Ukusetyenziswa kweedayi kwenza ubomi babantu bube nemibala.

Ukususela kwiimpahla ezisemzimbeni, ibhegi yesikolo engasemva, njengesikhafu sokuhombisa, itayi, edla ngokusetyenziswa kwilaphu elilukiweyo, amalaphu alukiweyo kunye neemveliso zefayibha, idayi yazo ngemibala ebomvu, emthubi, emfusa neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ngokomgaqo, njenge-organic compound, idayi, kwimeko yayo ye-molecular okanye esasazekileyo, inika ezinye izinto umbala oqaqambileyo noqinileyo.

Ngokwenyani, iidayi ezisasazekileyo luhlobo lweedayi ezingezizo ii-ionic ezinokunyibilika kwamanzi kancinci.

Ulwakhiwo lwayo lweemolekyuli lulula, ukunyibilika kuphantsi, ukuze ikwazi ukusasazeka kakuhle kwisisombululo, ukongeza ekusigayeni ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-2 microns, kufuneka kongezwe nee-dispersants ezininzi, ukuze isasazeke kwisisombululo ngokuthe chu. Ke ngoko, olu hlobo lwedayi lwaziwa ngokubanzi ngokuba yi-"disperse dye".

Ingahlulwahlulwa ibe yi-orenji esasazekileyo, etyheli esasazekileyo, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esasazekileyo, ebomvu esasazekileyo njalo njalo, imibala emininzi ngokwemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo, inokufumana imibala emininzi. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iidayi, iidayi ezisasazekileyo zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye yenye yezona dayi zibalulekileyo.

Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakhulu kweedayi ezisasazekileyo, ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye neemveliso zayo kuchaphazela nokulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kwexabiso lesabelo seenkampani ezifanelekileyo ezidwelisiweyo.

Ngomhla wama-21 kuMatshi ngo-2019, kwenzeka uqhushumbo e-xiangshui Chenjiagang Tianjiayi Chemical Factory eYancheng. IKomiti ePhakathi ye-CPC kunye neBhunga leSizwe baluthathele ingqalelo kakhulu olu qhushumbo. IPhondo laseJiangsu kunye namasebe afanelekileyo enza konke okusemandleni awo ukusindisa nokuhlangula abantu abavela kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bathandazela iXiangshui.

Emva koqhushumbo, iipaki zoshishino lweekhemikhali kulo lonke ilizwe zaqala imisebenzi yokuhlola ukhuseleko xa kukho imeko kaxakeka. IShaoxing Shangyu, idolophu enkulu evelisa idayi, ikwaqalise novavanyo lokhuseleko kulo lonke ummandla, oluya kushukumisela amashishini eekhemikhali kulo lonke ilizwe ukuba avuse isilumkiso kwaye asebenze ngokukhuselekileyo.

Iimveliso eziphambili zesityalo seekhemikhali ziquka iidayi ezisasazekileyo kunye nezinye iidayi ezisabelayo, iidayi ezithe ngqo eziphakathi - i-m-phenylenediamine.

Emva kokuqhuma, amashishini ahlukeneyo edayi esasazekileyo kunye nabavelisi abaphakathi baye bayeka ukwamkela iiodolo, nto leyo ekhokelele ngqo ekunqongophaleni kokunikezelwa kwe-m-phenylenediamine, nto leyo eza kunyusa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso eemveliso zedayi esasazekileyo ezisezantsi.

Ixabiso lemarike le-m-phenylenediamine liphindwe kabini ukusukela nge-24 kaMatshi, kwaye indibaniselwano yokunqongophala kwezitokhwe kunye nokwehla kwamandla emveliso kuya kunyusa amaxabiso edayi esasazekileyo.
Kwaye iinkampani ezimbalwa zasekhaya ezidweliswe kwidayi esasazekileyo zabelana ngamaxabiso anyukile kwaye ehla, akunzima ukuyiqonda. Kodwa ukuguquguquka kweedayi ezisasazekileyo akuyonto ingaqhelekanga kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye abantu kudala besazi ngokuguquguquka kwexabiso lesitokhwe sayo.

➤ Ngokwembono yokhuphiswano lwemarike, imakethi yedayi esasazekileyo iye yakha imeko yokhuphiswano lwemarike ye-oligopoly, ngelixa imfuno yeedayi ezisasazekileyo izinzile ngokusisiseko. Ukwanda koxinzelelo lwemakethi yedayi esasazekileyo kuya kuchaphazela ukubonelelwa kwemarike kunye nemfuno, kuphucule amandla okuxoxisana kwabathengisi, kwaye emva koko kukhuthaze ukunyuka kwamaxabiso emakethi yedayi esasazekileyo.

Ngowama-2018, ukusebenza kweenkampani ezidwelisiweyo ezinedayi ezisasazekileyo bekungcono, kwaye ngo-2019, ukuba ukusebenza kuyaqhubeka nokukhula, ukunyuka kwexabiso lemveliso yeyona ndlela ichanekileyo nesebenzayo yokulinganisa.

Kwelinye icala, ngenxa yokukhuselwa kwendalo kuqala, oku kuya kukhokelela ekubeni amaxabiso edayi yemveliso aqhubeke nokusebenza kakuhle. Akukuphela nje ukunyuka kweendleko zolawulo lokukhuselwa kwendalo, njengokulungiswa rhoqo komda wemveliso kuya kuchaphazela ukubonelelwa kwemarike yedayi esasazekileyo.

Nangona amanye amashishini edayi asasazekileyo awayeka ukuvelisa aya kuqalisa ukuvelisa kancinci kancinci, kuqheleke kakhulu ukuba imveliso yokwenyani yamashishini okuvelisa idayi ibe ncinci kakhulu kunaleyo yangaphambi kokuba imveliso iyekwe.

Idabi elinzima nxamnye nongcoliseko luza kutyhala amashishini amaninzi anamandla agqithisileyo ukuba asuse yonke into, kwaye ishishini ledayi lisenendlela ende ekufuneka ihanjwe.