Njengoko kwaxelwa kwangaphambili ngamajelo eendaba okuqala, ubhubhane eIndiya awusalawuleki kwaphela.
Kutshanje, ngokutsho kweendaba zaseIndiya, ukusukela ngo-Epreli kulo nyaka linani nje lamatyala aqinisekisiweyo angaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3.1 zamatyala amatsha aseIndiya axela, kutshanje, amatyala aqinisekisiweyo avuselelwe imihla ngemihla kwaye iIndiya ikwiiyure ezingama-24 kunye namatyala amatsha angaphezu kwama-314000, nangona emva kokuba amatyala okuqala e-United States, ilizwe elikhulu kwihlabathi liphela, elo lonyuka ngosuku olunye.

Inkqubo yezempilo yaseIndiya iyawohloka njengoko ubhubhane usiya usiba mandundu.
I-India, elilizwe lesibini ngobukhulu kwihlabathi elinamatyala aqinisekisiweyo esi sifo, kulindeleke ukuba yamkele umgaqo-nkqubo ongqongqo ngakumbi wokuthintela ubhubhane.

Ngokuphathelele oku, abantu kwimarike yaseIndiya baxhalabile ukuba iIndiya "iza kuphinda iimpazamo ezifanayo" kwaye iphinda ukwehla okukhulu koqoqosho okubangelwe kukuvalwa kobhubhane ngo-2020. Ishishini lempahla liya kuqhubeka nokuyeka ukwenziwa kunye nokucubungula, kwaye kuya kuba nzima "ukuphinda" uthotho lweshishini lempahla ukusuka eIndiya ukuya eTshayina.

Umfanekiso

Isitya serayisi sesinyithi asiqinisekiswanga!
Ishishini le-trillion-yuan linikezelwa eTshayina

Iinkxalabo zabathathi-nxaxheba kwimarike eIndiya azikho ngqiqweni. I-India yeyona mveliso inkulu yekotoni ehlabathini, yeyona mveliso inkulu yejute kwaye ishishini lempahla ngelaphu libalulekile kuqoqosho lwayo.

Njengoko iIndiya, umvelisi wempahla yelaphu wesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni, inabemi abaninzi kwaye ikwindawo entle yokuphuhlisa amashishini anzima, ngokwedatha yoluntu.
I-India ibandakanya phantse ama-25 ekhulwini emveliso yentambo yehlabathi kunye nenxalenye yesithathu yemveliso yehlabathi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe ngumvelisi wesibini ngobukhulu wesilika ehlabathini.
Impahla yelaphu yenye yezona zinto zingenisa imali eninzi kwamanye amazwe eIndiya, imalunga ne-15 ekhulwini yezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kweli lizwe.

Njengeshishini lendabuko, ishishini lempahla zelaphu laseIndiya beliqhubeka likhula kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Ngowama-2019, ubungakanani bemarike yempahla zelaphu nempahla eIndiya bukhulu kakhulu, bufikelela kwi-150 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, kwaye ezinye iingcali ziqikelela ukuba kwixesha elizayo iya kufikelela kwi-250 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi, ubungakanani bemarike ye-trillion-yuan.

Umfanekiso

Ngokwezibalo, ngo-2019, imisebenzi ethe ngqo nengathanga ngqo ezizigidi ezili-121 yadalwa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe ngumboneleli wemisebenzi wesibini ngobukhulu eIndiya emva kwezolimo.
Ishishini lempahla lithatha malunga ne-2% yemveliso yasekhaya yaseIndiya kwaye litsale utyalo-mali lwangaphandle oluxabisa phantse i-$3bn kwimarike phakathi kowama-2000 nowama-2018.

Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lweshishini lempahla eIndiya luye lwafikelelwa kwinqanaba lokuma ngenxa yobhubhane.
Emva kokuqhambuka kobhubhane ekuqaleni kuka-2020, iIndiya kwafuneka ithathe amanyathelo okuvala lonke ilizwe, kwaye iIndiya “yavalwa” ngenxa yobhubhane, nto leyo eyabangela “ukuvalwa” koqoqosho kangangeenyanga ezintathu.
Inani elikhulu lemizi-mveliso eIndiya liye lachaphazeleka kakhulu, kwaye uqoqosho lwaseIndiya luyaqhubeka nokubandezeleka yilo bhubhane.

Ikwachaphazele kakhulu icandelo lempahla exhomekeke kubasebenzi, ilahlekelwa ziiodolo ezininzi.
Ukongeza, iikhonteyina ezinkulu ezingaphezu kwama-50,000 zishiywe zingenanto kwizibuko zaseIndiya ngenxa yokumiswa kwezithuthi.
Ngenxa yokuba kungekho ndlela yokuqalisa kwakhona imveliso, inani elikhulu lee-odolo zamazwe ngamazwe ezazifunyenwe yi-India ngaphambili azikwazanga ukuhanjiswa ngexesha, nto leyo ebangele ilahleko enkulu.

Umfanekiso

Ngokwendlela esebenza ngayo imakethi, inani elikhulu lamashishini amancinci naphakathi asebenza ngelaphu ayarhoxiswa okanye akakwazi ukwamkela ii-odolo, nto leyo ebangela ukwehla kwamathuba okuvula, ukwehla okukhulu kwengeniso yenzuzo, okanye ukubhanga, kunye nokwanda kwentswela-ngqesho.
Ukongeza, ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kophuhliso lwale bhubhane, ii-odolo ezininzi ezivela eYurophu, eMelika nakwamanye amazwe ziye zarhoxiswa okanye zadluliselwa kwamanye amazwe, okanye ukurhoxiswa okungenamkhawulo kokuthunyelwa kwezinto, nto leyo ekhokelele kwimeko yeshishini lempahla eIndiya eliye laba mandundu ngakumbi.

Ngokwedatha ye-UN ekhutshwe phakathi kowama-2020, i-India ilahlekelwe phantse yi-400 yezigidi zeerandi kurhwebo kwiinyanga ezintandathu nje kuphela, apho malunga ne-64 yezigidi zeerandi zalahleka kwicandelo lempahla yelaphu nelempahla.

Ukongeza, emva kokuqhambuka kobhubhane wehlabathi, ukunikezelwa kwezinto zokwenza imveliso kwishishini lempahla eIndiya kuye kwaphazamiseka, kwaye ukukhangela ezinye iindlela zokwenza izinto zokwenza imveliso kunganyusa ixabiso leemveliso ezigqityiweyo, nto leyo enefuthe elibonakalayo kwintengiso.
Ukongeza, umgangatho wempahla yokunxiba ungachaphazeleka lolu tshintsho, nto leyo eshiya lonke eli shishini likwimeko yokungenzi nto.

Okwangoku, ukuthunyelwa kweempahla zelaphu eIndiya nako kuchatshazelwe kukuqhambuka kwesi sifo.
Njengoko ubhubhane usenzima kakhulu eYurophu, e-United Kingdom nase-United States, nto leyo ekude kakhulu ekufikeleleni kumgomo wokuthintela nokulawula, kwaye ezi ndawo ziyimarike eziphambili zokuthunyelwa kweempahla eIndiya, oku kwenza ukuthunyelwa kweempahla eIndiya ngaphandle kujongene nemingeni enzima.

Umfanekiso

Olu qhambuko lunempembelelo enkulu kuqoqosho lwaseIndiya.
Njengoko inkxaso-mali enikwe ngurhulumente waseIndiya ngenxa yobhubhane ingahlawulwanga ngexesha, umyalelo wamashishini achaphazelekileyo ngubhubhane uncitshisiwe kakhulu kwaye ukusinda kunzima, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezili-10 bagxothwe emsebenzini kwishishini lempahla yaseIndiya.

Into i-India ebingayilindelanga kukuba i-China, eyayikhokela ekuthinteleni nasekulawuleni ubhubhane, iye yaba ngumncintisani wayo omkhulu kwishishini lempahla.
I-India ilahlekelwe yishishini le-yuan eziyi-trillion ngenxa yobhubhane.

Ukususela kwisiqingatha sesibini sowama-2020, ishishini laseTshayina leempahla zelaphu liye latshintsha imeko yokucotha kwinqanaba lokuqala lobhubhane laza langena kwixesha elitsha lobhubhane.
Ngokwedatha, ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuDisemba ngo-2020, ukuthengiswa kwempahla, izihlangu, iminqwazi, iinaliti kunye nempahla zorhwebo kuzwelonke kudlule kwi-12 trillion yuan, kwaye inzuzo iyonke yeshishini lempahla kazwelonke inyuke nge-7.9% unyaka nonyaka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-110 billion yuan.

Ulwazi lwengxelo yemarike lubonisa ukuba ukusukela ngoMeyi ka-2020, ishishini leempahla laseTshayina lifikelele ekukhuleni okuphindwe kathathu ngoJulayi. Inani leeodolo zeshishini leempahla laseTshayina linyuke ngaphezu kwama-200% unyaka nonyaka, kwaye inani leeodolo zempahla zelaphu kunye nelaphu linyuke ngaphezu kwe-100%. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kweshishini leempahla laseTshayina ngo-2020 kuyamangalisa.
Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwempahla zelaphu, kuquka neemaski zobuso, kufikelele kwi-828.78 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala zowama-2020, inyuke ngama-37.5 ekhulwini.
Ukusebenza ngokubanzi kweshishini leempahla kulungelelene kakhulu.

Isizathu sokuba kubekho iziphumo eziqaqambileyo kangaka, zimbini izizathu eziphambili, esinye kukufika kwexesha lorhwebo lwangaphandle;
Okwesibini, iTshayina iza kufumana iiodolo ezininzi zaphesheya ngo-2020, ezaziveliswe eIndiya, eMyanmar, eBangladesh nakwamanye amazwe.

Umfanekiso

Ishishini lempahla eTshayina linezibonelelo ezicacileyo, kodwa ukusilela kufuneka kusonjululwe

I-China ikwindawo engenakutshintshwa yokufumana ezi "miyalelo zongxamiseko".
Okokuqala, ngo-2020, iTshayina iya kuba lolona qoqosho luphambili kwihlabathi liphela oluza kuqala ukuphuma kwingxaki yobhubhane kwaye lufikelele ekukhuleni okuhle.
Lo bhubhane ube nefuthe elibi kakhulu kumacala omabini okubonelela kunye nemfuno yeshishini lempahla. Ukuqalisa kwakhona komsebenzi kunye nemveliso eTshayina njengovulindlela kukubonakalisa amandla ayo okukhusela nokulawula.

Xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe abanjwe kukungaqiniseki kobhubhane kunye nokuphazamiseka ngaxeshanye kwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso kunye nekhonkco lokubonelela, xa abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe kunye neenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe belungisa ukuveliswa kwee-odolo kwihlabathi liphela, iTshayina ibe lilizwe eliphambili kwinani elikhulu lee-odolo zaphesheya, nto leyo eqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso yamazwe ngamazwe.

Okwesibini, iTshayina ineenzuzo ezicacileyo ekuthumeleni ngaphandle iimveliso ezifuna abasebenzi abaninzi kwaye yeyona mveliso inkulu nethumela impahla kwamanye amazwe kwihlabathi liphela.
Ngexesha lobhubhane, iTshayina inike amazwe angaphezu kwama-200 iimaski zelaphu kunye nezinye izinto zokulwa nobhubhane, kwaye iTshayina ikwazile ukumelana novavanyo lwenkqubo yokubonelela ngempahla engqongqo.

Umfanekiso

Okokugqibela kodwa okungabalulekanga kangako, ixabiso lomqhaphu kunye nezinto ezikrwada eTshayina liphantsi kakhulu kwaye linenzuzo yexabiso ebangelwa yixabiso eliphantsi.
Nelizwe laseIndiya lithenga izinto ezininzi zelaphu ezivela eTshayina minyaka le.
Ngokwedatha yophando lwemarike, iIndiya okwangoku ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nemfuno enkulu kangaka yemarike yezinto ezikrwada.

Ngoko ke, ukuxhasa ishishini layo elikhulu lempahla zelaphu, iIndiya ithenga amalaphu okwenziwa, amaqhosha kunye nezinye izixhobo zelaphu ezixabisa malunga ne-$1 yezigidigidi zeerandi ezivela eTshayina minyaka le.

Ishishini lempahla laseTshayina linezibonelelo ezicacileyo, kodwa iingxaki kufuneka zisonjululwe.
Njengenkampani enkulu emhlabeni evelisa, ethenga kwaye ithumela impahla kwamanye amazwe, iTshayina ineyona nkampani ipheleleyo ehlabathini evelisa impahla kunye nezinga eliphezulu kuyo yonke ikhonkco lenkampani.

Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lwekhonkco ngalinye leshishini lempahla alulingani. Okwangoku, iingenelo zoshishino lwempahla lwaseTshayina zibonakala kakhulu kwiimveliso eziphakathi neziphantsi, endaweni yeemveliso ezinexabiso eliphezulu.
Ngoko ke, kwicandelo eliphezulu lempahla yelaphu, kusafuneka siqhubeke nophando nokuphuhlisa nokuphucula ubuchwepheshe babo kunye nenkqubo, uphuhliso oluqhubekayo, ukudlala kwiingenelo zobuchwepheshe baseTshayina, ukwakhiwa kwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso eligqibeleleyo ngakumbi.

Umfanekiso

Kaloku, kwishishini lempahla, ukongeza kwizinto eziqhelekileyo ezifana nomsonto wekotoni, amalaphu asezantsi kunye neempahla ezenzelwe wena, kukhangelwa iimveliso ezintsha ukuze kuthathwe imakethi.
Emva koko, uyilo olulungiselelwe wena, isitayile, njalo njalo, zimisela iprimiyamu yemveliso kunye nesantya sokuthengisa.
Amashishini amalaphu aseTshayina aphucula ulwakhiwo lwawo, uphando kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji entsha, inkqubo entsha, ingqalelo kuyilo, ukwemba imodeli entsha yenzuzo, njl.njl., anokulungisa kakhulu ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi.

Ishishini lempahla laseTshayina linezibonelelo zokuphucula imeko yemixokelelwane yemizi-mveliso.
ETshayina, iitekhnoloji zothungelwano lolwazi ezifana ne-Intanethi yezinto, i-big data, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, i-5G kunye ne-cloud computing ziyaphuhla ngesantya esikhulu. Ezi teknoloji zitshintsha indlela yokuphila yabantu kunye neemodeli zophuhliso loqoqosho.
Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, ishishini lehlabathi lokubonelela ngeenkonzo kulindeleke ukuba liphucule iinkqubo zobuchwepheshe, linciphise imfuno yabasebenzi, liphucule imveliso, kwaye lidlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe kwishishini lempahla.

Nangona kwixesha elifutshane, ubhubhane uzise impembelelo enkulu kunye nempembelelo kwishishini lempahla yelaphu kwihlabathi liphela kwaye imakethi igcwele ukungaqiniseki, ekuhambeni kwexesha, ubhubhane uza kukhawulezisa inkqubo yokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nobukrelekrele kwishishini lempahla yelaphu kwaye uphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kolawulo lobonelelo lweshishini.

Okwangoku, nangona uninzi lwale miyalelo “imiyalelo yongxamiseko”, nokuba ingahlala eTshayina ixesha elide emva kobhubhane okanye emva kokuphela kobhubhane, kusekho indawo enkulu ekufuneka siyilwele.
Nangona uqoqosho lwaseTshayina lukhula kancinci kancinci, kwishishini lempahla, eliqhele ukusetyenziswa kakhulu, iTshayina ayinalo ithuba lokubiza abasebenzi.

Kwangaxeshanye, imakethi enkulu yelaphu yetriliyoni enye yeeyuan “inikelwe” kwiTshayina, iIndiya ngokwayo nayo ixhalabile kakhulu.
Nangona kukho ubhubhane, inokukwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo lokuphinda ibambe ii-odolo zaphesheya kweelwandle.
Ngoko ke, xa i-India ijongeka inqwenela, ingayiboni, ukugcina ii-odolo zelaphu ixesha elide, kukho umngeni onzima ekufuneka amashishini e-China ajongane nawo.

Umfanekiso

Ukungena kwixesha lasemva kobhubhane, ukubuyiselwa kweshishini leempahla kwihlabathi liphela kuyacelw’ umngeni

Phantsi kwempembelelo yobhubhane wehlabathi kunye nezopolitiko zehlabathi, imeko-bume yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe yangoku imbi ngakumbi kwaye ukhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe nalo lunamandla ngakumbi. Kwixesha lasemva kobhubhane, ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kweshishini lempahla yehlabathi kusajongene nemingeni.
Ngokuphathelele imingeni, kukho imingeni yexesha elifutshane kunye nemingeni yexesha elide.

Ubhubhane wehlabathi usaqhubeka, uqoqosho lwehlabathi lukwimeko yokudodobala okukhulu, ukhuseleko lwezorhwebo luyanda, kwaye iingxabano zezopolitiko ziyanda. Isiseko sokubuyiselwa kwemizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo asikaqini, ishishini lehlabathi kunye nothungelwano lokubonelela ngeenkonzo luphantsi kohlengahlengiso olukhulu, kwaye izinto ezinokubangela ukungaqiniseki kunye nokungazinzi ziyanda.

Umzekelo, ukuthunyelwa kweempahla zelaphu kwamanye amazwe eMelika, kwiManyano yaseYurophu, eIndiya, eMyanmar, eBangladesh nakwamanye amazwe kuye kwanda ngenxa yempembelelo yobhubhane kunye neemeko zezopolitiko. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobhubhane, ukuthunyelwa kweempahla zelaphu akubuyelanga kwinqanaba langaphambili. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokwenyani yobhubhane, ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kuza kuthatha ixesha.

Umfanekiso

Ngowama-2020, intengiso yeempahla eMelika iya kuncipha ngama-26% unyaka nonyaka, phantse iibhiliyoni ezingama-200 zeerandi.
Intengiso yeempahla zelaphu kwi-EU yehle ngama-24.4 ekhulwini ngonyaka.
Kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe, imarike yokusetyenziswa kweempahla zamazwe ngamazwe iyonke ifumene iingxaki, i-United States, ukungeniswa kweempahla ezivela kwi-EU nako kwehla.

Nangona nge-30 kaJuni 2020, i-India yazithoba kancinci kancinci iindlela zokulawula yaza yabhengeza ukuba ingene kwisigaba esithi “Unlockable 2.0″, isadinga ixesha lokuba imboni yelaphu yaseIndiya, eyayijongene nokuphazamiseka kwekhonkco lokubonelela, ibuyisele ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi yezoqoqosho kwixesha elidlulileyo phantsi kwemeko yangoku yobhubhane ongaphandle kolawulo, kwaye akukho ndlela yokwenza oko kwixesha elifutshane.

Ukusukela oko kwaqhambuka uqhushululu eMyanmar ngomhla woku-1 kweyoMdumba kulo nyaka, uqoqosho lwaseMyanmar luye lwama okanye lwabuyela umva, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwalo kwamanye amazwe kuye kwamiswa.
Ishishini lempahla nelaphu eBurma lijongene neengxaki ezinkulu ezibangelwa luqhushululu, nto leyo enyanzelisa ezinye zezona nkampani zinkulu zempahla ehlabathini ukuba zibhengeze ukuba ziyayimisa yonke iodolo kweli lizwe kwaye zifuna amanye amazwe ukuba azithathele indawo.

Namhlanje, ekubeni ishishini lempahla ngelaphu lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseMyanmar, iingxaki ezinkulu ezijongene neshishini lempahla ngelaphu eMyanmar zinempembelelo enkulu kuqoqosho lwelizwe.

Umfanekiso

Okwangoku, iBangladesh, eneshishini lelaphu lesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni emva kweTshayina, iqhube kakuhle.
Ishishini lempahla yelaphu lelona candelo liphambili lengeniso evela eBangladesh, kodwa ubhubhane ukwaphambukise ezinye iiodolo ezivela kweli lizwe zaya eTshayina.

IBangladesh iqalise "ukuvalwa kwesixeko" kuzwelonke nge-5 ka-Epreli kulo nyaka ngenxa ye-COVID-19 eyandayo.
Ngokwezibalo, ngo-2019 kuphela, iBangladesh yathumela impahla yelaphu eYurophu nase-United States, ngexabiso le-$130.1 yeebhiliyoni.

Okwangoku, ukungqubana neengxaki eziqokelelene ixesha elide kwishishini lempahla eTshayina ziyabonakala kakhulu. Phantsi kwemeko entsha yotshintsho lwehlabathi, kuyimfuneko ukuba ishishini lempahla eTshayina liqhubeke linika amandla kwiingenelo zemveli zokhuphiswano, lifumane iingenelo ezintsha zokhuphiswano, kwaye lakhe uthotho lwemizi-mveliso olugqibeleleyo nolukrelekrele kakhulu, oluyindlela efunekayo yophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini.

Umfanekiso

Okwangoku, ubudlelwane phakathi kweTshayina neMelika kunye neYurophu bukwinqanaba elingaqinisekanga. IMelika kunye namanye amazwe aseNtshona adala izimvo ezishushu ngomqhaphu eXinjiang, nto leyo eye yachaphazela urhwebo lokuthumela ngaphandle umqhaphu eXinjiang.
Enyanisweni, into amazwe aseNtshona ajolise kuyo ngokwenene lishishini lempahla ngelaphu laseTshayina, kwaye ngoku iinkampani zangaphandle ziyekile ukuthumela izinto eziluhlaza eTshayina ukuze zizame ukuthintela uphuhliso lwaseTshayina.

Nangona kunjalo, iTshayina ayizukugungqa ekuzimiseleni kwayo ukuvula amathuba amaninzi kwihlabathi langaphandle nokuphuhlisa uqoqosho lwayo.
Okufanelekileyo ukulindela kukuba ishishini laseTshayina lempahla zelaphu likhangela iindawo ezintsha zokukhula kwimarike, njenge-RCEP kunye namazwe athi “One Belt And One Road”, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini laseTshayina lempahla zelaphu, kwaye iziphumo zokuqala zifunyenwe.

Kwixesha lasemva kobhubhane, ukuthintela nokulawula ubhubhane kunye nokuphithizela okuphindaphindiweyo kubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe kube nefuthe elikhulu kuwo onke amashishini.
Izixhobo zehlabathi ziyakhawuleza

Emva kolwakhiwo kunye nohlengahlengiso, ishishini leempahla zehlabathi laqala kwakhona ukuvuselelwa, icebo elibalulekileyo lokuphucula uzinzo kunye nokukhuphisana kwekhonkco lobonelelo lwemizi-mveliso.

Umfanekiso

Ngenxa yeengxaki ezininzi kunye notshintsho olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili kwihlabathi liphela, ukudibana kwehlabathi kuye kwakhawulezisa uphuhliso lweshishini lempahla kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweli shishini luye lwabaluleka kakhulu.
Ukuze sifezekise oku, kufuneka sikhuthaze urhwebo lwehlabathi jikelele kwihlabathi liphela, sikwale ngokupheleleyo ukukhuselwa korhwebo, size siqhubeke nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kwicandelo lophuhliso oluzinzileyo.