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I-N-Methylformamide (NMF) CAS：123-39-7
I-N-Methylformamide (NMF) CAS：123-39-7
I-N-methylformamide ecocekileyo lulwelo olungenambala, olucacileyo nolunencasa, mp-3.8℃, bp198℃, n25D 1.4310, uxinano oluhambelanayo 0.9986 (25℃), olunyibilikayo emanzini, lunokunyibilikisa iityuwa ezingaphiliyo, kwaye luyi-hygroscopic. Lubola ngokulula kwizisombululo ze-asidi okanye ze-alkaline.
I-N-methylformamide sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Isetyenziswa ekuhlanganiseni izibulali-zinambuzane, izibulali-zinambuzane kunye ne-acaricides i-monoformamidine kunye ne-diformamidine. Ikwasetyenziswa ekuveliseni amayeza, isikhumba sokwenziwa, isikhumba sokwenziwa, kunye nesinyibilikisi seempahla zefayibha zamakhemikhali.
Indlela yokuvelisa 1. Indlela ye-Methylamine iveliswa yindlela esebenza ngayo i-methylamine kunye ne-carbon monoxide. 2. Indlela ye-Methyl formate ifunyanwa ngendlela esebenza ngayo i-methyl formate kunye ne-methylamine. 3. Ifunyenwe ngendlela esebenza ngayo i-ethyl formate kunye ne-methylamine. Yongeza i-ethyl formate kwi-reactor, yongeza isisombululo samanzi se-methylamine phantsi kokupholisa, kwaye ubuyisele i-reaction kwi-40°C. Emva koko yashiywa iintsuku ezi-3, kwaye i-ethanol yafunyanwa phantsi koxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo ukuze kufunyanwe imveliso eluhlaza. Imveliso egqityiweyo ifunyanwa ngokuhlanjululwa phantsi koxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo.
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I-3-Dimethylaminopropylamine CAS: 109-55-7
I-Diamine ludidi olubalulekileyo lwezinto zeekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kakhulu njengezinto eziluhlaza, izinto eziphakathi okanye iimveliso. Umzekelo, i-diamine yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesakhiwo ekuhlanganiseni i-polyamide kunye nezinye ii-condensation polymerization reactions. I-N,N-dimethyl-1Chemicalbook,3-diaminopropane (DMAPA) yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-intermediate, esetyenziswa umzekelo ekulungiseleleni izinto zokuthambisa kwimizi-mveliso. Ukongeza, i-DMAPA isetyenziswa njengezinto eziluhlaza ekulungiseleleni ii-coagulants kwaye yona ngokwayo kufuneka ibe neempawu zokulwa nokugqwala.
Lulwelo olungenambala nolucacileyo. Lunyibilika emanzini nakwizinto eziphilayo. Lusetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izinto zobuhle, ezifana ne-palmitamide dimethylpropylamine, i-cocamidopropyl betaine, i-mink oil amidopropylamine, njl.njl.
Ukusebenzisa i-dimethylaminopropionitrile [1738-25-6] njengezinto eziluhlaza, i-hydrogenation kunye ne-methanol zongezwa xa kukho i-Ni-Al catalyst, emva koko zihluzwe kwaye zicocwe ukuze kufunyanwe imveliso egqityiweyo ye-3-dimethylaminopropylamine. Ubumsulwa bemveliso efunyenweyo bunokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-99%, kwaye itoni nganye yemveliso itya i-1150kg ye-dimethylaminopropionitrile. -
I-2-(N-Ethyl-m-toluidino)ethanol CAS: 91-88-3
I-N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethyl m-toluidine (2-(Ethyl(m-tolyl)amino)ethanol) lulwelo olutyheli olukhanyayo kunye ne-dye intermediate. Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iidayi ze-cationic, ezifana ne-cationic red 6B. Ikwasetyenziswa njengezinto eziluhlaza ukuvelisa abaphuhlisi bombala kunye namayeza.
Ukusetyenziswa: 1. Izixhobo zokudaya ezidityanisiweyo.
Okwesibini, isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iidayi ze-cationic, ezifana ne-cationic red 6B.
3. Isetyenziswa njengezinto zokwenza imveliso yabaphuhlisi bombala kunye namayeza.
indlela yemveliso
1. indlela ye-m-toluidine
Yenziwe nge-m-toluidine kunye ne-ethyl iodide njengezinto eziluhlaza.
Iindlela ezimbini, i-N-ethyl m-toluidine
Ilungiswa ngokusebenzisa i-N-ethyl m-toluidine njengezinto eziluhlaza kwaye isabela kwi-chloroethanol (okanye i-ethylene oxide).
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I-N,N-Dimethylformamide CAS 68-12-2
I-Dimethylformamide lulwelo olungenambala nolucacileyo. Ayisiyonto nje kuphela esetyenziswa kakhulu ngamakhemikhali, kodwa ikwasisinyibilikisi esibalaseleyo esinoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa. I-Dimethylformamide yinto ebalulekileyo esetyenziswa kumayeza, iikhemikhali, ulusu kunye neminye imimandla.
I-Dimethylformamide ibizwa ngokuba yi-DMF. Yikhompawundi apho iqela le-hydroxyl le-formic acid lithathelwa indawo liqela le-dimethylamino, elinefomula yemolekyuli i-HCON(CH3)2. Lulwelo olungenambala nolucacileyo olune-high-boiling point olunevumba elincinci le-amine kunye noxinano oluhambelanayo lwe-0.9445 (25℃). Inqanaba lokunyibilika -61℃. Inqanaba lokubila 152.8℃. Inqanaba lokutsha 57.78℃. Uxinano lomphunga 2.51. Uxinzelelo lomphunga 0.49kpa (3.7mmHg25℃). Inqanaba lokutsha liyi-445℃. Umda wokuqhuma komxube womphunga nomoya yi-2.2~15.2%. Ukuvezwa kumlilo ovulekileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu kunokubangela ukutsha kunye nokuqhuma. Ingasabela ngamandla nge-sulfuric acid exineneyo kunye ne-fuming nitric acid kwaye ide iqhume. Ixutywa namanzi kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi ze-organic Chemicalbook. Yi-solvent eqhelekileyo kwiimpendulo zeekhemikhali. I-dimethylformamide ecocekileyo ayinavumba, kodwa i-dimethylformamide yodidi lweshishini okanye eyonakeleyo inevumba elifana nelentlanzi kuba iqulethe ukungcola kwe-dimethylamine. Eli gama livela kwinto yokuba iyindawo ye-dimethyl endaweni ye-formamide (i-amide ye-formic acid), kwaye omabini amaqela e-methyl akwi-atom ye-N (nitrogen). I-Dimethylformamide sisinyibilikisi se-polar (hydrophilic) aprotic esineqondo lokubila eliphezulu, esinokukhuthaza indlela yokusabela ye-SN2. I-Dimethylformamide yenziwe nge-formic acid kunye ne-dimethylamine. I-Dimethylformamide ayizinzanga (ingakumbi kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu) xa kukho iziseko eziqinileyo ezifana ne-sodium hydroxide okanye ii-asidi eziqinileyo ezifana ne-hydrochloric acid okanye i-sulfuric acid, kwaye i-hydrolyzes ibe yi-formic acid kunye ne-dimethylamine.
Izinzile kakhulu emoyeni kwaye xa ifudunyezwa ide ibile. Xa ubushushu buphezulu kune-350°C, ilahlekelwa ngamanzi kwaye ivelise i-carbon monoxide kunye ne-dimethylamine. I-N,N-dimethylformamide sisinyibilikisi se-aprotic polar esilungileyo kakhulu esinokunyibilikisa uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo kwaye sixutywa namanzi, ii-alcohols, ii-ethers, ii-aldehydes, ii-ketones, ii-esters, ii-halogenated hydrocarbons kunye nee-aromatic hydrocarbons. . Isiphelo semolekyuli ye-N,N-dimethylformamide esichaziweyo kakuhle sijikelezwe ngamaqela e-methyl, senza umqobo we-spatial Chemicalbook othintela ii-ion ezingezizo ukuba zisondele kwaye udibanisa ii-ion ezilungileyo kuphela. Ii-anions ezingenanto zisebenza kakhulu kunee-anions ezinyibilikisiweyo. Iimpendulo ezininzi ze-ionic kulula ukuzenza kwi-N,N-dimethylformamide kunee-protic solvents eziqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, ii-carboxylates kunye nee-halogenated hydrocarbons zisabela kwi-N,N-dimethylformamide kubushushu begumbi. , zinokuvelisa ii-esters ezineemveliso eziphezulu, kwaye zifanelekile ngokukodwa ekuqulunqweni kwee-esters ezithintelwe yi-sterically.
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I-N,N-Diethylaniline CAS:91-66-7
I-N,N-Diethylaniline CAS:91-66-7
Ulwelo olungenambala ukuya kolutyheli. Lunevumba elikhethekileyo. Lunyibilika kancinci emanzini, lunyibilika kwizinyibilikisi zendalo ezifana ne-ethanol, i-ether, i-chloroform kunye ne-benzene. Luvela kwimpendulo ye-aniline kunye ne-ethyl chloride. Ixabiso lokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza: i-aniline 645kg/t, i-ethyl chloride (95%) 1473kg/t, i-caustic soda (42%) 1230kg/t, i-phthalic anhydride 29kg/t.
Ingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa iidayi ze-azo, iidayi ze-triphenylmethane, njl. Ikwayindawo ebalulekileyo yokwenziwa kwamayeza kunye nabaphuhlisi befilimu yombala, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubanzi kakhulu.
Indawo yokugcina: Indawo yokugcina izinto inomoya kwaye yomiswe kubushushu obuphantsi; igcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwii-asidi, ii-oxidants kunye nezongezo zokutya. -
I-Polyethylene-polyamines CAS: 68131-73-7
I-Polyethylene-polyamines CAS: 68131-73-7
Inkangeleko Lulwelo oluqinileyo olufana noorenji-bomvu ukuya kumdaka.
Ukusetyenziswa: Isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-anion exchange resin, i-ion exchange membrane, i-crude oil demulsifier, i-lubricating oil additive, njl. Ikwasetyenziswa njenge-epoxy resin curing agent kunye ne-cyanide-free plating additive.
Ukunyibilika: iyanyibilika emanzini nakwi-ethanol, ayinyibiliki kwi-ether, ifunxa lula umswakama kunye ne-carbon dioxide emoyeni, kwaye yenze iityuwa ezifanayo kunye nee-asidi, eziya kuqina kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.
Kulula kakhulu ukuqhuma xa ujongene nefuthe, ukungqubana, ilangabi elivulekileyo okanye eminye imithombo yokutsha. Gcina kwindawo yokugcina izinto epholileyo, eyomileyo nengena umoya enikezelwe kwiziqhushumbisi. Ubushushu bokugcina abudluli kwi-32°C kwaye ukufuma akudluli kwi-80%. Gcina kude nemithombo yomlilo kunye nobushushu. Kufuneka zigcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwi-oxidants, ii-asidi, kunye ne-alkalis, kwaye uphephe ukugcina izinto ezixutyiweyo. Zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zomlilo ezifanelekileyo. Izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zifumaneke kwindawo yokugcina ukuze zigcine ukuchitheka. Akukho kungcangcazela, ukungqubana kunye nokungqubana.
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I-asidi ye-ethylenediaminetetraacetic CAS: 60-00-4
I-asidi ye-ethylenediaminetetraacetic CAS: 60-00-4
iipropati zeekhemikhali
Le mveliso inyibilika emanzini ibe ngumgubo omhlophe. Ukunyibilika emanzini kwi-25℃ yi-0.5g/L. Ayinyibiliki emanzini abandayo, utywala kunye nezinyibilikisi zendalo ngokubanzi. Iyanyibilika kwizisombululo ze-sodium hydroxide, i-sodium carbonate kunye ne-ammonia.
Indlela yokuvelisa:
Isiphumo se-ethylenediamine kunye ne-chloroacetic acid. Yongeza i-100kg ye-chloroacetic acid, i-100kg yomkhenkce kunye ne-135kg yesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide (30%) kwi-kettle ye-reaction, uze wongeze i-18kg ye-83% ukuya kwi-84% ye-ethylenediamine phantsi kokuxukuxa. Yifake kwi-15°C iyure e-1. Yongeza isisombululo se-30Chemicalbook% sodium hydroxide kwiibhetshi ze-10L rhoqo. Emva kokongeza ngakunye, yongeza enye ibhetshi emva kokuba isisombululo sovavanyo se-phenolphthalein singabonisi bomvu. Gcina kubushushu begumbi iiyure ezili-12. Fudumeza ukuya kuma-90°C kwaye utshintshe umbala nge-activated carbon. Hluza, hlamba intsalela yesihluzo ngamanzi, kwaye ekugqibeleni ulungise ixabiso le-pH ukuya kuma-3 nge-hydrochloric acid egxininisiweyo. Pholisa kwaye unyibilikise, uhluze kwaye uhlambe ngamanzi kude kungabikho mpendulo ye-chloride ion. Iimveliso ezomileyo.
I-reaction ye-ethylenediamine kunye ne-formaldehyde kunye ne-sodium cyanide. Xuba isisombululo samanzi se-60% se-ethylenediamine, isisombululo samanzi se-30% se-sodium cyanide kunye ne-sodium hydroxide, kwaye ugcine umxube kwi-20°C kangangeeyure eziyi-0.5. Emva koko yongeza isisombululo samanzi se-formaldehyde ngendlela ethontsizayo. Emva kwe-reaction, incwadi yamachiza yasuswa kwaye amanzi aphuma. Emva koko phinda olu sebenzi lungasentla, wongeza i-formaldehyde engaphezulu okokugqibela ukuze uvumele i-sodium cyanide ukuba iphendule ngokupheleleyo. Lungisa i-pH ibe yi-1.2 nge-dilute acid. I-white precipitate yavuthuluka, yahluzwa, yahlanjwa ngamanzi, yaza yomiswa kwi-110°C. Fumana imveliso.
I-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokudibanisa. I-EDTA isetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye ingasetyenziswa njengesithako sokumhlopheza ekucutshungulweni kwezinto ezinombala othambileyo, izixhobo zokudaya, izixhobo zokulungisa ifayibha, izongezo ze-cosmetic, izixhobo zokuthintela ukubola kwegazi, izicoci, iziqinisi, iziqalisi ze-polymerization yerabha yokwenziwa, i-EDTA sisixhobo esimele izinto ezixutyiweyo. Ingenza ii-complexes zekhemikhali ezinyibilikayo emanzini ezizinzileyo ezinee-alkali metals, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunye nee-transition metals. Ukongeza kwiityuwa ze-sodium, kukwakho neetyuwa ze-ammonium kunye neetyuwa ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-iron, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-copper, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-cobalt, kunye ne-aluminium. Nganye kwezi tyuwa inemisebenzi eyahlukileyo. Ukongeza, i-EDTA ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha ngokukhawuleza iisinyithi ezinobungozi ze-radioactive emzimbeni womntu kwaye idlale indima yokukhupha ityhefu. Ikwayiarhente yonyango lwamanzi. I-EDTA ikwasisalathisi esibalulekileyo, kodwa isetyenziselwa ukuthambisa i-nickel yesinyithi, i-copper, njl. Xa isetyenziswa, kufuneka isetyenziswe kunye ne-ammonia ukuze isebenze njengesalathisi. -
I-Disodium edetate dihydrate CAS: 6381-92-6
I-Disodium edetate dihydrate CAS: 6381-92-6
I-Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-disodium EDTA) yiarhente enamandla yokuchela. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizinzileyo nezizinzileyo zokulungelelanisa, inokusebenzisana phantse nee-ion ezininzi zesinyithi ngaphandle kwee-alkali metals (ezifana ne-iron, i-copper, i-calcium, i-magnesium kunye nezinye ii-ion ezininzi) ukuze zenze ii-complexes ezizinzileyo ezinyibilikayo emanzini, zisuse ii-ion zesinyithi okanye iimpembelelo eziyingozi ezibangelwa zizo.
I-Disodium EDTA yipowder emhlophe ekristale enyibilikayo emanzini kwaye phantse inganyibiliki kwi-ethanol kunye ne-ether. Ixabiso le-pH yesisombululo sayo samanzi limalunga ne-5.3 kwaye isetyenziswa kwiisepha, kwizixhobo zokudaya, kwii-fiber processing agents, kwizithako zobuhle, kwizithako zokutya, kwi-agricultural micro-fertilizers nakwiMariculture, njl.njl.
I-Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate isetyenziswa ekutyeni, kumayeza, kwizinto zokuthambisa nakwezinye iimveliso. I-disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate ekumgangatho wokutya ingasetyenziswa njenge-stabilizer, i-coagulant, i-antioxidant kunye ne-preservative, kwaye inokukhusela umbala kwaye imelane ne-oxidation. , i-anti-corrosion synergy kunye ne-stabilizing effect. -
I-CAS ye-Sodium edetate: 64-02-8
I-CAS ye-Sodium edetate: 64-02-8
I-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) inamaqela ama-4 e-carboxyl kwaye ngokubanzi inokwenza i-disalt, i-trisalt kunye ne-tetrasalt. Iityuwa eziqhelekileyo ze-EDTA ziquka i-disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA-2Na), i-tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA-4Na), i-dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA-2K) kunye ne-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. I-Tripotassium (EDTA-3K). I-Tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA-4Na) yimolekyuli encinci ye-organic esebenza ngeendlela ezininzi equlathe amaqela e-amino kunye ne-carboxyl. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwikhemistri yohlalutyo njenge-arhente edibanisayo.
Iipropati zeekhemikhali: Umgubo omhlophe wekristale. Unyibilika emanzini nakwi-asidi, awunyibiliki kwi-alcohol, i-benzene kunye ne-chloroform.
I-Tetrasodium EDTA sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokudibanisa izinto kunye nesixhobo sokufihla isinyithi. Ingasetyenziswa ekudayini kwishishini lempahla, unyango lomgangatho wamanzi, ulwandiso lombala, amayeza, iikhemikhali zemihla ngemihla, ukwenza iphepha kunye namanye amashishini, njengesongezo, isiqalisi, isicoci samanzi, iarhente yokufihla i-ion yesinyithi kunye nesiqalisi kwishishini lerabha ye-styrene-butadiene. Kwishishini le-acrylic yenkqubo eyomileyo, inokuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwesinyithi kwaye iphucule umbala kunye nokukhanya kwamalaphu adayiweyo. Ingasetyenziswa nakwizicoci zolwelo ukuphucula umgangatho wokuhlamba kunye nokuphucula impembelelo yokuhlamba. -
I-Tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol CAS 90-72-2
I-Tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol
I-CAS 90-72-2
Indlela yokuvelisa
Yongeza i-phenol kunye ne-40% dimethylamine aqueous solution kwi-reaction kettle, uvuselele kwaye udibanise ngokulinganayo, upholise ukuya ngaphantsi kwama-20°C, yongeza kancinci i-30% formaldehyde aqueous solution phantsi kokuxuba, kwaye ulawule ukugqiba ukongeza ngaphantsi kwama-30°C. Qhubeka uvuselela kwi-25-30°C iyure e-1, uze unyuse ubushushu ukuya kwi-90-95°C uze uphinde uvuselele iiyure ezi-2. Yongeza ityuwa ukuze wahlukanise isigaba samanzi, kwaye wahlukanise umaleko weoyile ukuze uqhekezwe phantsi koxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo ukuze ufumane imveliso egqityiweyo. Umxholo wemveliso yoshishino ungaphezulu kwama-95%.
Inkangeleko: Ulwelo olungenambala okanye olutyheli olukhanyayo nolubonakalayo. Luyatsha.
Isetyenziswa njenge-ejenti yokunyanga ii-resin ze-epoxy ezifakwa kwi-thermosetting, izincamathelisi, izitywini zezinto ze-laminate kunye nee-floors, izithinteli ze-acid kunye nee-catalysts kwimveliso ye-polyurethane. -
I-DIETHYLENE TRIAMINE (DETA) 111-40-0
I-DIETHYLENE TRIAMINE (DETA) 111-40-0
indalo
Ulwelo olutyheli olucacileyo noluthambileyo olunevumba elibi le-ammonia, olunokutsha kwaye olune-alkaline enamandla. Lunyibilika emanzini, i-acetone, i-benzene, i-ether, i-methanol, njl.njl., alunyibiliki kwi-n-heptane, kwaye luyabola kwi-copper kunye nee-alloys zayo. Iqondo lokunyibilika -35℃. Iqondo lokubila 207℃. Uxinano oluhambelanayo o. 9586. Iqondo lokutsha 94℃. Isalathisi sokurhawuzelela 1. 4810. Le mveliso inokusabela kwee-amines zesibini kwaye isabela ngokulula kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeekhompawundi. Iimveliso zayo zinoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa.
sebenzisa
Le mveliso isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-solvent kunye ne-organic synthesis intermediate, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukulungiselela ii-epoxy resin curing agents, ii-gas purifiers (zokususa i-CO2), izongezo zeoyile zokuthambisa, ii-emulsifiers, iikhemikhali zefoto, ii-surfactants, kunye nee-factants zokugqiba ilaphu. , i-paper enhancer, i-aminocarboxylic complexing agent, i-metal chelating agent, i-heavy metal hydrometallurgy kunye ne-cyanide-free electroplating diffusion agent, i-brightener, kunye ne-synthetic ion exchange resin kunye ne-polyamide resin, njl. -
I-N,N-dimethylethanolamine CAS: 108-01-0
I-N,N-dimethylethanolamine CAS: 108-01-0
Lulwelo olungenambala olunevumba elimnandi. Umlinganiselo wevumba: 0.25 ppm. Ubunzima beMolekyuli 5 89.16; Iqondo lokubila =133℃; Iqondo lokuqandisa/lokunyibilika=259℃; Iqondo lokutsha =41℃ (oc); Iqondo lobushushu bokutsha 5=295℃. Imida yokuqhuma: LEL 5=1.6%;UEL 5=11.9%. Ukuchongwa kweengozi (ngokusekwe kwiNkqubo yoHlelo lweNFPA-704M): Impilo 2, Ukutsha 2, Ukusabela 0. Iyanyibilika emanzini.
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-dimethylaminoethanol. Izifundo zibonisa iipropati zokuqinisa ulusu, kunye nokukwazi ukunciphisa ukubonakala kwemigca emincinci kunye nemibimbi kunye nezangqa ezimnyama phantsi kwamehlo. Ithathwa njenge-anti-aging, kunye ne-anti-inflammatory, kwaye ibonakalise umsebenzi wokususa iintsholongwane ngokukhululekileyo. Ikwasetyenziswa njenge-corrosion inhibitor, i-anti-scaling agent, i-paint additive, i-coating additive kunye ne-solids separation agent. Ikwasetyenziswa njenge-intermediate yezithako ezisebenzayo zamayeza kunye needayi. Isebenza njenge-ejenti yokuphilisa i-polyurethanes kunye ne-epoxy resins. Ngaphezu koko, isetyenziswa njenge-additives kwi-boiler water. Ukongeza koku, isetyenziswa ngonyango njenge-CNS stimulant.
