kwizinto ezingenamanzi.

4. I-Silicone acrylic yangaphandle yokwaleka eludongeni I-silicone yangaphandle yokwaleka eludongeni sisishunqulelo se-silicone yokwaleka eludongeni lwangaphandle. Ludonga olutsha olukumgangatho ophezulu lwangaphandle olunokumelana nemozulu eyomeleleyo (ubomi benkonzo obungaphezu kweminyaka eli-10) kunye nongcoliseko olunamandla. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengento yokugquma amanzi. Ipeyinti ye-latex ayinayo ityhefu, ayinangcoliseko kwindalo kwaye ayinabungozi emzimbeni womntu. Izinto zokwakha ezihlangabezana neemfuno zangoku zokusingqongileyo ziyimveliso yokutshintshwa kweengubo. Indlela yokuvavanya i-Polyurethane yokungena kwamanzi kwindlela yoku-1.

1. Ukwenziwa kwemveliso. Izixhobo zokupholisha zokuvavanya: iitemplates zokugquma; Ibhokisi yokomisa umoya yombane: ulawulo oluchanekileyo 2.

2. Inqanaba lovavanyo:

(1) Phambi kovavanyo, imivumbo, izixhobo kunye nepeyinti kufuneka zibekwe phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo olusemgangathweni ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-24.

(2) Ukulinganisa ubungakanani besampulu efunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubukhulu bokugqibela bokugquma (1.50.2) mm.

3 Ngokwesidingo, isixa se-diluent sinokuba yimali echazwe ngumenzi, kwaye xa inani le-diluent likuluhlu, ixabiso eliphakathi linokusetyenziswa.

(4) Emva kokuba imveliso ixutywe, xuba ngokupheleleyo imizuzu emi-5, uthele kwibhokisi yoqhagamshelwano ukuze ugweme ukuxuba ama-bubbles. Isakhelo sokubumba asiyi kuguqulwa kwaye umphezulu ugudile. Ukuze kube lula ukulahleka kweenwele, unokuqala ukunyanga nge-arhente yokususa iinwele ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo. Ngokweemfuno zomenzi, isampuli kufuneka ipeyinti ngaphezu kweyodwa (ukuya kumaxesha ama-3), kunye nekhefu ngalinye lingadluli kwi-24h. Umphezulu kufuneka ulinganiswe okokugqibela uze unyangeke.

(5) Iimeko zokunyanga zokulungiswa kokugquma: ukudilizwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo njengoko kufuneka, kwaye emva kokudilizwa, ukugquma kuguqulwe ukunyangwa ukuphepha inkqubo yokudiliza. Ukugquma okungonakalisi. Ukuze kube lula demoulding, oko kunokwenziwa kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, kodwa iqondo lobushushu demoulding akufanele kube ngaphantsi kwe iqondo lobushushu eliphantsi bhetyebhetye.

2. Uvavanyo lokungakwazi ukungena.

1. Isixhobo sokuvavanya: imitha yokungabi namanzi; Indawo yokuvula yi-0.2 mm. Amanyathelo ovavanyo:

(1) Sika iisampuli ezintathu malunga (150150) mm, zibeke i-2h phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo eziqhelekileyo, ugcwalise isixhobo ngamanzi kubushushu obungu- (235), kwaye ungabandakanyi ngokupheleleyo umoya kwisixhobo.

(2) Beka umfuziselo kwipleyiti engenekayo, yongeza umnatha wesinyithi olingana nobukhulu obufanayo kumzekelo, ugqume ipleyiti yoqobo enemingxuma esi-7, kwaye ubambe kancinci de umfuziselo ubanjelwe kwipleyiti. Yomisa indawo engabonakaliyo ye-reagent ngelaphu okanye umoya ocinezelweyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza usebenzise uxinzelelo kuxinzelelo oluchaziweyo.

(3) Emva kokufikelela kuxinzelelo oluchaziweyo, gcina uxinzelelo (302) min. Ukunyanzeliswa kwamanzi kwisampuli kubonwa ngexesha lovavanyo (ukwehla ngokukhawuleza kuxinzelelo lwamanzi okanye kumanzi kwindawo engajonganga kwisampulu).

Indlela yokuvavanya ukugquma kwamanzi ePolymer:

I. Isampuli kunye nokulungiswa kwesampula. Yenza umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wolwelo kunye nezinto eziqinileyo zesampulu, uzibeke phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo ezisemgangathweni ngokomlinganiselo ochazwe ngumenzi, kangangemizuzu emi-5, ushukuma ngoomatshini kangangemizuzu emi-5, bayeke bame imizuzu emi-1 ukuya kwemi-3 ukunciphisa amaqamu, emva koko uwagalele kwisakhelo sokubumba sokugquma esichazwe kwi-"Polyurethane Waterproof Coating Test Method" yokwaleka. Ukuze kube lula ukukhululwa, umphezulu wefilimu unokunyangwa nge-arhente yokukhululwa. Isampuli ifakwe kabini okanye kathathu ngexesha lokulungiselela, kwaye i-coating yokugqibela kufuneka iqhutywe emva kokuba i-coating yangaphambili isomisiwe, kwaye ixesha lekhefu leepasi ezimbini (12 ~ 24) h, ukwenzela ukuba ubukhulu besampulu bufikelele ( 1.5±0.50) mm. Umphezulu wesampulu yokugqibela egqunyiweyo ukhutshiwe umcaba, ushiywe i-96h phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, emva koko ungabunjwa. Isampulu ediliziweyo yaphathwa kwi-oveni yokumisa (40 ± 2) ℃ icala phezulu iiyure ezingama-48, emva koko ibekwe kwindawo yokomisa ukupholisa kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi.

ezimbini Uvavanyo lokunganyanzeki kwamanzi

Isampulu elungisiweyo yasikwa ibe ngamaqhekeza ama-3 (150 × 150mm) emva kokunyanga, kwaye yavavanywa ngokwezixhobo zovavanyo ezimiselweyo kunye neendlela zovavanyo lokunganyanzeki. Uxinzelelo lovavanyo lwaluyi-0.3MPa kwaye uxinzelelo lugcinwe kwi-30min.

Umgangatho wokuvavanya wokwakha iileyiti ezingenamanzi

1. Ukwandiswa Ukwandiswa ikakhulu kukwenza zonke iintlobo zokugquma kwamanzi zibe nekhono elithile lokuziqhelanisa nokuguqulwa komgangatho wesiseko, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe umphumo ongenamanzi.

2. Ukuguquguquka kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi Ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kuya kwenza ukuhamba kwepeyinti, ukushisa okuphantsi kakhulu kuya kwenza ipeyinti iqhekeke, ngoko ke ukuguquguquka kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kwakhona kuyisalathisi esisisiseko sepeyinti.

3. Ukungathobeki Kwiimpawu ezilishumi eziphezulu zokugquma kwamanzi, ukunganyanzeki kukusebenza okubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba iimfuno zomgangatho azikwazi ukufezekiswa, kuya kubakho ukuvuza ngokuthe ngqo kwoluhlu olungenamanzi emva kokugqitywa.

4. Umxholo oqinileyo Umxholo oqinileyo ubhekiselele kumgangatho wesigaba esiqinileyo kumacandelo e-slurry, eyona nto iphambili yokwenza ifilimu yezinto ezahlukeneyo zokugquma kwamanzi. Ukuba umxholo oqinileyo wepeyinti uphantsi kakhulu, umgangatho wefilimu unzima ukuqinisekiswa.

5. Ukumelana nobushushu phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zomoya ehlotyeni, iqondo lobushushu bomhlaba wepeyinti ye-rock sheet linokufikelela kuma-70 ° C, ukuba ukuchasana nobushushu bepeyinti kungaphantsi kwe-80 ° C, kwaye ayigcinwanga i-5. iiyure, ngoko ifilimu iya kuvelisa ukuhamba, amaqamza kunye neziganeko ze-sliding, ezichaphazela umphumo wokungangeni kwamanzi.