Ishishini leekhemikhali ezintle lishishini elibanzi nelisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe kakhulu. Lilicandelo elikhulayo kwishishini leekhemikhali, kwaye likwalinye lamacandelo akhulayo anamandla kakhulu kwishishini leekhemikhali namhlanje. Liyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezinto ezintsha. Iimveliso zekhemikhali ezintle zineentlobo ezininzi, ixabiso elongezelelekileyo, usetyenziso olubanzi kunye nolwalamano olukhulu lwemizi-mveliso, olukhonza ngokuthe ngqo amashishini amaninzi oqoqosho lwesizwe kunye namacandelo ahlukeneyo emizi-mveliso yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.

一.精细化工行业概况

(1) Uhlu lwemizi-mveliso

Ishishini leekhemikhali ezintle lidla ngokwahlulwahlulwa libe lishishini leekhemikhali ezintle zemveli kunye neshishini elitsha leekhemikhali ezintle ngokweenkalo ezahlukeneyo zesicelo. Phakathi kwazo, iimveliso ezimele iikhemikhali ezintle zemveli zizibulali zinambuzane, iidayi kunye neengubo, njl.njl., ezivuthiweyo ekuphuhlisweni. Iikhemikhali ezintsha ezintle ziquka izongezo zokutya, izincamathelisi, iiarhente zegesi, ii-surfactants, izongezo zepetrochemical, iikhemikhali zebhayoloji, iikhemikhali ze-elektroniki njalo njalo. Iinkcukacha zezi zilandelayo:

(2) Iimpawu zemveliso

Iikhemikhali ezintle ziza kwiintlobo ngeentlobo, kuquka iikhompawundi ezingaphiliyo, iikhompawundi ze-organic, iipolymers, kunye neekhompawundi zazo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zobuchwepheshe bemveliso zezi:

(3) Imigaqo-nkqubo enxulumene noshishino

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, urhulumente ukhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo yokuxhasa ishishini leekhemikhali ezintle kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluluhlaza, olunekhabhoni ephantsi kunye nolwesangqa. NgoMatshi 2021, iSicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu se-14 samkelwa yiseshoni yesine ye-13th National People's Congress, ecebisa ukuqinisa i-biotechnology, izixhobo ezintsha, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo oluluhlaza kunye namanye amashishini, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwamaqela okuvelisa aphucukileyo, ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso oluluhlaza, olunekhabhoni ephantsi kunye nolwesangqa, kunye nokuphucula ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo. Le migaqo-nkqubo ingentla ikhuthaza ngempumelelo uphuhliso olusempilweni nolukhawulezayo lweshishini leekhemikhali ezintle kunye noqoqosho olujikelezayo. Imigaqo-nkqubo ethile kunye nomxholo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

二.Imo yemarike

(1) Ubungakanani bemarike

I-China ibona ukubaluleka okukhulu kuphuhliso lweshishini leekhemikhali ezintle, eliye laba lelinye lawona macandelo abalulekileyo ophuhliso lweshishini leekhemikhali okwangoku. Ngokwezibalo ze-National Bureau of Statistics, ixabiso lilonke lemveliso yemizi-mveliso yeshishini leekhemikhali ezintle linyuke ukusuka kwi-1,267.421 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngo-2008 ukuya kwi-4,3990.50 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngo-2017, kunye nomyinge wokukhula kwe-compound yonyaka we-14.83%. Ngokweenkcukacha zoluntu, ixabiso lilonke lemveliso yeshishini leekhemikhali ezintle zase-China ngo-2021 lidlule kwi-5.5 trillion yeerandi zeerandi, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba lidlule kwi-11 trillion yeerandi zeerandi ngo-2027. Izinga leshishini leekhemikhali ezintle e-United States, kwi-European Union naseJapan lisondele okanye lingaphezulu kwe-60%, kwaye i-China iceba ukunyusa izinga liye kwi-55% ngo-2025.

(2) Uhlalutyo lokwahlulwahlulwa kwemarike

1. Ubungakanani bemarike yoshishino

Ukususela ekuguqulweni nasekuvulekeni, okuqhutywa yimigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe kunye nophuhliso lwezolimo, ishishini lethu lezinambuzane liye lenza inkqubela phambili enkulu. Kunye nokuvuthwa kancinci kancinci kwenkqubo yeshishini leekhemikhali zasekhaya kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo yokusetyenziswa kolwandiso lwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji yezolimo, ishishini lethu lezinambuzane liye lenza umlinganiselo omkhulu. Okwangoku, ishishini lezinambuzane laseTshayina lenze inkqubo yezoshishino epheleleyo equka uphando lwesayensi kunye nophuhliso, izinto eziluhlaza, izinto eziphakathi, imveliso yamayeza asebenzayo kunye nokulungiswa kokulungiswa. Kukho amashishini okuvelisa izibulala-zinambuzane angaphezu kwama-2,000, kuquka amashishini amachiza asebenzayo angaphezu kwama-500 kunye namashishini okulungiselela angaphezu kwe-1,500, anokuvelisa iintlobo zamayeza asebenzayo ezingaphezu kwama-700 kunye neentlobo zokulungiselela ezingaphezu kwama-40,000. Kwangaxeshanye ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezolimo zasekhaya, kodwa nakwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe ithatha indawo ebalulekileyo. I-China Commercial Industry Research Institute iqikelela ukuba ingeniso yokuthengisa yeshishini lezinambuzane zamakhemikhali laseTshayina iya kufikelela kwi-262.33 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2023.