Ishishini lemichiza elungileyo lishishini elibanzi kunye nethekhnoloji. Yintsimi esahlumayo kushishino lweekhemikhali, kwaye ikwayenye yezona ndawo zinamandla asakhulayo kwishishini lemichiza namhlanje. Yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezinto ezintsha. Iimveliso zeekhemikhali ezintle zineentlobo ezininzi, ixabiso elongezelelweyo eliphezulu, ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kunye nokulungelelaniswa okukhulu kwemizi-mveliso, ekhonza ngokuthe ngqo amashishini amaninzi oqoqosho lwesizwe kunye neenkalo ezahlukeneyo zamashishini aphezulu.

一.精细化工行业概况

(1) Ukuhlelwa kweshishini

Ishishini lemichiza elungileyo lihlala lihlulwe libe lishishini lemichiza elilungileyo kunye neshishini elitsha lemichiza elicolekileyo ngokweenkalo ezahlukeneyo zesicelo. Phakathi kwabo, iimveliso ezimele iikhemikhali zemveli zendabuko ziyi-pesticides, idayi kunye neengubo, njl., ezivuthiweyo ekuphuhliseni. Iikhemikhali ezintsha ezilungileyo ikakhulu zibandakanya izongezo zokutya, izinto zokuncamathelisa, iiarhente zerhasi, ii-surfactants, izongezo zepetrochemical, iikhemikhali zebhayoloji, iikhemikhali ze-elektroniki njalo njalo. Iinkcukacha zezi zilandelayo:

(2)Iimpawu zemveliso

Iikhemikhali ezintle ziza kwiindidi ezininzi, kubandakanywa iikhompawundi ze-inorganic, iikhompawundi ze-organic, iipolima, kunye neekhompawundi zazo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeteknoloji yemveliso zezi:

(3) Imigaqo-nkqubo enxulumene noshishino

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhulumente ukhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo yokuxhasa ishishini lemichiza elungileyo kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluluhlaza, olunekhabhoni ephantsi kunye nophuhliso olusetyhula. Ngo-Matshi 2021, iSicwangciso se-14 seminyaka emihlanu samkelwa yiseshoni yesine yeNgqungquthela yeSizwe ye-13 yeSizwe, ecebisa ukuqinisa i-biotechnology, izinto ezintsha, ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo okuluhlaza kunye namanye amashishini, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwamaqela okuvelisa aphuculweyo, ukukhawulezisa uhlaza, uphuhliso lwekhabhoni ephantsi kunye nesetyhula, kunye nokuphucula ngokubanzi ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo. Le migaqo-nkqubo ingentla ikhuthaza ngokufanelekileyo uphuhliso olusempilweni nolukhawulezayo lweshishini lemichiza elungileyo kunye noqoqosho olusetyhula. Imigaqo-nkqubo ethile kunye neziqulatho zezi zilandelayo:

二.Imo yemarike

(1) Ubungakanani bemarike

I-China ibona ukubaluleka okukhulu kuphuhliso lweshishini lemichiza elungileyo, eliye laba lelinye lezalathiso ezibalulekileyo zophuhliso lweshishini lemichiza okwangoku. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani ze-National Bureau of Statistics, ixabiso lilonke lemveliso yeshishini lemichiza elungileyo lenyuke ukusuka kwi-1,267.421 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2008 ukuya kwi-4,3990.50 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2017, kunye nomndilili wokukhula komndilili wonyaka we-14.83%. Ngokutsho kolwazi loluntu, ixabiso lilonke lemveliso yemveliso yemichiza emihle yaseTshayina ngo-2021 idlule kwi-5.5 yetriliyoni yeyuan, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba idlule kwi-yuan ye-11 yetriliyoni ngo-2027. Izinga loshishino lweekhemikhali ezilungileyo e-United States, i-European Union kunye ne-Japan isondele. ukuya okanye ngaphezulu kwe-60%, kwaye iChina iceba ukunyusa izinga ukuya kuma-55% ngo-2025.

(2) Uhlalutyo lwecandelo lemarike

1. Ubungakanani bemarike yeshishini

Ukusukela oko kwabakho uhlaziyo kunye nokuvulwa, okuqhutywa ngumgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe kunye nophuhliso lwezolimo, ishishini lelizwe lethu lezibulali-zinambuzane lenze inkqubela phambili enkulu. Kunye nokukhula kancinci kwenkqubo yoshishino lwemichiza yasekhaya kunye nophuculo oluqhubekayo lwenkqubo yokusetyenziswa kolwandiso lwenzululwazi yezolimo kunye nobuchwepheshe, ishishini lethu lezitshabalalisi lenze isikali esikhulu. Okwangoku, ishishini laseTshayina lezitshabalalisi lenze inkqubo yoshishino epheleleyo equka uphando lwezenzululwazi kunye nophuhliso, imathiriyeli ekrwada, imidibaniso, ukuveliswa kwechiza elisebenzayo kunye nokulungiselela ukulungiswa. Kukho ngaphezu kwama-2,000 amashishini okuvelisa izitshabalalisi, kuquka namashishini amachiza asebenzayo angaphezu kwama-500 kunye namashishini okulungisa angaphezu kwe-1,500, anokuvelisa iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-700 zamachiza asebenzayo kunye neendidi ezingaphezu kwama-40,000 zamalungiselelo. Ngexesha elifanayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezolimo zasekhaya, kodwa nakwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe ithatha indawo ebalulekileyo. IZiko loPhando lwezoRhwebo laseTshayina liqikelela ukuba ingeniso yentengiso yeshishini lemichiza yokubulala izitshabalalisi yaseTshayina iya kufikelela kwi-262.33 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2023.