Indlela yokuphucula ukudaya ngokukhawuleza kwamalaphu ashicilelweyo nadayiwe ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemfuno eyandayo yentengiso yelaphu elilukiweyo ibe sisihloko sophando kushicilelo kunye neshishini lokudaya. Ngokukodwa, ukukhanya okukhawulezayo kweedayi ezisebenzayo kwiilaphu ezinombala okhanyayo, ukuxubha okumanzi ngokukhawuleza kweempahla ezimnyama kunye ezixineneyo; ukuhla ngokukhawuleza unyango olumanzi olubangelwa ukufuduka kwe-thermal ye-disperse dyes emva kokudaya; kunye nokukhawuleza kweklorini ephezulu, ukubila-ukukhanya ngokukhawuleza Ukukhawuleza njl.

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela ukukhawuleza kombala, kwaye kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuphucula ukukhawuleza kombala. Ukutyhubela iminyaka yokusebenza kwemveliso, iingcali zokuprinta kunye nokudaya ziye zahlola ekukhetheni ukudaya okufanelekileyo kunye nezongezo zekhemikhali, ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokudaya kunye nokugqiba, kunye nokomeleza ulawulo lwenkqubo. Ezinye iindlela kunye nemilinganiselo yamkelwe ukwandisa kunye nokuphucula ukukhawuleza kombala ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, elihlangabezana nemfuno yemarike.

Ukukhanya okulula kweedayi ezisebenzayo amalaphu anombala okhanyayo

Njengoko sonke sisazi, iidayi ezisebenzayo ezidaywe kwimicu yomqhaphu zihlaselwa yimisebe ye-ultraviolet phantsi kokukhanya kwelanga, kwaye i-chromophores okanye i-auxochromes kwisakhiwo sedayi iya konakaliswa ngamaqondo ahlukeneyo, okukhokelela ekutshintsheni kombala okanye umbala okhanyayo, okuyingxaki yokuKhanya ngokukhawuleza.

imigangatho yelizwe lam sele ibalule ukukhanya okukhawulezayo kweedayi ezisebenzayo. Ngokomzekelo, i-GB/T411-93 i-cotton yokushicilela kunye nomgangatho wendwangu yokudaya ichaza ukuba ukukhanya okukhawulezayo kweedayi ezisebenzayo yi-4-5, kunye nokukhanya okukhanyayo kweendwangu eziprintiweyo yi-4; I-GB /T5326 edityanisiweyo yepolyester-umqhaphu odityanisiweyo woshicilelo kunye nomgangatho welaphu lokudaya kunye neFZ/T14007-1998 umqhaphu wepolyester odityanisiweyo woshicilelo kunye nomgangatho welaphu lokudaya zombini zixela ukuba ukukhanya okukhawulezayo kwelaphu elidayiweyo / elisebenzayo likwinqanaba lesi-4, kwaye ilaphu eliprintiweyo likwakwinqanaba lesi-4. 4. Kunzima kwiidayi ezisebenzayo ukudaya amalaphu aprintiweyo anombala okhanyayo ukuhlangabezana nalo mgangatho.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwesakhiwo sematrix yedayi kunye nokukhanya okulula

Ukukhanya okukhawulezayo kweedayi ezisebenzayo ikakhulu kuhambelana nesakhiwo sematrix yedayi. I-70-75% yesakhiwo se-matrix yeedayi ezisebenzayo luhlobo lwe-azo, kwaye ezinye luhlobo lwe-anthraquinone, uhlobo lwe-phthalocyanine kunye nohlobo lwe-A. Uhlobo lwe-azo lunokukhanya okungahambi kakuhle, kwaye uhlobo lwe-anthraquinone, uhlobo lwe-phthalocyanine, kunye nezikhonkwane zinokukhawuleza kokukhanya okungcono. Isakhiwo se-molecular ye-yellow reactive dyes yi-azo type. Imizimba yemibala yomzali yi-pyrazolone kunye ne-naphthalene trisulfonic acid okona kukhanya ngokukhawuleza. Iidayi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zi-anthraquinone, i-phthalocyanine, kunye nesakhiwo somzali. Ukukhanya okukhawulezayo kugqwesileyo, kunye nesakhiwo semolekyuli yedayi ebomvu ye-spectrum esebenzayo yi-azo type.

Ukukhanya ngokukhawuleza kuphantsi, ngakumbi kwimibala ekhanyayo.

Ubudlelwane phakathi koxinaniso lokudaya kunye nokukhawuleza kokukhanya
Ukukhawuleza okukhanyayo kweesampulu ezidayiweyo kuya kuhluka kunye nokutshintsha koxinzelelo lokudaya. Iisampulu ezidaywe ngedayi efanayo kwifayibha enye, ukukhanya kwayo ngokukhawuleza kuyanda ngokunyuka koxinaniso lokudaya, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba idayi ikwi Ibangelwa lutshintsho kubungakanani bokuhanjiswa kwamasuntswana ahlanganisiweyo kwifiber.

Inkulu i-aggregate particles, incinci indawo ngeyunithi yobunzima bedayi evezwe kumswakama womoya, kunye nokuphakama kokukhanya kokukhanya.
Ukunyuka koxinzelelo lokudaya kuya kwandisa umlinganiselo wee-aggregates ezinkulu kwifiber, kwaye ukukhawuleza kokukhanya kuya kwanda ngokufanelekileyo. Ukugxininiswa kokudaya kwempahla enemibala ekhanyayo iphantsi, kwaye umlinganiselo wedayi udibanisa kwifiber uphantsi. Uninzi lwedayi lukwimo yemolekyuli enye, oko kukuthi, iqondo lokubola kwedayi kwifiber liphezulu kakhulu. Imolekyuli nganye inethuba elifanayo lokuba ibe sesichengeni sokukhanya nomoya. , Isiphumo somswakama, ukukhawuleza kokukhanya kuyancipha kwakhona.

I-ISO/105B02-1994 ukukhawuleza kokukhanya okusemgangathweni kwahlulwe kuvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwebanga le-1-8, umgangatho welizwe lam lahlulahlulwe kuvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwenqanaba le-1-8, i-AATCC16-1998 okanye i-AATCC20AFU yokukhanya okusemgangathweni oqhelekileyo ukwahlulwe kuvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwebakala le-1-5. .

Amanyathelo okuphucula ukukhawuleza kokukhanya

1. Ukukhethwa kwedayi kuchaphazela amalaphu anombala okhanyayo
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekukhanyeni ukukhanya yidayi ngokwayo, ngoko ke ukhetho lwedayi lubaluleke kakhulu.
Xa ukhetha iidayi zokumatanisa umbala, qiniseka ukuba inqanaba lokukhanya kokukhanya kwedayi nganye ekhethiweyo liyalingana, nje ukuba nayiphi na inxalenye, ngakumbi icandelo elinesixa esincinci, ayinakufikelela kukukhanya kokukhanya kombala okhanyayo. izinto ezidayiweyo Iimfuno zemathiriyeli edayiweyo yokugqibela aziyi kuhlangabezana nomgangatho wokuzila ukukhanya.

2. Eminye imilinganiselo
Isiphumo seedayi ezidadayo.
Ukudaya kunye nesepha ayicokisekanga, kwaye iidayi ezingalungiswanga kunye nedayi ye-hydrolyzed eseleyo kwilaphu nayo iya kuchaphazela ukukhanya kokukhanya kwezinto ezidayiweyo, kwaye ukukhawuleza kwabo kokukhanya kuphantsi kakhulu kunoko kwedayi esebenzayo esisigxina.
Okukhona isepha isenziwa ngokucokisekileyo, kokukhona ukukhawuleza ukukhanya.

Impembelelo ye-ejenti yokulungisa kunye ne-softener.
I-Cationic low-molecular-weight okanye i-polyamine-condensed resin type fixing agent kunye ne-cationic softener zisetyenziselwa ukugqiba ilaphu, eliya kunciphisa ukukhanya kokukhanya kweemveliso ezidayiweyo.
Ngoko ke, xa ukhetha ii-agent zokulungisa kunye ne-softeners, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwimpembelelo yabo ekukhanyeni ukukhanya kweemveliso ezidayiweyo.

Iimpembelelo ze-UV absorbers.
I-Absorber ye-Ultraviolet idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiilaphu ezidaywe ezikhanyayo ukuphucula ukukhanya ngokukhawuleza, kodwa kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwisixa esikhulu ukuze zibe nefuthe elithile, elingagcini nje ukunyusa iindleko, kodwa libangela ukuba i-yellowing kunye nomonakalo onamandla kwilaphu, ngoko ke. kungcono ukuba ungayisebenzisi le ndlela.