Iidayi ezisebenza ngokuguquguqukayo zinemibala eqaqambileyo kunye nee-chromatograms ezipheleleyo. Yaziwa ngokulula kwayo, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nokukhawuleza okugqwesileyo. Ingakumbi ngophuhliso lweefayibha ze-cellulose kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iidayi ezisebenza ngokuguquguqukayo ziye zaba lolona hlobo lubalulekileyo lwedayi yokudaya ifayibha ye-cellulose.

Kodwa eyona ngxaki iphambili yeedayi ezisabelayo lizinga eliphantsi lokudinwa kunye nezinga lokuqiniswa. Kwinkqubo yendabuko yokudaya i-cellulose fiber, ukuze kuphuculwe ukufunxwa kwedayi kunye nezinga lokuqiniswa kweedayi ezisabelayo, kufuneka kongezwe inani elikhulu letyuwa engabonakaliyo (i-sodium chloride okanye i-sodium sulfate). Ngokuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo sedayi kunye nombala, ubungakanani betyuwa esetyenziswayo ngokubanzi yi-30 ukuya kwi-150 g/L. Nangona kwenziwe inkqubela phambili enkulu kunyango lweekhompawundi ze-organic ekuprinteni nasekudayeni amanzi amdaka, ukongezwa kwenani elikhulu leetyuwa ezingabonakaliyo kwinkqubo yokudaya akunakunyangwa ngeendlela ezilula zomzimba kunye neze-biochemical.

Uphando malunga netekhnoloji yeedayi ezisabelayo kunye nedayi engenatyuwa

Ngokwembono ye-ecological, ukukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka anokuprintwa okunetyuwa eninzi kunye nokudaya kuyawutshintsha ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wamanzi emilanjeni nasemachibini kwaye kuyawutshabalalisa ummandla we-ecological.
umfanekiso
Ukutyibilika kwetyuwa okuphezulu kuya kubangela ukuba umhlaba utyibilike ngetyuwa ejikeleze imilambo namachibi, nto leyo enciphisa isivuno sezityalo. Ngamafutshane, ukusetyenziswa kwetyuwa eninzi engaphiliyo akunakuncitshiswa okanye kusetyenziswe kwakhona, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kunempembelelo embi kakhulu kumgangatho wamanzi kunye nomhlaba. Ngokusekelwe koku, eli nqaku liphonononga inkqubela yophando lwakutshanje lwetekhnoloji yokudaya engenatyuwa, kwaye lixoxa ngokucwangcisiweyo ngotshintsho lwesakhiwo sedayi ezisabela kwityuwa ephantsi, itekhnoloji yokudibanisa, kunye netekhnoloji yokudibanisa.

Iidayi ezisebenzayo zokudaya ezingenatyuwa

Iimpawu ezibalaseleyo zeedayi ezisabelayo zisakhiwo esincinci semolekyuli, ukuthamba kakuhle kwamanzi, kunye nokuhlanjwa lula kombala odadayo emva kokulungiswa. Olu lutshintsho olubalulekileyo kuyilo lweemolekyuli zedayi. Kodwa oku kukwabangela ukuba izinga lokudinwa kwedayi kunye nezinga lokuqiniswa libe phantsi, kwaye kufuneka kongezwe ityuwa eninzi ngexesha lokudaya. Kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwamanzi amaninzi amdaka anetyuwa kunye needayi, ngaloo ndlela kunyusa iindleko zonyango lwamanzi amdaka. Ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo lubi kakhulu. Ezinye iinkampani zedayi zaqala ukunaka ekuhlolweni nasekuphuculweni kweedayi zangaphambili kunye namaqela asabelayo, kwaye zenze iidayi ezisabelayo zokudaya ngetyuwa encinci. IiCibacronLs ezaqaliswa yiCiba luhlobo lweedayi ezidaya ngetyuwa encinci ezisebenzisa amaqela ahlukeneyo asebenzayo ukudibanisa. Uphawu lwale dayi kukuba ubungakanani betyuwa esetyenziswa ekudayini yi-1/4 ukuya kwi-1/2 yedayi esabelayo ngokubanzi. Ayinangxaki kutshintsho kumlinganiselo wokuhlamba kwaye inokuphinda ivelise okuhle. Olu hlobo lweedayi ikakhulu ludaya nge-dip dyeing kwaye lungasetyenziswa kunye needayi ezisasazekileyo ukuze kudaya nge-polyester/cotton blends ngokukhawuleza.

I-Sumitomo Corporation yaseJapan icebise iseti yeendlela zokudaya ezifanelekileyo kwiidayi zothotho lwe-Sumifux Supra. Ibizwa ngokuba yindlela yokudaya ye-LETfS. Ubungakanani betyuwa engaphiliyo esetyenzisiweyo kule ndlela yi-1/2 ukuya kwi-1/3 yenkqubo yendabuko, kwaye umlinganiselo wokuhlamba unokufikelela kwi-1:10. Kwaye yaqalisa uthotho lweedayi ezisabelayo ezihambelana nenkqubo. Olu luhlu lweedayi ziidayi ezisabelayo ze-heterobi ezakhiwe yi-monochloros-triazine kunye ne-B-ethylsulfone sulfate. Ubungakanani bedayi eseleyo emanzini amdaka okudaya kolu luhlu lweedayi yi-25%-30% kuphela yomxholo wedayi emanzini amdaka okudaya asabelayo ngokubanzi. Kucetyiswa ukudaya iifayibha zeTencel. Ibonisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokusetyenziswa ngokwesantya sokulungiswa, ukuhlamba okulula, kunye nokuqina okuhlukeneyo kweemveliso ezidayiweyo.

Inkampani iDyStar iqalise iidayi zothotho lweRemazolEF ezifanelekileyo ukudaya ngaphandle kwetyuwa, iqela elisebenzayo ikakhulu yi-B-hydroxyethyl sulfone sulfate, kwaye iqalise inkqubo yokudaya ngaphandle kwetyuwa enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Ubungakanani betyuwa engaphiliyo esetyenzisiweyo yi-1/3 yenkqubo eqhelekileyo. Inkqubo yokudaya iyafinyezwa. Ukongeza, inkqubo igubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwee-chromatogram. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zemibala emithathu ephambili zinokudityaniswa ukuze kufunyanwe imibala eqaqambileyo. Inkampani iClariant (Clariant) iqalise uthotho lweDrimareneHF lweedayi ezisabelayo, ikakhulu kwiindidi ezi-4: iDrimareneBlueHF-RL, 戡ownHF-2RL, NavyHF-G, RedHF-G, esetyenziselwa ukudaya ngokudinwa kunye nokudaya okuqhubekayo kweefayibha ze-cellulose, ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kunye nokukhawuleza okuhle. Izinga lokudaya liphezulu kakhulu, ityuwa ephantsi kunye nomlinganiselo ophantsi wotywala. Ukudaya okungathathi cala, ukuhlanjwa kakuhle.

Ezinye iidayi ezisandula ukuveliswa ezisabelayo zinokunyusa ukuthe ngqo kweedayi ngokunyusa umthamo weemolekyuli zedayi kwaye zinciphise ubungakanani beetyuwa ezingaphiliyo. Umzekelo, ukungeniswa kwamaqela e-urea kunokunyusa ukuthe ngqo kwamaqela asebenzayo kwaye kunciphise ubungakanani beetyuwa ezingaphiliyo. Ukuphucula izinga lokuqina; kukwakho nee-precursors zedayi ze-polyazo (ezifana ne-trisazo, i-tetraazo) zokunyusa ukuthe ngqo kwedayi, kunye nokufezekisa injongo yokudaya okungenatyuwa. Isiphumo esiphezulu sokuthintelwa kwe-steric sezinye iidayi kwisakhiwo sinokutshintsha kakhulu ukusebenza kwakhona kwamaqela asabelayo edayi ezisabelayo kunye nobungakanani betyuwa esetyenziswa ekudayini. Ezi ziphumo zokuthintelwa kwe-steric ngokubanzi kukungeniswa kwezinto ezithatha indawo ye-alkyl kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwi-matrix yedayi. Iimpawu zazo ezisisiseko zesakhiwo zishwankathelwe ziingcali ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Iqela elisebenzayo lokuqala SO: CH2CH: oS03Na linokuba kwindawo ye-meta okanye ye-para yeringi yebenzene;

I-R3 inokuba kwindawo ye-ortho, i-inter, okanye i-para yeringi yebenzene. Ifomyula yolwakhiwo yidayi ye-vinyl sulfone esabelayo.

Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezitshintshayo okanye iindawo ezahlukeneyo zokutshintsha kwiidayi zinokufikelela kwixabiso elifanayo lokudaya phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zokudaya, kodwa ubungakanani betyuwa yokudaya kwabo bahlukile kakhulu.

Iidayi ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu ezinetyuwa ephantsi kufuneka zibe nezi mpawu zilandelayo: 1) Ubungakanani betyuwa esetyenziswa ekudayini buncitshiswe kakhulu; 2) Ukudaya kwindawo yokuhlamba enemilinganiselo ephantsi, ukuzinza kwebhafu yokudaya; 3) Ukuhlanjwa kakuhle. Ukunciphisa ixesha emva kokucubungula; 4) Ukuphindaphindwa okuhle kakhulu. Ngokuphathelele ukuphuculwa kwedayi, ukongeza kuphuculo olukhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla lwesakhiwo sematrix yedayi kunye nokudibanisa okufanelekileyo kwamaqela asebenzayo, abanye abantu baye baqulunqa iidayi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cationic reactive, ezinokudaya ngaphandle kokongeza ityuwa. Umzekelo, iidayi ezisebenza kakuhle ze-Cationic zesakhiwo esilandelayo:

Kuyabonakala kule fomyula ingentla ukuba umzimba wombala uqhagamshelwe kwiqela elisebenzayo le-monochloro-triazine. Iqela le-pyridine quaternary ammonium nalo linamathele kwisangqa se-s-striazine. Idayi itshajiwe kakuhle kwaye iqela le-quaternary ammonium liqela elinyibilikayo emanzini. Ekubeni kungekho kuphela ukugxothwa kwetshaji phakathi kweemolekyuli zedayi kunye nefayibha, kodwa kunye nokutsala kwetshaji ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, idayi kulula ukuyisondela kumphezulu wefayibha kwaye inamathele kwifayibha edayiweyo. Ubukho bee-electrolytes kwisisombululo sokudaya akuyi kuvelisa nje kuphela isiphumo sokukhuthaza idayi, kodwa kuya kwenza buthathaka ukutsala phakathi kwedayi kunye nefayibha, ngoko olu hlobo lokudaya idayi lunokudaywa ngaphandle kokongeza ii-electrolytes zokudaya okungenatyuwa. Inkqubo yokudaya ifana needayi eziqhelekileyo ezisabelayo. Kwiidayi ezisabelayo ze-monochloros-triazine, i-sodium carbonate isafakwa njenge-arhente yokulungisa. Ubushushu bokulungisa bumalunga ne-85℃. Izinga lokufunxwa kwedayi linokufikelela kwi-90% ukuya kwi-94%, kwaye izinga lokuqiniswa liyi-80% ukuya kwi-90%. Inokukhanya okukhawulezayo kunye nokukhawuleza kokuhlamba. Iidayi ezifanayo ze-cationic reactive nazo zibike ukuba zisebenzisa i-monofluoro-s-triazine njengeqela elisebenzayo. Umsebenzi we-monofluoro-s-triazine uphezulu kunowe-monochloro-s-triazine.

Ezi dayi zinokudaywa ngemixube yekotoni/i-acrylic, kwaye ezinye iimpawu zedayi (ezifana nokulinganisa kunye nokuhambelana, njl.njl.) kufuneka zifundwe ngakumbi. Kodwa ibonelela ngendlela entsha yokuba i-cellulose fiber yenze idayi engenatyuwa.