Kwiinyanga ezimbini ezidlulileyo, ukwehla ngokukhawuleza kwegagasi lesibini lobhubhane omtsha we-crown eIndiya kube sesona siganeko sibalulekileyo kumlo wehlabathi nxamnye nobhubhane. Olu bhubhane lugqugqisileyo lubangele ukuba iifektri ezininzi eIndiya zivalwe, kwaye iinkampani ezininzi zasekuhlaleni kunye neenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zisengxakini.

Ubhubhane uyaqhubeka nokuba mandundu, amashishini amaninzi eIndiya ayachaphazeleka

Ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kobhubhane kuye kwayigubungela inkqubo yezonyango yaseIndiya. Abantu abatshisa izidumbu kwiipaki, ecaleni konxweme lweGanges, nasezitratweni bayothusa. Okwangoku, ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha soorhulumente basekhaya eIndiya bakhethe "ukuvala isixeko", imveliso kunye nobomi kuye kwamiswa omnye emva komnye, kwaye amashishini amaninzi aphambili eIndiya nawo ajongene nemiphumo emibi.

ISurat ikwiGujarat, eIndiya. Uninzi lwabantu kwesi sixeko basebenza kwimisebenzi enxulumene nelaphu. Ubhubhane unamandla, kwaye iIndiya isebenzise amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuthintela. Abanye abathengisi belaphu baseSurat bathi ishishini labo linciphile phantse ngama-90%.

Umthengisi wempahla zelaphu waseIndiya eSurat uDinesh Kataria: Kukho abathengisi belaphu abangama-65,000 eSurat. Ukuba babalwa ngokwenani eliqhelekileyo, ishishini lempahla zelaphu laseSurat lilahlekelwa ubuncinane yi-US$48 yezigidi ngosuku.

Imeko yangoku yaseSurat yinto nje encinci kwishishini lempahla zelaphu laseIndiya, kwaye lonke ishishini lempahla zelaphu laseIndiya lijongene nokuhla ngokukhawuleza. Uqhambuko lwesibini lobhubhane luye lwabangela imfuno enkulu yempahla emva kokukhululeka kwemisebenzi yoqoqosho lwaphesheya, kwaye inani elikhulu lee-odolo zelaphu zaseYurophu naseMelika zidluliselwe.

Ukususela ngo-Epreli kunyaka ophelileyo ukuya kuMatshi kulo nyaka, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngelaphu kunye neempahla eIndiya kwehle nge-12.99% xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo, ukusuka kwi-33.85 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ukuya kwi-29.45 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika. Phakathi kwazo, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwehla nge-20.8%, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwehla nge-6.43%.

Ukongeza kwishishini lempahla, ishishini leefowuni eziphathwayo laseIndiya nalo liye lachaphazeleka. Ngokweengxelo zeendaba zamanye amazwe, abasebenzi abangaphezu kwe-100 kumzi-mveliso weFoxconn eIndiya bafunyaniswe benale ntsholongwane. Okwangoku, imveliso yeefowuni eziphathwayo zeApple ezicutshungulwa ngumzi-mveliso incitshisiwe ngaphezulu kwama-50%.

Isityalo se-OPPO eIndiya naso siye sayeka ukuvelisa ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo. Ukwanda kwesi sifo kubangele ukwehla ngokukhawuleza kwamandla okuvelisa kwiifektri ezininzi zeefowuni eziphathwayo eIndiya, kwaye iiworkshops zokuvelisa ziye zamiswa enye emva kwenye.

I-India inesihloko esithi “iWorld Pharmaceutical Factory” kwaye ivelisa phantse ama-20% amayeza e-generic ehlabathini. Izinto zayo ezisetyenzisiweyo zikhonkco elibalulekileyo kulo lonke uthotho lweshishini lamayeza elinxulumene ngokusondeleyo neliphezulu nelisezantsi. Ubhubhane omtsha we-crown ukhokelele ekwehleni okukhulu kwesantya sokusebenza kweefektri zaseIndiya, kwaye izinga lokusebenza kwabalamli bamayeza baseIndiya kunye neenkampani ze-API limalunga nama-30% kuphela.

I-"German Business Week" ibike kutshanje ukuba ngenxa yeendlela ezinkulu zokuvala i-lockdown, iinkampani zamayeza ziye zavala, kwaye uthungelwano lokuthunyelwa kwamayeza eIndiya eYurophu nakwezinye iindawo ngoku lukwimeko yokuwa.

Kunzulu kakhulu kwingxaki yobhubhane. Yintoni eyona ngxaki iphambili ye-"hypoxia" yaseIndiya?

Eyona nto iphazamisayo ngale ntsholongwane eIndiya kukuba inani elikhulu labantu lifile ngenxa yokunqongophala komoya-mpilo. Abantu abaninzi bafolele umoya-mpilo, kwaye kwakukho nendawo yamazwe akhuphisana nge-oksijini.

Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, abantu baseIndiya bazama ngamandla ukufumana ii-oximeter. Kutheni iIndiya, eyaziwa njengelizwe eliphambili kwezemveliso, ingenakuvelisa ioksijini kunye nee-oximeters ezidingwa ngabantu? Ingakanani impembelelo yobhubhane kwezoqoqosho eIndiya? Ngaba oku kuya kuyichaphazela indlela ebuya ngayo uqoqosho lwehlabathi?

Akukho nzima ukuvelisa ioksijini. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, iIndiya inokuvelisa ngaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-7,000 zeoksijini ngosuku. Xa ubhubhane wafika, inxalenye enkulu yeoksijini eyayiveliswa ekuqaleni yayingasetyenziswa kwizibhedlele. Iinkampani ezininzi zaseIndiya zazingenawo amandla okutshintshela kwimveliso ngokukhawuleza. Ukongeza, iIndiya yayingenalo umbutho kazwelonke wokucwangcisa ioksijini. Ukuvelisa kunye nokuthutha, kukho ukunqongophala kweoksijini.

Ngokungaqondanga, amajelo eendaba kutshanje axele ukuba iIndiya inengxaki yokunqongophala kwee-pulse oximeters. Ama-98% ee-oximeters ezikhoyo angeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Esi sixhobo sincinci esisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umxholo weoksijini egazini lomguli akunzima ukusivelisa, kodwa imveliso yeIndiya ayinakonyuka ngenxa yokungabikho kwamandla emveliso yezixhobo kunye nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.

UDing Yifan, umphandi kwiZiko loPhando loPhuhliso lweHlabathi leZiko loPhando loPhuhliso leBhunga likaRhulumente: Inkqubo yemizi-mveliso yaseIndiya ayinazo izibonelelo zokuxhasa, ingakumbi amandla okutshintsha. Xa ezi nkampani zidibana neemeko ezikhethekileyo kwaye zifuna ukuguqula uthotho lwemizi-mveliso ukuze iveliswe, azikwazi ukuziqhelanisa kakuhle.

Urhulumente waseIndiya akakayiboni ingxaki yokwenziwa kwemveliso okubuthathaka. Ngo-2011, ishishini lemveliso laseIndiya lalimalunga ne-16% ye-GDP. Urhulumente waseIndiya uye waqalisa izicwangciso zokunyusa isabelo semveliso kwi-GDP ukuya kwi-22% ngo-2022. Ngokwedatha evela kwi-Indian Brand Equity Foundation, esi sabelo asiyi kutshintsha ngo-2020, yi-17% kuphela.

ULiu Xiaoxue, umphandi oncedisayo kwi-Institute of Asia-Pacific and Global Strategy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, uthe imveliso yanamhlanje yinkqubo enkulu, kwaye umhlaba, abasebenzi, kunye neziseko zophuhliso ziyimfuneko kwiimeko zokuxhasa. Ama-70% omhlaba waseIndiya ngawabucala, kwaye inzuzo yabemi ayiguqulwanga yaba yinzuzo yabasebenzi. Ngexesha lobhubhane obekwe phezulu, urhulumente waseIndiya wasebenzisa amandla emali, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekwandeni kwamatyala angaphandle.

Ingxelo yamva nje ye-International Monetary Fund ibonisa ukuba “i-India inelona nani liphezulu lamatyala phakathi kwazo zonke iimarike ezisakhulayo”.

Ezinye iingcali zezoqoqosho ziqikelela ukuba ilahleko yezoqoqosho yeveki nganye eIndiya ifikelela kwi-4 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zaseMelika. Ukuba ubhubhane awulawulwa, unokujongana nelahleko yezoqoqosho ye-5.5 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zaseMelika veki nganye.

URahul Bagalil, iNgcali yezeNgqondo yaseIndiya kwiBhanki yaseBarclays e-United Kingdom: Ukuba asiyilawuli ubhubhane okanye igagasi lesibini lobhubhane, le meko iya kuqhubeka kude kube nguJulayi okanye u-Agasti, kwaye ilahleko iya kunyuka ngokungalinganiyo kwaye isenokuba kufutshane Malunga neebhiliyoni ezingama-90 zeerandi zaseMelika (malunga neebhiliyoni ezingama-580 zeerandi).

Ukusukela ngo-2019, isikali sokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle kweIndiya siphelele kwi-2.1% kuphela yenani lilonke lehlabathi, elingaphantsi kakhulu kunezinye ii-economy ezinkulu ezifana neTshayina, i-European Union, kunye ne-United States.