I-N,N-Dimethylformamide CAS 68-12-2
Intshayelelo yemveliso
I-Dimethylformamide ibizwa ngokuba yi-DMF. Yikhompawundi apho iqela le-hydroxyl le-formic acid lithathelwa indawo liqela le-dimethylamino, elinefomula yemolekyuli i-HCON(CH3)2. Lulwelo olungenambala nolucacileyo olune-high-boiling point olunevumba elincinci le-amine kunye noxinano oluhambelanayo lwe-0.9445 (25℃). Inqanaba lokunyibilika -61℃. Inqanaba lokubila 152.8℃. Inqanaba lokutsha 57.78℃. Uxinano lomphunga 2.51. Uxinzelelo lomphunga 0.49kpa (3.7mmHg25℃). Inqanaba lokutsha liyi-445℃. Umda wokuqhuma komxube womphunga nomoya yi-2.2~15.2%. Ukuvezwa kumlilo ovulekileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu kunokubangela ukutsha kunye nokuqhuma. Ingasabela ngamandla nge-sulfuric acid exineneyo kunye ne-fuming nitric acid kwaye ide iqhume. Ixutywa namanzi kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi ze-organic Chemicalbook. Yi-solvent eqhelekileyo kwiimpendulo zeekhemikhali. I-dimethylformamide ecocekileyo ayinavumba, kodwa i-dimethylformamide yodidi lweshishini okanye eyonakeleyo inevumba elifana nelentlanzi kuba iqulethe ukungcola kwe-dimethylamine. Eli gama livela kwinto yokuba iyindawo ye-dimethyl endaweni ye-formamide (i-amide ye-formic acid), kwaye omabini amaqela e-methyl akwi-atom ye-N (nitrogen). I-Dimethylformamide sisinyibilikisi se-polar (hydrophilic) aprotic esineqondo lokubila eliphezulu, esinokukhuthaza indlela yokusabela ye-SN2. I-Dimethylformamide yenziwe nge-formic acid kunye ne-dimethylamine. I-Dimethylformamide ayizinzanga (ingakumbi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu) xa kukho iziseko eziqinileyo ezifana ne-sodium hydroxide okanye ii-asidi eziqinileyo ezifana ne-hydrochloric acid okanye i-sulfuric acid, kwaye i-hydrolyzes ibe yi-formic acid kunye ne-dimethylamine.
Izinzile kakhulu emoyeni kwaye xa ifudunyezwa ide ibile. Xa ubushushu buphezulu kune-350°C, ilahlekelwa ngamanzi kwaye ivelise i-carbon monoxide kunye ne-dimethylamine. I-N,N-dimethylformamide sisinyibilikisi se-aprotic polar esilungileyo kakhulu esinokunyibilikisa uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo kwaye sixutywa namanzi, ii-alcohols, ii-ethers, ii-aldehydes, ii-ketones, ii-esters, ii-halogenated hydrocarbons kunye nee-aromatic hydrocarbons. . Isiphelo semolekyuli ye-N,N-dimethylformamide esichaziweyo kakuhle sijikelezwe ngamaqela e-methyl, senza umqobo we-spatial Chemicalbook othintela ii-ion ezingezizo ukuba zisondele kwaye udibanisa ii-ion ezilungileyo kuphela. Ii-anions ezingenanto zisebenza kakhulu kunee-anions ezinyibilikisiweyo. Iimpendulo ezininzi ze-ionic kulula ukuzenza kwi-N,N-dimethylformamide kunee-protic solvents eziqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, ii-carboxylates kunye nee-halogenated hydrocarbons zisabela kwi-N,N-dimethylformamide kubushushu begumbi. , zinokuvelisa ii-esters ezineemveliso eziphezulu, kwaye zifanelekile ngokukodwa ekuqulunqweni kwee-esters ezithintelwe yi-sterically.
Intsimi yesicelo
I-Dimethylformamide lulwelo olungenambala nolucacileyo. Ayisiyonto nje kuphela esetyenziswa kakhulu ngamakhemikhali, kodwa ikwasisinyibilikisi esibalaseleyo esinoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa. I-Dimethylformamide yinto ebalulekileyo kwimizi-mveliso yamayeza, i-petrochemical, isikhumba kunye neminye imimandla.
Inkcazo yolwakhiwo
I-N,N-Dimethylformamide
I-CAS 68-12-2
Inombolo ye-CB: CB2854115
Ifomula yemolekyuli: C3H7NO
Ubunzima beMolekyuli 73.09
Iqondo lokunyibilika: -61°C (elikhanyayo)
Ujikelezo oluthile: 0.94º
Iqondo lokubila: 153°C (elikhanyayo)
Ubuninzi: 0.944g/mL (elithayo) V
Ubuninzi bomphunga we-apor Chemicalbook: 2.5 (vsair)
Uxinzelelo lomphunga: 2.7mmHg (20°C) Isalathisi sokujika: n20/D1.430(lit.)
Incopho yokutsha: 136°
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